Victimisation par les pairs et climat scolaire : une étude menée en contexte de persévérance et de réussite scolaires chez des élèves du secondaire

Cette étude vise à analyser les liens entre le climat scolaire et la victimisation par les pairs en contexte de persévérance et de réussite scolaires au secondaire. Après avoir démontré l’existence de liens théoriques entre ces trois variables, elle évalue l’influence du climat scolaire décliné en quatre composantes (sentiment de sécurité, de justice, relations interpersonnelles/soutien et collaboration/participation) sur six formes de victimisation par les pairs (physique, verbale, psychologique, matérielle, électronique, à connotation sexuelle). Les résultats de cette recherche menée auprès de 2 154 élèves de la première à la cinquième secondaire révèlent que la composante du climat scolaire « Sentiment de sécurité » se distingue avec une influence sur les six formes de victimisation étudiées, signifiant que les élèves qui se sentent en sécurité dans leur milieu scolaire sont moins à risque de vivre ces différentes formes de violence. L’influence des autres composantes du climat scolaire sur la victimisation s’est toutefois avérée très faible. Comme le vécu victimaire et la perception d’un climat scolaire négatif peuvent nuire à la réussite et à la persévérance scolaires et entraver la diplomation, et que la décision d’abandonner l’école se prend souvent durant la quatrième et cinquième années du secondaire (Frase, 1989; MELS, 2009), c’est à ce groupe particulier d’élèves que la troisième partie de cette thèse s’est consacrée. Les analyses menées spécifiquement auprès d’élèves de quatrième et cinquième secondaire (n = 715) indiquent que ceux qui subissent au moins une des six formes de victimisation perçoivent plus négativement chacune des composantes du climat scolaire de leur établissement, comparativement à leurs pairs non victimisés. Précisément, les élèves victimes de violence physique et verbale perçoivent plus négativement les quatre composantes du climat scolaire et celles de formes matérielle, psychologique et à connotation sexuelle jugent aussi plus négativement toutes les composantes du climat scolaire, excepté celle du climat de sécurité. L’ensemble de ces résultats indiquent que la perception du climat scolaire influence la victimisation pour l’ensemble des élèves du secondaire et soulignent que cette victimisation, vécue par les élèves de quatrième et cinquième secondaire, affecte plus négativement leur perception du climat scolaire. Des réflexions sont finalement proposées afin d’orienter de futures recherches de même que certaines retombées pratiques pour les milieux scolaires.

Depressão e Risco de Suicídio em Militares da GNR

A taxa média de suicídio nas forças de segurança segundo fonte do Gabinete do Ministro da Administração interna, foi nos últimos 5 anos de 11,3%. Muito embora estes valores se mostrem inferiores às taxas registadas na sociedade civil, torna-se emergente actuar no sentido de reduzir as taxas de incidência do suicídio nas forças de segurança. A realização de estudos que abordem esta realidade assume assim especial pertinência. Para a investigação, a amostra contou com 95 sujeitos, todos militares da GNR, em funções na zona centro do país, e teve como objectivo central o estudo relacional entre a eventual existência de Depressão e comportamentos de risco Suicidários nos Militares da GNR. Para medir o risco de suicídio foi utilizada Escala de Risco Suicidário de Stork, bem como o Inventário Clínico da Depressão (IACLIDE) aferido para a população portuguesa, pelo psiquiatra Adriano Vaz Serra. Foram recolhidos alguns dados de caracterização sóciodemográfica. Os nossos resultados indicam que a amostra em estudo não apresenta valores de depressão, isto é, 90,5% (n= 95) da amostra encontra-se com um grau de depressão considerado normal. Contudo, 1,1% da amostra total apresenta um grau de depressão considerado grave. No que se reporta às dimensões do IACLIDE e tal como esperado, sintomas, factores e previsão de incapacidade apresentam valores mais elevados no caso do subgrupo dos sujeitos com depressão. O resultado dos estudos do questionário de risco suicidiário de J. Stork, revelaram que o índice de risco suicidiário para a amostra em estudo, corresponde a um risco considerado normal. Quanto ao estudo da relação entre variáveis, observa-se uma distribuição irregular em que os sujeitos sem depressão apresentam diversos graus de risco suicidiário, do mesmo modo que indivíduos com diferentes graus de depressão podem ou não estar em risco. / The middle tax of suicide in the strength of security according to the Office of the Ministro da Administração Interna was in the last five years of 11,3 %. Much though these values appear inferior to the taxes registered in the civil society. That makes emergent to act in the sense of reducing the taxes of incidence of suicide in the strength of security. The realization of studies that board this reality assumes so special relevance. For the investigation the sample disposed of 95 subjects, all soldiers of the GNR, in functions in the centre region of the country, and took as a central objective the relational study between the eventual existence of Depression and behaviours of secondary risks in the Soldiers of the GNR. To measure the risk of suicide was used the Stork Scale of Suicide Risk, as well as the Depression Clinical Inventory (IACLIDE) checked for the Portuguese population, by the psychiatrist Adriano Vaz Serra. They were gathered some data of demographic and social characterization. Our results indicate that the sample in study does not present values of depression, i.e. 90,5% (n = 95) of the sample represents a degree of depression that was evaluated as normal. Nevertheless, 1,1 % of the total sample presents a degree of depression that was evaluated as seriously. What concerns the dimensions of the IACLIDE and such as waited, symptoms, factors and foresight of incompetence present values more lifted up in case of the sub-group of the subjects with depression. The questionnaire study results of secondary risk of J. Stork showed that the rate of secondary risk for the sample in study corresponds to a risk evaluated as normal. As for the relation study between the variables there is observed an irregular distribution in which subjects without depression present several degrees of secondary risk in the same way which individuals with different degrees of depression can or can not to be in risk.

Equilíbrios Difíceis: stress laboral, equilíbrio trabalho/família e diferenças de género entre os colaboradores de uma empresa de tecnologias da informação

O stress é não apenas inerente para o ser humano, como indispensável para a sua sobrevivência. À medida que as sociedades humanas evoluíram, assim também se alteraram as principais fontes de stress. Actualmente o stress organizacional é uma das principais áreas de investigação, bem como as suas relações com a família e a vida pessoal. Em foco estão ainda as variáveis individuais que servem como moderadoras da experiência de stress, como o coping e o suporte social. Neste trabalho procurou-se conhecer os níveis de stress experienciados pelos colaboradores da Cisco Systems Lda, identificando diferenças de género e entre os tipos de trabalho. Pretendeu-se ainda relacionar o stress no trabalho com o equilíbrio trabalho/família, equlíbrio vida pessoal/trabalho, suporte social e coping. Através de um estudo não experimental transversal, descritivo/descritivo correlacional, com 42 sujeitos, utilizando o PMI – Pressure Management Indicator, foi possível identificar quatro factores, com α a partir de 0,531 para as variáveis moderadoras ate 0,904 para as variáveis stressoras. Os trabalhadores da amostra trabalham em média 49,7 horas por semana, apontando como principal razão “para que o trabalho seja feito”; 31,7% consideram estar a sofrer de pressão negativa iniciada há mais de 3 meses. Estão muito satisfeitos com a organização, mas sentem pressão devido ao volume de trabalho, ao relacionamento interpessoal e às dificuldades em desligar do trabalho quando em casa, fazendo uso de estratégias focadas no problema e de suporte social. Existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre homens e mulheres nas subescalas “Estado de espírito” e “Nível de confiança”, indicando níveis mais altos de segurança e satisfação com o seu estado mental para o grupo dos homens. No que respeita aos tipos de trabalho, foi possível identificar diferenças entre as categorias Sénior gerência/profissional e Manual/hábil nas subescalas “Nível de energia”, “Volume de trabalho” e “Equilíbrio vida/trabalho”. Existe correlação positiva entre as variáveis stressoras e a subescala “Equilíbrio trabalho/família” (r=0,890; p<0,000) e entre as variáveis stressoras e a escala de Coping (r=0,748; p<0,000), sugerindo que níveis de stress elevados interferem com a vida familiar e conduzem a maior utilização das estratégias de coping. Apesar das políticas de recursos humanos da empresa no sentido de promover a conciliação entre trabalho e vida pessoal e familiar, há ainda margem para intervir e melhorar. / Stress is not only inherent to the human being, it’s essential to survival. As the humans societies evolved, so did the major sources of stress. These days, organizational stress is one of the main areas of research, as it is it’s relation with family and personal life. Under the spotlight are also individual variables that moderate the stress experience, such as coping and social support. With this paper, we intended to know the levels of stress experienced by the workers of Cisco Systems Lda, identifying gender and work type differences. We were also intending to relate work stress with home/work balance, life/work balance, social support and coping. Using a cross sectional correlational study, with n=42, using the PMI, we were able to identify four factors, with α starting on 0,531 for moderator variables to 0,904 for stressor variables. The workers on this sample work an average of 49,7 hours per week, naming “to get the job done” as the main reason for it. 31,7% consider to be suffering from negative pressure that started more than 3 months ago. They are very satisfied with the organization, but feel pressure due to workload, interpersonal relationship and the difficulties in switching off from work when at home. They use mostly Problem focus strategies and social support.There are statically significative differences between men and women in the subscales “State of mind” and “Confidence level”, which indicate higher levels of security and satisfaction with their state of mind for men. Regarding work types, we were able to identify differences between senior Management and Manual categories on subscales “Energy level”, “Workload” and “Life/work balance”. There is a positive correlation between stressor variables and the subscales “Home/work balance” (r=0,890; p<0,000) and between stressor variables and Coping scale (r=0,748; p<0,000), suggesting that high levels of stress interfere with family life and lead to higher use of coping mechanisms. Despite the company’s human resources policies to promote the balance between work and personal and family life, there is still place to intervene and improve.

Accounting Earnings Announcements, Institutional Investor Concentration, and Common Stock Returns

[Excerpt] This study examines the relation between the level of institutional investor ownership and the magnitude of security price variability at quarterly earnings announcement dates. Prior research consistently documents a negative association between firm size and announcement-date return variability. One explanation for this finding is that as more timely, alternative information becomes available on large firms prior to an announcement date, their security prices become informative, thereby reducing the information content of the earnings announcement. Large firms are closely followed by institutional investors. These investors dedicate substantial resources to information search. Therefore, the link between size and information production may be attributable to the influence of institutional investors on the information production process. Because institutional trades can also affect security prices, however, the precise impact of institutional following on the variability of prices at quarterly earnings dates is not evident.

Práticas de governança de tecnologia da informação: um estudo de caso em empresas de telecomunicações do Rio Grande do Norte

This study aims to understand the general model of governance of information technology adopted by telecommunication companies operating in Rio Grande do Norte. The research methodology used involved a theoretical and empirical approach prepared, involving two case studies on companies in the telecommunications industry working in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The study covered the area of IT organizations, through interviews with managers responsible for the area of Telecommunications / IT. To study in accordance with the approach and address the problem of research, this study was based on qualitative criteria, which enabled the understanding of how companies adopt the governance of information technology. In conclusion, it was found that the governance practices of information technology employees are incipient, but that meet the needs of business and that they intend to implement in specific areas and use other practices of IT governance

Letting the managers manage: analyzing capacity to conserve biodiversity in a cross-border protected area network

Biodiversity loss is one of the most significant drivers of ecosystem change and is projected to continue at a rapid rate. While protected areas, such as national parks, are seen as important refuges for biodiversity, their effectiveness in stemming biodiversity decline has been questioned. Public agencies have a critical role in the governance of many such areas, but there are tensions between the need for these agencies to be more “adaptive” and their current operating environment. Our aim is to analyze how institutions enable or constrain capacity to conserve biodiversity in a globally significant cross-border network of protected areas, the Australian Alps. Using a novel conceptual framework for diagnosing biodiversity institutions, our research examined institutional adaptive capacity and more general capacity for conserving biodiversity. Several intertwined issues limit public agencies’ capacity to fulfill their conservation responsibilities. Narrowly defined accountability measures constrain adaptive capacity and divert attention away from addressing key biodiversity outcomes. Implications for learning were also evident, with protected area agencies demonstrating successful learning for on-ground issues but less success in applying this learning to deeper policy change. Poor capacity to buffer political and community influences in managing significant cross-border drivers of biodiversity decline signals poor fit with the institutional context and has implications for functional fit. While cooperative federalism provides potential benefits for buffering through diversity, it also means protected area agencies have restricted authority to address cross-border threats. Restrictions on staff authority and discretion, as public servants, have further implications for deploying capacity. This analysis, particularly the possibility of fostering “ambidexterity”—creatively responding to political pressures in a way that also achieves a desirable outcome for biodiversity conservation—is one promising way of building capacity to buffer both political influences and ecological pressures. The findings and the supporting analysis provide insight into how institutional capacity to conserve biodiversity can be enhanced in protected areas in Australia and elsewhere, especially those governed by public agencies and/or multiple organizations and across jurisdictions.

Militant Bodies: Policing Race, Religion, and Violence in the U.S. Sikh Diaspora

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-07

Community owned solutions: identifying local best practices for social-ecological sustainability

Policies and actions that come from higher scale structures, such as international bodies and national governments, are not always compatible with the realities and perspectives of smaller scale units including indigenous communities. Yet, it is at this local social-ecological scale that mechanisms and solutions for dealing with unpredictability and change can be increasingly seen emerging from across the world. Although there is a large body of knowledge specifying the conditions necessary to promote local governance of natural resources, there is a parallel need to develop practical methods for operationalizing the evaluation of local social-ecological systems. In this paper, we report on a systemic, participatory, and visual approach for engaging local communities in an exploration of their own social-ecological system. Working with indigenous communities of the North Rupununi, Guyana, this involved using participatory video and photography within a system viability framework to enable local participants to analyze their own situation by defining indicators of successful strategies that were meaningful to them. Participatory multicriteria analysis was then used to arrive at a short list of best practice strategies. We present six best practices and show how they are intimately linked through the themes of indigenous knowledge, local governance and values, and partnerships and networks. We highlight how developing shared narratives of community owned solutions can help communities to plan governance and management of land and resource systems, while reinforcing sustainable practices by discussing and showcasing them within communities, and by engendering a sense of pride in local solutions.

Volatilidade dos retornos e governança: um estudo de eventos da crise do subprime

The financial crisis that occurred between the years 2007 and 2008, known as the subprime crisis, has highlighted the governance of companies in Brazil and worldwide. To monitor the financial risk, quantitative tools of risk management were created in the 1990s, after several financial disasters. The market turmoil has also led companies to invest in the development and use of information, which are applied as tools to support process control and decision making. Numerous empirical studies on informational efficiency of the market have been made inside and outside Brazil, revealing whether the prices reflect the information available instantly. The creation of different levels of corporate governance on BOVESPA, in 2000, made the firms had greater impairment in relation to its shareholders with greater transparency in their information. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the subprime financial crisis has affected, between January 2007 and December 2009, the volatility of stock returns in the BM&BOVESPA of companies with greater liquidity at different levels of corporate governance. From studies of time series and through the studies of events, econometric tests were performed by the EVIEWS, and through the results obtained it became evident that the adoption of good practices of corporate governance affect the volatility of returns of companies

El quehacer universitario en la promoción de la seguridad integral

La seguridad integral implica un nivel de protagonismo de la Universidad en la generación de conocimiento tanto para el fortalecimiento de las instituciones así como en la generación de capacidades ciudadanas de demanda. Este artículo plantea la posibilidad de trabajar el tema en la UNA desde un enfoque basado en los derechos humanos y desde un afianzamiento con la relación de esta con el Ministerio de Seguridad de Costa Rica desde una perspectiva técnica, donde enfoques educativos innovadores como la educación dual, que promueve la Escuela de Secretariado Profesional, puede ser una herramienta valiosa. Abstract The integral security implies a level of participation from the University in knowledge development for the strengthening of the institutions as well as the creation of citizen capacities of demand. This article raises the possibility of working the subject in the National University Of Costa Rica from an approach based on the human rights and from a reinforcement with its relationship of this with the Ministry of Security of Costa Rica from a technical perspective, where innovating educative approaches like the dual education, comes promoting from the School of Professional Secretaryship valuable tools.

Adesão dos enfermeiros à notificação de eventos nos serviços de internamento e unidades de cuidados intensivos de um hospital central

Introdução: A notificação de eventos tornou-se um importante instrumento para a melhoria da qualidade no sistema de saúde. Partilhar a ocorrência de eventos na área dos cuidados de saúde é fundamental para a implementação de mecanismos de prevenção que aumentem a segurança do doente. Objetivo: Conhecer a adesão dos enfermeiros à notificação de eventos nos serviços de internamento e unidades de cuidados intensivos de um hospital central. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: Relativamente aos eventos em que o dano é trágico, a grande maioria das vezes são notificados. Em relação à queda, todos os profissionais com quem ocorreu este evento, notificaram. Os enfermeiros apontam como principais barreiras à notificação de eventos: o esquecimento decorrente do excesso de trabalho; a evolução do evento tornar desnecessária a notificação e a aplicação informática para notificação ser complicada, não ser intuitiva. Conclusões: Após a recolha de dados verificamos, que quando ocorrem eventos, os enfermeiros notificam-nos poucas vezes. Os resultados obtidos apontam algumas orientações para a melhoria da cultura de segurança na instituição, ressalvando-se a necessidade de formação na área da segurança e da notificação antes de o evento acontecer.

Perception des institutions de sécurité et de justice par les abidjanais

Cette étude vise à connaître la perception et la représentation induite des institutions de sécurité et de justice ivoiriennes par les abidjanais. Les théories de la motivation, notamment celle du contenu motivationnel ont été utilisées pour comprendre le jugement des abidjanais. Un questionnaire et des entretiens ont permis de recueillir des données dont l’analyse relève une image négative du système de sécurité et de justice ivoirien qui s’est progressivement construite dans la conscience de la population. Cette dépréciation du système est motivée par les différentes expériences d’insatisfaction et autres griefs à l’endroit du système et de ses agents. This study aims at knowing the Abidjanian perception and the induced representation of Ivorian institutions of security and justice. We used theories of motivation, in particular the one concerning motivational content, in order to understand the Abidjanian judgments. Data from a questionnaire and some interviews have provided information that highlight a negative image among citizens of the Ivorian system of security and justice. This discrediting of the system is mainly the result of different dissatisfaction experiences and other complaints towards the system and its agents.

Assimetria na volatilidade - O impacto das más notícias nas rendibilidades do PSI 20

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

Securing Disunion: young people’s nationalism, identities and (in)securities in the campaign for an independent Scotland.

This paper explores ethnic and religious minority youth perspectives of security and nationalism in Scotland during the independence campaign in 2014.  We discuss how young people co-construct narratives of Scottish nationalism alongside minority ethnic and faith identities in order to feel secure. By critically combining literatures from feminist geopolitics, international relations (IR) and children’s emotional geographies, we employ the concept of ‘ontological security’. The paper departs from state-centric approaches to security to explore the relational entanglements between geopolitical discourses and the ontological security of young people living through a moment of political change. We examine how everyday encounters with difference can reflect broader geopolitical narratives of security and insecurity, which subsequently trouble notions of ‘multicultural nationalism’ in Scotland and demonstrate ways that youth ‘securitize the self’ (Kinnvall, 2004). The paper responds to calls for empirical analyses of youth perspectives on nationalism and security (Benwell, 2016) and on the nexus between security and emotional subjectivity in critical geopolitics (Pain, 2009; Shaw et al., 2014). Funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), this paper draws on focus group and interview data from 382 ethnic and religious minority young people in Scotland collected over the 12-month period of the campaign. Keywords: nationalism, young people, race and ethnicity, ontological security, everyday geopolitics

Główne determinanty polityki bezpieczeństwa Izraela na początku XXI wieku

Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa