Impacto dos programas da DGSS na vida dos grupos mais vulneráveis da cidade da Praia Estudo de Caso

O presente trabalho monográfico intitulado “Impacto dos programas da DGSS na vida dos grupos mais vulneráveis da cidade da Praia” foi realizado no âmbito do grau da licenciatura em Serviço Social na Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde. Em Cabo Verde, o sector da proteção social está numa posição favorável, resultado de algumas políticas públicas implementadas pelos sucessivos governos, que tem contribuido positivamente na dimunição da taxa da pobreza. Por outro lado, pode-se afirmar que o seu desenvolvimento tem acompanhado paralelamente um conjunto de dasafios. Este estudo tem como objectivo analisar os programas da DGSS e o seu impacto na vida dos grupos mais vulneráveis da cidade da Praia. Para alcançar os objectivos preconizados, fez-se o recurso a combinação dos métodos quantitativo e qualitativo, acreditando que a complementaridade dos mesmos é a melhor forma para realizar este trabalho. Para tanto, foi realizado uma pesquisa de campo, com a aplicação de um inquérito por questionário abarcando o universo de 75 beneficiários dos programas da DGSS de forma a obter informações que permitissem analisar o impacto dos programas sobre esses grupos. Complementarmente, foram entrevistados informadores privilegiados: um (1) coordenador do programa de apoios á órfãos, um (1) coordenador do programa de estudantes, uma (1) Directora Geral da Solidariedade Social. Os resultados alcançados ilustram que a intervenção da DGSS através dos seus programas tem provocado efeitos no sentido dos grupos mais vulneráveis possam viver com alguma dignidade. Por outro lado, com base na pesquisa, os resultados mostram que há uma tendência dessas pessoas ficarem a depender dos apoios concedidos, não tendo oportunidades de adquerirem sua própria autonomia que lhes permite, por sí só, responder às suas dificuldades. Daí que, pode-se afirmar que este passo constitui um dos desafios que esta instituição ainda não superou.

Pre-Mesozoic Alpine basements - Their place in the European Paleozoic framework

Prior to their Alpine overprinting, most of the pre-Mesozoic basement areas in Alpine orogenic structures shared a complex evolution, starting with Neoproterozoic sediments that are thought to have received detrital input from both West and East Gondwanan cratonic sources. A subsequent Neoproterozoic-Cambrian active margin setting at the Gondwana margin was followed by a Cambrian-Ordovician rifting period, including an Ordovician cordillera-like active margin setting. During the Late Ordovician and Silurian periods, the future Alpine domains recorded crustal extension along the Gondwana margin, announcing the future opening of the Paleotethys oceanic domain. Most areas then underwent Variscan orogenic events, including continental subduction and collisions with Avalonian-type basement areas along Laurussia and the juxtaposition and the duplication of terrane assemblages during strike slip, accompanied by contemporaneous crustal shortening and the subduction of Paleotethys under Laurussia. Thereafter, the final Pangea assemblage underwent Triassic and Jurassic extension, followed by Tertiary shortening, and leading to the buildup of the Alpine mountain chain. Recent plate-tectonic reconstructions place the Alpine domains in their supposed initial Cambrian-Ordovician positions in the eastern part of the Gondwana margin, where a stronger interference with the Chinese blocks is proposed, at least from the Ordovician onward. For the Visean time of the Variscan continental collision, the distinction of the former tectonic lower-plate situation is traceable but becomes blurred through the subsequent oblique subduction of Paleotethys under Laurussia accompanied by large-scale strike slip. Since the Pennsylvanian, this global collisional scenario has been replaced by subsequent and ongoing shortening and strike slip under rising geothermal conditions, and all of this occurred before all these puzzle elements underwent the complex Alpine reorganization.

El Uso de Programas Estratégicos Transfusionales Disminuye el Consumo de Hemoderivados.

Los Programas Estratégicos Transfusionales (PET) racionalizan las reservas de hemoderivados y disminuyen los riesgos transfusionales. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo para verificar si el PET de Mútua Terrassa mejoró índice, volumen y masa transfusional en la artroplastia de cadera comparando un grupo de pacientes antes con otro después de la implementación del programa. El índice y masa transfusionales descendieron en el grupo PET comparado con el grupo No PET. El volumen transfusional fue similar. Estos resultados fueron más evidentes tras la introducción del ácido tranexámico. Proponemos la implementación de PET para cirugías de elevado consumo de hemoderivados.

Andalucía y Cataluña: Programas de salud educativos para alumnos de secundaria

El presente trabajo se centra, primeramente, en la descripción de dos programas de promoción de la salud impartidos por enfermeras de centros de atención primaria, “Salut i Escola” y “Forma Joven”. Dos han sido los principales motivos para la selección de dichos programas; por un lado, se decidió que fueran programas dirigidos a alumnos de enseñanza secundaria, por otro lado, se seleccionan estos dos en concreto ya que son los programas oficiales que se desarrollan en las dos comunidades autónomas con mayor población adolescente: Cataluña y Andalucía, respectivamente. Dichos programas han sido analizados a distintos niveles; objetivos, acciones llevadas a cabo por la enfermera, temas que se abordan, etc. Por otra parte, se ha estudiado el número de alumnos y centros que dan cobertura los programas así como el nivel de satisfacción de los participantes a través de encuestas. También se ha evaluado la eficacia de dichos programas mediante la detección de cambios conductuales en los alumnos participantes. Se analiza la situación actual de los problemas de salud más frecuentes en estas edades; el consumo de drogas, en cuanto a la sexualidad; los embarazos no deseados y las enfermedades de trasmisión sexual, por lo referente a la alimentación; el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la falta de ejercicio físico, y por último los accidentes de tráfico y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Se justifica la necesidad de educar a estas edades mediante programas de salud para que los alumnos sean capaces de escoger los hábitos de vida más saludables y evitar las conductas de riesgo que pueden afectar a su salud. A partir de estas áreas temáticas, se ha profundizado en la descripción y análisis de programas llevados a cabo por un amplio rango de entidades. Se describen los objetivos planteados por dichos programas, el segmento de población al que van dirigidos, quiénes lo imparten y las metodologías utilizadas para su implementación.

Towards a database on societal impact of Mediterranean floods in the framework of the HYMEX project

The NW Mediterranean region experiences every year heavy rainfall and flash floods that occasionally produce catastrophic damages. Less frequent are floods that affect large regions. Although a large number of databases devoted exclusively to floods or considering all kind of natural hazards do exist, usually they only record catastrophic flood events. This paper deals with the new flood database that is being developed within the framework of HYMEX project. Results are focused on four regions representative of the NW sector of Mediterranean Europe: Catalonia, Spain; the Balearic Islands, Spain; Calabria, Italy; and Languedoc-Roussillon, Midi-Pyrenées and PACA, France. The common available 30-yr period starts in 1981 and ends in 2010. The paper shows the database structure and criteria, the comparison with other flood databases, some statistics on spatial and temporal distribution, and an identification of the most important events. The paper also provides a table that includes the date and affected region of all the catastrophic events identified in the regions of study, in order to make this information available for all audiences.

Patients' right to information: a review of the regulatory and ethical framework

[eng] Aim: The paper examines the current situation of recognition of patients' right to information in international standards and in the national laws of Belgium, France, Italy, Spain (and Catalonia), Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Methodology: International standards, laws and codes of ethics of physicians and librarians that are currently in force were identified and analyzed with regard to patients' right to information and the ownership of this right. The related subjects of access to clinical history, advance directives and informed consent were not taken into account.Results: All the standards, laws and codes analyzed deal with guaranteeing access to information. The codes of ethics of both physicians and librarians establish the duty to inform.Conclusions: Librarians must collaborate with physicians in the process of informing patients.

Gaussian process framework for pervasive estimation of swimming velocity with body-worn IMU

Presented is an accurate swimming velocity estimation method using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) by employing a simple biomechanical constraint of motion along with Gaussian process regression to deal with sensor inherent errors. Experimental validation shows a velocity RMS error of 9.0 cm/s and high linear correlation when compared with a commercial tethered reference system. The results confirm the practicality of the presented method to estimate swimming velocity using a single low-cost, body-worn IMU.

Evolución y tendencias en la interacción persona-ordenador

La autora resume en este artículo los diversos hitos en la historia de la interacción persona-ordenador, desde sus inicios a la etapa actual, en base a tres factores: la creatividad humana, la evolución de a tecnología y el uso de los ordenadores. En la etapa actual (a partir de 1989) el artículo analiza la influencia del entorno www y de la computación ubicua, nuevo paradigma computacional de gran impacto en la interacción persona¿ordenador. Finalmente presenta algunas tendencias que empiezan a configurar la interfaz post¿WIMP

Los programas de fuentes y servicios de información en las escuelas norteamericanas de biblioteconomía y documentación

Se establece una relación entre los cursos básicos de trabajo de referencia impartidos en las escuelas de Biblioteconomía y Documentación norteamericanas, y las asignaturas Servicios de información y Servicios y fuentes de información presentes en los planes de estudios de la Diplomatura en Biblioteconomía y Documentación de la Universidad de Barcelona durante la década de los noventa. Se ofrece una revisión de la literatura reciente sobre la naturaleza y tendencias del citado curso básico, y se analizan los programas correspondientes a esta asignatura que se imparten en las mejores escuelas de los Estados Unidos de América.

Small Cities, Neoliberal Governance and Sustainable Development in the Global South : A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda

Development and environmental issues of small cities in developing countries have largely been overlooked although these settlements are of global demographic importance and often face a "triple challenge"; that is, they have limited financial and human resources to address growing environmental problems that are related to both development (e.g., pollution) and under-development (e.g., inadequate water supply). Neoliberal policy has arguably aggravated this challenge as public investments in infrastructure generally declined while the focus shifted to the metropolitan "economic growth machines". This paper develops a conceptual framework and agenda for the study of small cities in the global south, their environmental dynamics, governance and politics in the current neoliberal context. While small cities are governed in a neoliberal policy context, they are not central to neoliberalism, and their (environmental) governance therefore seems to differ from that of global cities. Furthermore, "actually existing" neoliberal governance of small cities is shaped by the interplay of regional and local politics and environmental situations. The approach of urban political ecology and the concept of rural-urban linkages are used to consider these socio-ecological processes. The conceptual framework and research agenda are illustrated in the case of India, where the agency of small cities in regard to environmental governance seems to remain limited despite formal political decentralization.

Iowa Disaster Recovery Framework

This Iowa Disaster Recovery Framework (IDRF) is meant to detail a lasting, flexible structure and system to coordinate and manage disaster recovery in the long-term. The IDRF provides a structure to engage stakeholders such as individual Iowans, local and tribal governments, businesses, voluntary, faith-based and community organizations as well as state and federal agencies to identify and resolve recovery challenges both before and after disaster events. It applies to all disasters, recovery partners, and recovery activities.

The Variscan evolution in the External massifs of the Alps and place in their Variscan framework

In the general discussion on the Variscan evolution of central Europe the pre-Mesozoic basement of the Alps is, in many cases, only included with hesitation. Relatively well-preserved from Alpine metamorphism, the Alpine External massifs can serve as an excellent example of evolution of the Variscan basement, including the earliest Gondwana-derived microcontinents with Cadomian relics. Testifying to the evolution at the Gondwana margin, at least since the Cambrian, such pieces took part in the birth of the Rheic Ocean. After the separation of Avalonia, the remaining Gondwana border was continuously transformed through crustal extension with contemporaneous separation of continental blocks composing future Pangea, but the opening of Palaeotethys had only a reduced significance since the Devonian. The Variscan evolution in the External domain is characterised by an early HP-evolution with subsequent granulitic decompression melts. During Visean crustal shortening, the areas of future formation of migmatites and intrusion of monzodioritic magmas in a general strike-slip regime, were probably in a lower plate situation, whereas the so called monometamorphic areas may have been in an upper plate position of the nappe pile. During the Latest Carboniferous, the emplacement of the youngest granites was associated with the strike-slip faulting and crustal extension at lower crustal levels, whereas, at the surface, detrital sediments accumulated in intramontaneous transtensional basins on a strongly eroded surface. To cite this article: J.R von Raumer et al., C. R. Geoscience 341 (2009). (C) 2008 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.