Biofertilizante bovino, cobertura morta e revestimento lateral dos sulcos na produção de pimentão

The adoption of management practices that reduce water losses is essential to conserve moisture and improve soil temperature, especially in arid and semiarid environments of the Brazilian Northeast, characterized by high evapotranspiration and the adoption of irrigation with saline water, which harms growth and yield of commercial crops. Given these factories, an experiment was conducted in Nova Floresta, Paraiba, from August 2010 to February 2011 in Oxisoil, in order to evaluate the production of bell pepper and soil moisture in grooves with side trim, and application of biofertilizer and mulch cattle. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications using a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 for the ground beef with and without biofertilizer, with and without residues of sisal fiber (Agave sisalana), with and without the side facing the grooves, to reduce lateral water losses by infiltration of water with polyethylene plastic film. From the results, the lining of the lateral grooves provided higher values of soil moisture, number of fruits, fruit mass, plant production and productivity, bell pepper plants. It was also found that the combination of biofertilizer and mulch the ground beef remained wetter in the first 15 cm depth.

Tratamento químico de sementes de milho e o teste de condutividade elétrica

In different crops, the seeds treatment with the use of fungicides and/or insecticides has been performed before the storage or in the seeding moment as a guarantee form of longer conservation period and adequate initial stand. However, it is not known if the various products used for the treatment interfere with test results of electrical conductivity of corn seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized and the analysis carried out in a factorial 5x5x2 with four replications. The treatments consisted of five cultivars of corn (DKB 390YG, DKB 185YG, 2B710, AGN-30A91HX and AL Bandeirante) treated with four insecticides (imidacloprid+thiodicarbe, thiamethoxam, fipronil, fipronil+piraclostrobin+thiophanate-methyl), and the control previously treated by the company with fungicides (fludioxonil+metalaxyl-M e captan) and insecticides (pirimiphos-methyl, deltamethrin e bifenthrin), analyzed in two different times (after treatment and at 35 days of storage). Seeds were subjected to tests of germination, electrical conductivity and water content. The results showed that the treatment of corn seeds with insecticides and fungicides doesn't interfere on the test results of electric conductivity, even if the analysis is made after 35 days of storage of seeds.

Efeito do estresse hídrico e salino na germinação e vigor de sementes de maxixe

The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination and vigor of two lots of gherkin seeds in different osmotic potentials using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and sodium chloride (NaCl). Seeds of the 'North' cultivar were sown in germitest paper moistened in solutions of polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride in osmotic potentials of 0, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9MPa. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2x4 design (solutions x osmotic potential), with four replications. Seed vigor was evaluated by the germination test, first germination count, length and dry weight of root and hypocotyl. It is concluded that the reduction in osmotic potential from -0.3MPa induced by PEG 6000 and NaCl reduces the germination and vigor of gherkin's seeds. The osmotic stress induced by PEG 6000 produced more severe effects than saline in physiological quality of gherkin's seeds.

Maturity, Pulp Removal and Storage Effects on the Germination of Livistona rotundifolia Seeds

The Livistona rotundifolia species is native to Oceania, and has a high potential for landscaping use and as a pot plant. This work aimed to study the effects of the maturation stage, pulp removal and storage on the germination of L. rotundifolia seeds. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial arrangement 5x2x2 (five storage periods: 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days; two maturation stages: green and ripe; and the presence or absence of the pulp - exocarp and mesocarp) with four replications of 25 seeds each. After sorting out the fruits by the maturity stage and removing the pulp out of half of the fruits from each plot, the seeds were placed in closed bottles, which were sealed and stored in a cold chamber at 10 degrees C. The seeds were removed from the cold chamber and left to germinate in plastic boxes (gerbox type) with sphagnum. The boxes were kept at 25-35 degrees C and photoperiod of 12 hours. The germination rate was determined when seed germination was steady. The highest germination rate was found when green fruits had their pulp removed. The germination rate gradually decreased with the increase of the storage period regardless the maturation stage and the presence or absence of the pulp.

Effects of the Temperature and Maturation Stages on the Germination of Roystonea regia Seeds

Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook is largely used as ornamental. The propagation is done almost exclusively by seeds; however, there is a great variation in the germination process influenced by many factors. The objective of this work was to study the effects of the temperature and maturation stages on the germination of R. regia seeds. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial arrangement 6x3 (six temperatures: constant at 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C and alternated at 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C, with a photoperiod of 12 hours; and three fruit maturation stages: brown, yellow and black), with four replications of 25 disseminules (seed with stucked endocarp) each. The disseminules had their mesocarp and exocarp were removed and shade dried. Their moisture content was determined, and then they were placed in plastic boxes (gerbox type) containing vermiculite. The disseminules, with the germinative intumescence, were daily noted until germination was steady. The germination rate and the germination speed index were calculated, and the data were submitted to the variance analysis. The means were compared by the Tukey test. It was concluded that the highest germination rate (99.7%) and germination speed were obtained by seeds from mature (black) fruits at the temperature of 35 degrees C.

Inorganic phosphates in juices from different parts of sugarcane stalks (cultivars ctc 9, ctc 15 and ctc 16)

This study aimed to quantify, the inorganic phosphates in sugarcane juice from nodes and internodes of three sugarcane cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial scheme 3x2. The main treatments were three sugarcane cultivars and two parts of the stalk (nodes and internodes). The inorganic phosphates contents were determined for each treatment. The results were subjected to variance analysis by the F test; when statistically significant, means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. It is concluded that the three cultivars (CTC 9, CTC 16 and CTC 15) showed similar values regarding the content of inorganic phosphates present in the juice, and these values are considered adequate for a good performance in juice clarification. For the different parts of the stem, differences were observed in the levels of the nutrient studied, which showed a higher concentration in the node than in the internode.

Uso de resíduos de madeiras e frutos da amazônia para o cultivo in vitro do cogumelo comestível shiitake

Local abundant residues with low or without commercial value with potential to make the production of edible mushrooms economically viable in any region of Brazil must be employed for cultivation. Thus, the radial mycelial growth of LED 20 strain of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler was verified in culture media prepared with extract of regional residues by using substrates based on Protium puncticulatum, Cariniana micrantha and Caryocar glabum sawdust, supplemented with 20% of grinded residues from the barks of the fruits of Astrocaryum aculeatum and Theobroma grandiflorum. Residues from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) sawdust and wheat bran (Triticum aestivum L) were used as witness because they are commonly used in the cultivation of L. edodes. The experimental design used was totally randomized, in 4x3 factorial scheme, totalizing 12 treatments with five repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to a Petri dish, adding up a total of 60 dishes, which were incubated under 25 degrees C. The diameter of the colony was daily evaluated during seven days of incubation. After that period, it was verified that media prepared with P. puncticulatum extract, whose supplementation with both brans was favorable for fungic development, presented some of the highest averages of mycelial growth of LED 20 strain of L. edodes, confirming the potential of those residues.

Germination of Phoenix roebelenii Seeds

The Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien is one of the most used plants in the Brazilian landscape. The work aimed to study the effect of different fruit harvesting locations, associated with seven temperature conditions, on the germination of P. roebelenii seeds. The fruits were collected from two different locations: Ilha Solteira, western Sao Paulo State and Jaboticabal in the middle East of the same State. The disseminules (seeds with stucked endocarp) were placed in plastic boxes (gerbox), and the experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial scheme of 7x2 (seven temperatures conditions: room temperature, constant at 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C and alternated at 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C; and two fruit harvesting locations: Ilha Solteira and Jaboticabal, with four replications with 25 seeds each. The disseminules that emitted the germinative intumescence were daily noted until the germinative process got steady, in about 90 days. The germination rate (G%), the germination speed index (GSI), and the means were extracted and compared by the Tukey test. The highest values of germination rate were obtained at 30, 25-35 degrees C and room temperatures. The seeds showed a higher GSI at room temperature. The fruit harvesting locations influenced the germination.

Chemometric optimization of solid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partition (SLE-LTP) for determination of persistent organic pollutants in Caiman yacare eggs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of the acidity in the juice from different parts of the stem of sugarcane, cycle 2010/2011

The acidity levels present in the juice of sugarcane can cause problems in its processing. This study aimed to compare the values of total, volatile and fixed acidity in the juice of the stem nodes and internodes of sugarcane. The experimental design was a completely randomized, 3x2 factorial arrangement with four replications, using three varieties of sugarcane (IAC91-1099; ISC95 and CTC7-5000) divided into node and internode. The stems were collected and separated in node and internode. After extraction of juice from each part, total, volatile and fix acidities were determined. The results were subjected to variance analysis the by F test and compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The cultivar CTC7 had the lowest levels of total and fixed acidity. Cultivar IAC91-1099 showed high levels of fixed acidity on both parts of the stem, and high volatile acidity at the node. In the stem, the values of volatile acidity showed no definite pattern between cultivars. The node has, in general, a higher fixed acidity, but some cultivars have shown opposite results.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the nutritional quality of Agaricus bisporus strains cultivated in different composts

The effect of irradiation doses (0, 125, 250 and 500 Gy) on the nutritional quality of A. bisporus mushrooms (strains ABI-07/06, ABI-05/03 and PB-1) cultivated in composts based on oat straw (Avena sativa) and brachiaria (Brachiaria sp.) was evaluated. The experimental design was 4 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme (irradiation doses x strains x composts), with 24 treatments, consisting of two repetitions each, totaling 48 experimental units (samples of mushrooms). The samples were irradiated in Cobalt-60 irradiator, model Gammacell 220 kGy, with dose rate of 0.740 kGy h(-1), according to the treatments proposed. Subsequently, the control (unirradiated) and the other treatments were maintained at 4 +/- 1 degrees C and 90% RH in a climatic chamber for carrying out the chemical analysis of the mushrooms on the 1st and 14th day of storage. It was found that all A. bisporus strains evaluated were food with excellent nutritional value, because they presented high protein and fiber contents and low ethereal extract content; the chemical characterization of the mushrooms was influenced by the compost type in which they were cultivated; gamma irradiation influenced the chemical composition of mushrooms.

Acidez do solo afetando concentração de micronutrientes, atividade da enzima nitrato redutase e produtividade em plantas de arroz de terras altas

The lowest grain yield of rice under no-tillage system (NTS) in relation to the conventional system may be due to the predominance nitrate in the soil and the low nitrate reductase activity. Another reason may be caused by micronutrient deficiency because of superficially soil acidity corrections. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes caused by soil pH in the N forms in the soil, micronutrients concentration in rice plants, nitrate reductase activity, yield of rice and its components. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was a completely randomized in a factorial three (levels of soil acidity) x five (micronutrients sources) with four replications. The addition of micronutrients does not affect levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil; soil acidity significantly affects levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil, concentration of micronutrients in rice plants and crop yield and its components; medium soil acidity (pH 5.5) result in medium to high levels of Cu and Fe, medium level of Zn and Mn, high nitrate reductase activity, resulting in higher dry matter, tillers, panicles, spikelets, weight of 100 grains and hence grain yield.

Acúmulo de silício na parte aérea de cultivares de arroz de terras altas afetado pela aplicação de silicato e carbonato no solo

Even the element silicon being the most uptake by rice plant, many benefit effect like: increase of pest and disease tolerance, decrease of lost of water by transpiration and better the leaf architecture becoming the leafs more erect, resulting as well at the better photosynthesis efficacy. There is not too much knowledge about the uptake march in upland rice plants. This study aimed to evaluate the content of silicon in two upland rice cultivars by the influence of the application of silicate and limestone at the soil. The experiment was carried in Hapludox soil in a completely randomized experimental design in 2x2x7 factorial scheme in four replications. The treatments were consisted of calcium silicate fertilizer and limestone in interaction with seven period of physiological stage, using the upland rice cultivars Caiapo and Maravilha. At the cultivar Maravilha Si accumulation begin from tillering and achieve it better value at the microsporogenesis, while the Caiapo cultivar, occurs between tillering until the mily grain. Caiapo shows efficient Si accumulation when it was supplied to the soil. Plant organs that more accumulated silicon in both upland rice cultivars followed decreased order: stem > leaf > panicle.

Economic design of Shewhart control charts for monitoring autocorrelated data with skip sampling strategies

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

In vitro fermentation parameters and biohydrogenation of vegetable oils without glycerol

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)