Uso de bifosfonatos en ratas Wistar como anclaje farmacológico para evitar la erupción fisiológica de incisivos.

Propósito: El anclaje y la etapa de retención en ortodoncia juegan un papel importante y determinante para el resultado de una oclusión funcional y estable. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar el uso de bifosfonatos de forma local, para proveer anclaje farmacológico a nivel local. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 3 grupos de ratas Wistar de 12 semanas de edad, dos grupos experimentales a los cuales se les colocaron 2 bifosfonatos diferentes (zoledronato y ODX) durante 1 mes cada tercer día, y 1 grupo control al cual sólo se le colocó solución salina en el mismo intervalo de tiempo. Se tomaron radiografías en 4 tiempos. Al inicio del experimento (T0), al mes cuando se realizó desgaste de 1mm de dientes superiores e inferiores (T1), una semana posterior al desgaste (T2), 15 días después del desgaste dentario (T3). Para evaluar la extrusión de incisivos. Cortes histológicos de la zona de la aplicación y órganos fueron estudiados. Contribuciones y conclusiones: Se encontró que la aplicación de bifosfonatos de manera local entre los incisivos inferiores de las ratas wistar durante 1 mes, no fue efectivo para detener el crecimiento normal que sufren estos dientes de manera ordinaria provocada por el desgaste al roer el alimento y que al cabo de 1 mes posterior al desgaste estos volvían a la longitud inicial en los grupos experimentales como en el control. Histológicamente se observaron cambios favorables presentando ambos medicamentos un hueso más mineralizado con ausencia de osteoclastos. Zoledronato mostro más agresividad en hueso y órganos.

Estudio de factibilidad técnico económico para el mantenimiento del complejo deportivo de la Universidad de El Salvador.

En El Salvador, el deporte ha sido una faceta que mayor crecimiento ha tenido en estas últimas décadas; permitiendo destacar atletas competitivos a través de eventos nacionales e internacionales; en el orden de las ideas anteriores el país ha sido elegido como sede y organizador de los XIX Juegos Deportivos Centroamericanos y del Caribe 2002. Por consiguiente, la Universidad de El Salvador, se ve involucrada en el desarrollo de la fiesta deportiva, siendo designada como Villa olímpica; impulsando para dicho evento cambios estructurales, a través de las construcciones y reconstrucciones de edificios, así como la construcción del Complejo Deportivo dentro del Campus Central, que será un legado para la población estudiantil. En este sentido, el objetivo principal de la presente investigación consiste en elaborar un estudio de Factibilidad Técnico-Económico para el Mantenimiento de dichas instalaciones deportivas, el cual servirá de apoyo para que las Autoridades Universitarias tomen las decisiones adecuadas para el normal funcionamiento de las mismas. Este contexto es fundamental para su realización, el desarrollo teórico de los diferentes estudios que conlleven a establecer la rentabilidad del proyecto. Para el desarrollo de la investigación de campo, fue necesario el diseño de encuestas y entrevistas orientadas a estudiantes y a las Autoridades responsables del funcionamiento del Complejo deportivo; así también a personas relacionadas con la administración de las diferentes instalaciones deportivas de las que dispone el Instituto Nacional de los Deportes (INDES); obteniendo datos e información relevante para el desarrollo de la propuesta. De este estudio se extraen los resultados que muestran la demanda que tendrán las diferentes disciplinas deportivas; además las formas de pago por el uso de las instalaciones y los horarios de atención a los usuarios. También se detalla el mobiliario y equipo para el funcionamiento de los escenarios deportivos; sus respectivos costos e ingresos reflejados en el flujo de fondos correspondiente; posteriormente se evalúa el proyecto. A partir de los estudios antes mencionados y realizada la evaluación, se indica a continuación las principales conclusiones: La Universidad de El Salvador deberá establecer un proceso que contribuya a la selección del personal idóneo, para la administración eficiente del Complejo Deportivo. Otro aspecto importante que se infiere del estudio es el de gestionar un convenio con el Instituto Nacional de los Deportes (INDES), siendo esta una entidad con la finalidad de fomentar el deporte, por lo tanto es la indicada para apoyar a la Universidad en la administración del Complejo Deportivo. La Piscina Olímpica y el Estadio Universitario serán los escenarios que requerirán de un mantenimiento riguroso, para conservarlos en buen estado. El proyecto permitirá que las autoridades Universitarias, evalúen la propuesta y tomen las decisiones adecuadas para la administración eficiente de la infraestructura deportiva de que dispondrá la Universidad de El Salvador.

Geografia da dominação: um estudo sobre a organização espacial da terra do sal (Macau-RN)

This work aims to understand the spatial organization in the Town of Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This approach focus on bringing back the history of the town, the main personages responsible for the construction of this place, denominated "social agents", as well as its social processes and the spatial forms derived from them. As the personages and their practices were identified, it was found out the existence of a driving force for structuring, interlocking, and maintaining the actions carried out by the social agents during the time. Such actions were materialized in the urban space: "the social segregation". The social segregation takes place as a specific geography of domination. The outcome of those owning the best areas" and ways of accessibility in the urban space, varies from the enrichment by property valorization, because of the concentration of public investments of infrastructure, to the comfort of easily reaching all the daily needs related to the displacements in the urban space. In the latter case, such facility has contributed to improve life quality. While one takes advantage of the location in the urban space, others are negatively affected by the same process. This research identified the salina worker as the weakest element of this social structure, occupying the urban periphery of the town of Macau. Such area is characterized by the lack of services and urban equipment in opposition to the center of the town, the locus of elite. This way, it is established the most known segregation pattern: center x periphery, in which the space acts as a mechanism of segregation

Antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of isoprenoids from the red sea soft coral, Lobophytum sp

Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the secondary metabolites of Lobophytum sp. Methods: Maceration with methanol: chloroform (1:1) was applied to extract the coral material. Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were employed for fractionation, isolation and elucidation of pure compounds. Antibacterial activities were performed by well diffusion method against three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. Brine shrimp lethality test was employed to predict toxicity, while antitumor activity were tested by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method against Ehrlich carcinoma cells. Results: Four sesquiterpenes, one cembranoid type diterpenes and two steroids were isolated. 1 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against four tested bacteria (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermis, and S. pneumonia) with MIC value of 15 μg/mL. Moreover, 1 showed high diameter zone of inhibition ranging from 16 - 18 mm against test bacteria. Compounds 4 and 5 displayed moderate antibacterial activity against all test bacteria with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 11 – 15 mm and MIC values of 30 μg/mL. 2, 3, 6 and 7 exhibited weak antibacterial activity (IZD, 7 - 11 mm; MIC ≥ 30 μg/mL). In addition, only diterpene compound (4) showed high toxicity against A. Salina and antitumor activity against Erhlich carcinoma cells with the LD50 of 25 and 50 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: This study reveals the strong antibacterial activity of sesquiterpene alismol (1) and the potential antibacterial and antitumor activity of cembranoid type diterpene, cembrene A (4).

Sodium bicarbonate versus isotonic saline solution to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury and increased hospital-acquired morbidity and mortality. The use of sodium bicarbonate for nephroprotection has emerged as a preventative strategy; however, its efficacy is controversial compared to other strategies, such as hydration using 0.9% saline solution. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate vs. hydration using 0.9% saline solution to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Methods: A systematic review of studies registered in the COCHRANE, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, SCIELO and EMBASE databases was conducted. Randomized controlled studies that evaluated the use of 0.9% saline solution vs. sodium bicarbonate to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy were included. Results: A total of 22 studies (5,686 patients) were included. Sodium bicarbonate did not decrease the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (RD= 0.00; 95% CI= -0.02 to 0.03; p= 0.83; I2= 0%). No significant differences were found in the demand for renal replacement therapy (RD= 0.00; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0-01; I2= 0%; p= 0.99) or in mortality (RD= -0.00; 95% CI= -0.001 to 0.001; I2= 0%; p= 0.51). Conclusions: Sodium bicarbonate administration is not superior to the use of 0.9% saline solution for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with risk factors, nor is it better at reducing mortality or the need for renal replacement therapy.

Avaliação da espécie vegetal Croton cajucara Benth como inibidor de biocorrosão em aço carbono Aisi 1020

Actually in the oil industry biotechnological approaches represent a challenge. In that, attention to metal structures affected by electrochemical corrosive processes, as well as by the interference of microorganisms (biocorrosion) which affect the kinetics of the environment / metal interface. Regarding to economical and environmental impacts reduction let to the use of natural products as an alternative to toxic synthetic inhibitors. This study aims the employment of green chemistry by evaluating the stem bark extracts (EHC, hydroalcoholic extract) and leaves (ECF, chloroform extract) of plant species Croton cajucara Benth as a corrosion inhibitor. In addition the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition of bioactive trans-clerodane dehydrocrotonin (DCTN) isolated from the stem bark of this Croton was also evaluated. For this purpose, carbon steel AISI 1020 was immersed in saline media (3,5 % NaCl) in the presence and absence of a microorganism recovered from a pipeline oil sample. Corrosion inhibition efficiency and its mechanisms were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance. Culture-dependent and molecular biology techniques were used to characterize and identify bacterial species present in oil samples. The tested natural products EHC, ECF and DCTN (DMSO as solvent) in abiotic environment presented respectively, corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 57.6% (500 ppm), 86.1% (500 ppm) and 54.5% (62.5 ppm). Adsorption phenomena showed that EHC best fit Frumkin isotherm and ECF to Temkin isotherm. EHC extract (250 ppm) dissolved in a polar microemulsion system (MES-EHC) showed significant maximum inhibition efficiency (93.8%) fitting Langmuir isotherm. In the presence of the isolated Pseudomonas sp, EHC and ECF were able to form eco-compatible organic films with anti-corrosive properties

Análise da estrutura e transporte do zooplâncton no estuário do Rio Caravelas (Bahia-Brasil) através do uso do zooscan

Spatial-temporal dynamics of zooplankton in the Caravelas river estuary (Bahia, Brazil). The survey was conducted in order to describe the zooplankton community of the estuary Caravelas (Bahia, Brazil), to quantify and relate the patterns of horizontal and vertical transport with the type of tide (neap and spring) and tidal phase (flood and ebb). Zooplankton samples were collected with the aid of a suction pump (300L), filtered in plankton nets (300μm) and fixed in saline formalin 4%. Samples were collected at a fixed point (A1), near the mouth of the estuary, with samples taken at neap tides and spring tides during the dry and rainy seasons. Samples were collected for 13 hours, at intervals of 1 hour in 3 depths: surface, middle and bottom. Simultaneous collection of biological, we measured the current velocity, temperature and salinity of the water through CTD. In the laboratory, samples were selected for analysis in estereomicroscope, with 25 groups identified, with Copepoda getting the highest number of species. The 168 samples obtained from temporal samples were subsampled and processed on equipment ZooScan, with the aid of software ZooProcess at the end were generated 458.997 vingnettes. 8 taxa were identified automatically, with 16 classified as a semi-automatic. The group Copepoda, despite the limited taxonomic refinement ZooScan, obtained 2 genera and 1 species identified automatically. Among the seasons dry and wet groups Brachyura (zoea), Chaetognatha, and the Calanoid copepods (others), Temora spp., Oithona spp. and Euterpina acutifrons were those who had higher frequency of occurrence, appearing in more than 70% of the samples. Copepoda group showed the largest percentage of relative abundance in both seasons. There was no seasonal variation of total zooplankton, with an average density of 7826±4219 org.m-3 in the dry season, and 7959±3675 org.m-3 in the rainy season, neither between the types and phases of the tides, but seasonal differences were significant recorded for the main zooplankton groups. Vertical stratification was seen for the major zooplankton groups (Brachyura, Chaetognatha, Calanoida (other), Oithona spp, Temora spp. e Euterpina acutifrons). The scale of this stratification varied with the type (square or tide) and tidal phase (flood or ebb). The instantaneous transport was more influenced by current velocity, with higher values observed in spring tides to the total zooplankton, however, there was a variation of this pattern depending on the zooplankton group. According to the data import and export of total zooplankton, the outflow of organisms of the estuary was higher than the input. The results suggest that the estuary of Caravelas may influence the dynamics of organic matter to the adjacent coast, with possible consequences in National Marine Park of Abrolhos

Avaliação espaço-temporal do zooplâncton da laguna estuarina de Guaraíras (RN, Brasil)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Sincronização de estro com CIDR reutilizado em cabras lactantes da raça Toggenburg tratadas com somatotropina bovina recombinante (r-bST).

Avaliou-se a resposta de cabras tratadas com r-bST no protocolo de sincronização de estro. Foram utilizadas 26 cabras Toggenburg, divididas em dois tratamentos: T1 (n=13), tratadas com quatro injeções de ..250mg de rbST, a intervalos de 14 dias, e T2 (n=13), tratadas com solução salina (controle). Na semana seguinte à última injeção da r-bST, colocou-se o dispositivo intravaginal com progesterona (dia 0), previamente utilizado por cinco dias, e injetou-se PGF2.. (22,5µg) nos animais dos dois tratamentos, e o dispositivo foi retirado no dia 6. Todas as fêmeas em estro foram submetidas à monta natural. A porcentagem de animais em estro e a taxa de gestação foram 76,9 e 70,0 e 84,6 e 72,7%, no T1 e T2, respectivamente. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) na duração do estro, no intervalo tratamento-início do estro, no número de ovulações, nos intervalos: início e final do estro à ovulação e retirada do dispositivo à ovulação entre os animais dos dois tratamentos. O diâmetro médio dos folículos ovulatórios das fêmeas não diferiu (P>0,05). Durante a permanência do dispositivo, as concentrações séricas de progesterona apresentaram valores semelhantes (P>0,05) entre as cabras de T1 e T2. A r-bST não afetou a sincronização de estro.

Meios de transporte de dentes avulsionados

A avulsão dentária é um dos mais severos traumatismos dento-alveolares, caracterizado pela desinserção completa do dente do seu ambiente natural, o alvéolo. O prognóstico desta condição traumática depende em grande escala da atitude adoptada no momento do acidente. No entanto, quando o reposicionamento dentário imediato não é possível, factores como o tempo que o dente permaneceu no meio extra-oral e o meio de transporte utilizado influenciam consideravelmente o prognóstico da peça dentária avulsionada. A elaboração deste trabalho tem como objectivo verificar o estado actual da investigação científica relativamente aos meios de transporte de dentes avulsionados, nomeadamente, indagar sobre os potenciais meios de transporte actualmente em estudo. Foi efectuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica digital, na base de dados PUBMED, com os seguintes termos de pesquisa: “tooth avulsion”, “storage media”, “tooth reimplantation” e “delayed reimplantation” isoladamente ou em combinação. Para a selecção dos artigos foram estipulados critérios de inclusão e exclusão na pesquisa bibliográfica. Existem soluções especificamente concebidas para a conservação e preservação de células humanas, que idealmente deveriam ser sempre utilizadas como meios de transporte de dentes avulsionados, tais como: solução balanceada de Hank, Viaspan®, Eurocollins® e determinados meios de cultura. São soluções que apresentam propriedades biofísico-químicas que os levam a ser considerados meios de transporte de eleição. No entanto, a sua escassa disponibilidade no momento da avulsão desperta a necessidade pela investigação de outros meios, nomeadamente, soluções que apresentem nesse contexto maior disponibilidade. O leite, a saliva, a solução salina e o Gatorade® continuam a representar meios alternativos para o transporte de dentes avulsionados, porém, outras soluções emergentes apresentam características biológicas que as remetem para meios de transporte promissores como por exemplo: solução de propólis, o chá verde, o extracto de aloe Vera, água de côco, clara de ovo, extracto de amora, sumo de romã, salvia officinalis e Ricetral®. Evidencia-se, com este trabalho, a necessidade de estudos futuros nesta área de modo a que meios de transporte que actualmente pensa-se poderem ser extremamente efectivos na manutenção da viabilidade célular e com ampla disponibilidade, possam ser utilizados de forma segura e vantajosa para o paciente, nomeadamente, garantindo melhores prognósticos em situações de reimplantação dentária.

Variedades experimentais de sorgo forrageiro no semiárido brasileiro: parâmetros genéticos de produção em solos salinos.

2016