Santiago de Compostela. Pilgerarchitektur und bildliche Repräsentation in neuer Perspektive

Die Kathedrale von Santiago de Compostela, als Ziel und Höhepunkt der Pilgerwege zum Jakobsgrab, darf heute mehr denn je Aufmerksamkeit beanspruchen, nicht nur als Ziel des Jakobsweges, sondern vor allem als architektonische und kulturgeschichtliche Quelle. Das mehrjährige Forschungsprojekt von Bernd Nicolai, Universität Bern und Klaus Rheidt, Universität Cottbus, 'Die Kathedrale von Santiago de Compostela - Gestalt, Funktion und Programm', das den Bau und seinen architektur- und kunstgeschichtlichen Kontext von Grund auf neu untersucht, legt hier eine Zwischenbilanz vor. Der Band präsentiert erstmalig Ergebnisse zu Bauverlauf und Ausstattung auf der Basis einer neuen Bauforschung, Baugeschichte und Quellenanalyse und konfrontiert sie mit aktuellen internationalen Forschungen in Spanien, den USA, der Schweiz, Deutschland, England und Frankreich zum Themenbereich der Pilgerstraßenarchitektur und -skulptur.

Sociodemographic, behavioral and genetic determinants of allostatic load in a Swiss population-based study.

Allostatic load (AL) is a marker of physiological dysregulation which reflects exposure to chronic stress. High AL has been related to poorer health outcomes including mortality. We examine here the association of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with AL. Additionally, we investigate the extent to which AL is genetically determined. We included 803 participants (52% women, mean age 48±16years) from a population and family-based Swiss study. We computed an AL index aggregating 14 markers from cardiovascular, metabolic, lipidic, oxidative, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and inflammatory homeostatic axes. Education and occupational position were used as indicators of socioeconomic status. Marital status, stress, alcohol intake, smoking, dietary patterns and physical activity were considered as lifestyle factors. Heritability of AL was estimated by maximum likelihood. Women with a low occupational position had higher AL (low vs. high OR=3.99, 95%CI [1.22;13.05]), while the opposite was observed for men (middle vs. high OR=0.48, 95%CI [0.23;0.99]). Education tended to be inversely associated with AL in both sexes(low vs. high OR=3.54, 95%CI [1.69;7.4]/OR=1.59, 95%CI [0.88;2.90] in women/men). Heavy drinking men as well as women abstaining from alcohol had higher AL than moderate drinkers. Physical activity was protective against AL while high salt intake was related to increased AL risk. The heritability of AL was estimated to be 29.5% ±7.9%. Our results suggest that generalized physiological dysregulation, as measured by AL, is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. The genetic contribution to AL remains modest when compared to the environmental component, which explains approximately 70% of the phenotypic variance.