Notas geomorfológicas sobre un sector del contacto Depresión Central Catalana-Cordillera Prelitoral (alrededores de l'Espluga de Francolí)

En el presente trabajo se exponen los principales resultados obtenidos de una cartografa geommfolgica a escala 1: 50.W, adjuntndose un esquema geolgico y un esquema geomorfdlgito. Se pone de manifiesto las diferencias de modelado entre los Munitany~es de Prades y la Conca de Barkri debido a la teatnica y da ~litologa, la existencia de materiales crioclsticos a I..W m de altitud y su ausencia (no se han encontrado trazas de ellos) ten las zonas bajas, iste describen varios, tipos de evolucin de las cornilsas calcreas, toda una serie de depsitos fluviales y torrenciales escallonados, as como algunos pequeos glacis poco desarrollddos debido a la litologa diel substrato. Por iiiltimo hay un pequeo apartado en que se trata la dinmica aotual teniendo en cuenta las modificaciones introducidas por dl hombre.

Aproximacion a la hidrodinamica de los sistemas hidrotermales Liquido - dominantes asociados a yacimientos de Au-Ag. Aplicacion teorica al sector Almagrera - Herrerias (Almeria)

Los yacimientos epitermales del sector Almagrera-Herrerías parecen originados por un sistema hidrotermal asociado a celdas convectivas superficiales alimentadas por aguas meteóricas/marinas y magmáticas. La simulación matemática de un teórico sistema hidrotermal convectivo muestra la coincidencia entre las zonas mineralizadas conocidas con las zonas de descarga y acumulación de masa predecidas por el modelo. Todo ello, y la existencia de un sistema hidrotermal aún en activo, explica el interés de localizar zonas de descarga del sistema hidrogeológico actual, con el fin de profundizar en la génesis de los yacimientos conocidos y localizar posibles nuevos depósitos.

Sähköisen liiketoiminnan hyödyntäminen Päijät-Hämeen koulutuskonsernin hankintatoiminnassa

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten sähköistä liiketoimintaa hyödynnetään Päijät-Hämeen koulutuskonsernin hankintatoiminnassa. Lisäksi tutkimuken tarkoituksena oli perehtyä julkiseen hankintatoimintaan, erityisesti lainsäädännön sille asettamiin vaatimuksiin ja julkisen hankintaprosessin eri osa-alueisiin. Tutkimuksen teoriaosan alussa tarkastellaan julkista hankintaprosessia ja lainsäädäntöä. Teoriaosassa käsitellään myös sähköisen liiketoiminnan uhkia ja heikkouksia Lisäksi selvitetään tietoverkkojen; Internetin, intranetin ja extranetin mahdollistamat hyödyt hankintatoiminnassa. Pääasiallisena tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin kyselytutkimusta. Tämän lisäksi tehtiin 9 haastattelua. Tutkimus osoitti, että Päijät-Hämeen koulutuskonsernissa käytetään jo tällä hetkellä tietoverkkoja hankintatoiminnassa. Tutkimuksen mukaan suurimmat hyödyt tietoverkkoista ovat ostoprosessin nopeutuminen ja työajan säästöt. Tutkimus osoitti, että Päijät-Hämeen koulutuskonsernissa on kuitenkin hidasteita sähköisen liiketoiminnan hyödyntämisessä. Kyselytutkimuksen mukaan tällaisia hidasteita ovat tällä hetkellä toimittajien passiivisuus ja henkilöstön uskalluksen puute sähköisen liiketoiminnan kokonaisvaltaisessa hyödyntämisessä.

Error de inclinación paleomagnética en materiales aluviales del Oligoceno superior del sector Suroriental de la Cuenca del Ebro (Region Surpirenaica, NE de España).

En el sector suroriental de la Cuenca del Ebro, la inclinación paleomagnética obtenida en las sucesiones aluviales oligocenas es considerablemente menor que la esperable, si se considera la paleolatitud de referencia calculada para esa región durante el Oligoceno. Este error de inclinación puede deberse a diversos factores, como el control hidrodinámica de las partículas magnéticas en el medio deposicional, la compactación diferencial del sedimento durante el enterramiento, o bien a la deformación tectónica. Este trabajo se ha centrado en su estudio en dos sucesiones dominantemente aluviales, donde previamente se había establecido su magnetoestratigrafia. Las litofacies aluviales y lacustres estudiadas se han agrupado en cinco grupos: areniscas grises, areniscas rojas y versicolores, limos rojos, lutitas rojas y calizas. Se ha demostrado la existencia de una correlación entre la abundancia de filosilicatos y el error de inclinación. De esta manera, las litofacies con un bajo porcentaje de filosilicatos (calizas y areniscas grises) presentan errores de unos 5', estadisticarnente no significativos, con respecto a la inclinación de referencia. Por el contrario, en materiales con un porcentaje más elevado de filosilicatos (limos y arcillas) el error puede llegar a los 25'. Este hecho no tiene repercusión en la interpretación de las polaridades magnéticas, pero si en las reconstmcciones palinspásticas y paleogeográficas basadas en los cálculos de paleolatitudes a partir de las paleoinclinaciones. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la necesidad de cautela en la propuesta de conclusiones basadas exclusivamente en este tipo de información.

Electronic transport in low temperature nanocrystalline silicon thin-film transistors obtained by Hot-Wire CVD

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) obtained by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD) at low substrate temperature (150 °C) has been incorporated as the active layer in bottom-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs). These devices were electrically characterised by measuring in vacuum the output and transfer characteristics for different temperatures. The field-effect mobility showed a thermally activated behaviour which could be attributed to carrier trapping at the band tails, as in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), and potential barriers for the electronic transport. Trapped charge at the interfaces of the columns, which are typical in nc-Si:H, would account for these barriers. By using the Levinson technique, the quality of the material at the column boundaries could be studied. Finally, these results were interpreted according to the particular microstructure of nc-Si:H.

Managing the Sick Child in the Era of Declining Malaria Transmission: Development of ALMANACH, an Electronic Algorithm for Appropriate Use of Antimicrobials.

OBJECTIVE: To review the available knowledge on epidemiology and diagnoses of acute infections in children aged 2 to 59 months in primary care setting and develop an electronic algorithm for the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness to reach optimal clinical outcome and rational use of medicines. METHODS: A structured literature review in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review (CDRS) looked for available estimations of diseases prevalence in outpatients aged 2-59 months, and for available evidence on i) accuracy of clinical predictors, and ii) performance of point-of-care tests for targeted diseases. A new algorithm for the management of childhood illness (ALMANACH) was designed based on evidence retrieved and results of a study on etiologies of fever in Tanzanian children outpatients. FINDINGS: The major changes in ALMANACH compared to IMCI (2008 version) are the following: i) assessment of 10 danger signs, ii) classification of non-severe children into febrile and non-febrile illness, the latter receiving no antibiotics, iii) classification of pneumonia based on a respiratory rate threshold of 50 assessed twice for febrile children 12-59 months; iv) malaria rapid diagnostic test performed for all febrile children. In the absence of identified source of fever at the end of the assessment, v) urine dipstick performed for febrile children <2 years to consider urinary tract infection, vi) classification of 'possible typhoid' for febrile children >2 years with abdominal tenderness; and lastly vii) classification of 'likely viral infection' in case of negative results. CONCLUSION: This smartphone-run algorithm based on new evidence and two point-of-care tests should improve the quality of care of <5 year children and lead to more rational use of antimicrobials.

Sobre la compresión alpina en el sector central de las Cadenas Costeras Catalanas

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad el estudio de la compresión alpina en la cobertera mesozoica del sector central de las Cadenas Costeras Catalanas. A nivel microestructural se reconoce un giro de la dirección de compresión en el tiempo, de NW-SE -sincrónica de1 plegamiento de la cadena N-S y NE-W. Si una evolución similar es admitida a nivel del zócalo, puede explicarse la existencia, en los Catalánides, de fallas transversales levógiras. y dextrógiras. Finalmente se com ara la evolución propuesta en el sector central de los Catalániles con la descrita por otros autores en la Cordillera Ibérica y los Pirineos, y se concluye que todo el ámbito NE del Bloque Ibérico ha sufrido una evolución homogenea de la compresión durante el Paleógeno.

Observaciones geomorfológicas en el sector sur del Pla d'Urgell, posible influencia de deformacione tectónica reciente en el origen de esta depresión

Proponemos en esta nota un cambio del trazado del río Corb durante el Cuaternario, lo que nos permite explicar el origen de algunas formaciones aluviales cuaternarias del sur del Pla d'Urgell desligadas de la red de drenaje actual. Este cambio de trazado sera la consecuencia de la inadaptación de este río a la topografía actual, a causa del basculamiento neóñeno hacia el NW del borde de la Depresión Central Catalana.

Olanzapine or chlorpromazine plus lithium in first episode psychotic mania: An 8-week randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Treatment strategies for mental disorders may vary according to illness stage. However no data currently exist to guide treatment in first episode psychotic mania. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy profile of chlorpromazine and olanzapine, as add-on to lithium, in patients with a first episode of psychotic mania, expecting better safety profile and adherence to olanzapine but similar efficacy for both treatments. METHODS: Data from 83 patients were collected in an 8-week randomised controlled trial on clinical variables, side effects, vital signs, and weight. Analyses of treatment differences over time were based on intent-to-treat principles. Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves were used to analyse time-to-event data and mixed effects models repeated measures analysis of variance were used to determine treatment group differences over time on safety and efficacy measures. RESULTS: Ethics committee approval to delay informed consent procedure until recovery from the acute episode allowed the inclusion of 83 patients highly representative of those treated in the public sector. Contrary to our hypotheses, safety profile of both medications was similar. A signal for higher rate (P=.032) and earlier occurrence (P=.043) of mania remission was observed in the olanzapine group which did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Olanzapine and chlorpromazine have a similar safety profile in a uniquely representative cohort of patients with first episode psychotic mania. The possibility for a greater impact of olanzapine on manic symptoms leading to earlier remission of the episode needs exploration in a large sample.

Can the administration be trusted? An analysis of the concept of trust, applied to the public sector

In the first part of this paper, we present the various academic debates and, where applicable, questions that remain open in the literature, particularly regarding the nature of trust, the distinction between trust and trustworthiness, its role in specific relationships and its relationship to control. We then propose a way of demarcating and operationalizing the concepts of trust and trustworthiness. In the second part, on the basis of the conceptual clarifications we present, we put forward a number of "anchor points" regarding how trust is apprehended in the public sector with regard to the various relations hips that can be studied. Schematically, we distinguish between two types of relations hips in the conceptual approach to trust: on one hand, the trust that citizens, or third parties, place in the State or in various public sector authorities or entities, and on the other hand, trust within the State or the public sector, between its various authorities, entities, and actors. While studies have traditionally focused on citizens' trust in their institutions, the findings, limitations and problems observed in public - sector coordination following the reforms associated with New Public Management have also elicited growing interest in the study of trust in the relationships between the various actors within the public sector. Both the theoretical debates we present and our propositions have been extracted and adapted from an empirical comparative study of coordination between various Swiss public - service organizations and their politico - administrative authority. Using the analysis model developed for this specific relationship, between various actors within the public service, and in the light of theoretical elements on which development of this model was based, we propose some avenues for further study - questions that remain open - regarding the consideration and understanding of citizens' trust in the public sector.

CNDOL: A fast and reliable method for the calculation of electronic properties of very large systems. Applications to retinal binding pocket in rhodopsin and gas phase porphine.

Very large molecular systems can be calculated with the so called CNDOL approximate Hamiltonians that have been developed by avoiding oversimplifications and only using a priori parameters and formulas from the simpler NDO methods. A new diagonal monoelectronic term named CNDOL/21 shows great consistency and easier SCF convergence when used together with an appropriate function for charge repulsion energies that is derived from traditional formulas. It is possible to obtain a priori molecular orbitals and electron excitation properties after the configuration interaction of single excited determinants with reliability, maintaining interpretative possibilities even being a simplified Hamiltonian. Tests with some unequivocal gas phase maxima of simple molecules (benzene, furfural, acetaldehyde, hexyl alcohol, methyl amine, 2,5 dimethyl 2,4 hexadiene, and ethyl sulfide) ratify the general quality of this approach in comparison with other methods. The calculation of large systems as porphine in gas phase and a model of the complete retinal binding pocket in rhodopsin with 622 basis functions on 280 atoms at the quantum mechanical level show reliability leading to a resulting first allowed transition in 483 nm, very similar to the known experimental value of 500 nm of "dark state." In this very important case, our model gives a central role in this excitation to a charge transfer from the neighboring Glu(-) counterion to the retinaldehyde polyene chain. Tests with gas phase maxima of some important molecules corroborate the reliability of CNDOL/2 Hamiltonians.

The Electronic Structure of Co-Sputtered Zinc Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films

Zinc indium tin oxide (ZITO) transparent conductive oxide layers were deposited via radio frequency (RF) magnetron co-sputtering at room temperature. A series of samples with gradually varying zinc content was investigated. The samples were characterized with x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS, UPS) to determine the electronic structure of the surface. Valence and conduction bands maxima (VBM, CBM), and work function were determined. The experiments indicate that increasing Zn content results in films with a higher defect rate at the surface leading to the formation of a degenerately doped surface layer if the Zn content surpasses 50%. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate that ZITO is susceptible to ultraviolet light induced work function reduction, similar to what was earlier observed on ITO and TiO2 films.

Precisiones cronoestratigráficas sobre la Fm. Escucha en el sector noroeste de la cuenca del Maestrazgo. Cordillera Ibérica oriental

Uno de los problemas clásicos en el estudio del registro sedimentario cretácico de la Cordillera Ibérica es la datación cronoestratigráfica de los materiales detriticos que subyacen al cretácico superior calcáreo, debido a su carácter continental y de transición. En el presente trabajo se muestrean dos series de la Fm. Escucha situadas en los depocentros de las cubetas de Calanda y de Castellote, para realizar un análisis palinológico de las mismas y compararlo con otros análisis realizados en la cubeta de Traiguera, en donde la edad está contrastada con el contenido en ammonites. Los resultados de este análisis, muestran un contenido en microflora equivalente para las dos series, asi como con las de Benassal, Benifassa, Traiguera y Salom. Este hecho nos lleva a datar a la Fm. Escucha en este sector como Albiense inferior terminal- Albiense medio, con 10 cual se contribuye a aclarar las relaciones estratigráficas entre las formaciones de Escucha, Val de la Piedra y Calizas de Benassal.

Electronic properties of a quantum wire with arbitrary bending angle

The electron transmission and bound state properties of a quantum wire with a sharp bend at arbitrary angle are studied, extending results on the right angle sharp bend (the L¿shaped wire). These new results are compared to those of a similar structure, the circular bend wire. The possibility of using a bent wire to perform transistor action is also discussed.