Social justice in education : how the function of selection in educational institutions predicts support for (non)egalitarian assessment practices

Educational institutions are considered a keystone for the establishment of a meritocratic society. They supposedly serve two functions: an educational function that promotes learning for all, and a selection function that sorts individuals into different programs, and ultimately social positions, based on individual merit. We study how the function of selection relates to support for assessment practices known to harm vs. benefit lower status students, through the perceived justice principles underlying these practices. We study two assessment practices: normative assessment-focused on ranking and social comparison, known to hinder the success of lower status students-and formative assessment-focused on learning and improvement, known to benefit lower status students. Normative assessment is usually perceived as relying on an equity principle, with rewards being allocated based on merit and should thus appear as positively associated with the function of selection. Formative assessment is usually perceived as relying on corrective justice that aims to ensure equality of outcomes by considering students' needs, which makes it less suitable for the function of selection. A questionnaire measuring these constructs was administered to university students. Results showed that believing that education is intended to select the best students positively predicts support for normative assessment, through increased perception of its reliance on equity, and negatively predicts support for formative assessment, through reduced perception of its ability to establish corrective justice. This study suggests that the belief in the function of selection as inherent to educational institutions can contribute to the reproduction of social inequalities by preventing change from assessment practices known to disadvantage lowerstatus student, namely normative assessment, to more favorable practices, namely formative assessment, and by promoting matching beliefs in justice principles.

Oppilaitoksen asiakaslähtöinen laatu

Tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää aikuisoppilaitoksen palvelun laatu opiskelijoiden keskuudessa. Tutkielma jakaantuu teoreettiseen sekä empiiriseen osuuteen ja on luonteeltaan nomoteettista tutkimusta. Tutkielman teoreettisessa osuudessa lähestytään tutkimusongelmaa kuvaamalla palvelun laadun käsitettä yleisesti sekä erikseen koulutuspalveluiden ja ammatillisen aikuiskoulutuksen palvelun laadun erityispiirteitä. Palvelun laadun muodostumista käsitellään eri laatumallien avulla. Palvelun laadun kehittämistä lähestytään julkisen sektorin ja koulutuksen laadun kehittymisen näkökulmasta. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat myös käsitteet asiakaslähtöisyys ja asiakkuus sekä laatu koulutuksen kontekstissa. Koulutuspalvelujen laadun kehittämisen lähtökohtana on johtaminen. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan laatujohtamista ja osaamisen johtamista sekä niiden käytännön sovelluksia, erityisesti koulutuspalveluiden laadun kehittämisen näkökulmasta. Empiirisessä osuudessa selvitetään Tampereen Aikuiskoulutuskeskuksen Tietohallinto –ja yritystoiminnan toimialan opiskelijoiden käsitystä oppilaitoksen palvelun laadusta. Kyselylomake laadittiin Parasuramanin, Zeithamlin ja Berryn kymmenkohtaisen palvelun laatu-ulottuvuusluokittelun pohjalta. Tutkimusaineisto tallennettiin ja käsiteltiin SPSS For Windows –ohjelmalla. Analyysimenetelminä käytettiin yksiulotteisia jakaumia ja keskiarvoja. Tutkimustulosten perusteella oppilaitoksen palvelun laadun vahvuuksia ovat fyysinen opetusympäristö, turvallisuus ja oppilaitoksen hyvä sijainti. Eniten kehittämistä edellyttäviä alueita ovat empatia, henkilökunnan tavoitettavuus ja viestintä Tutkimustulokset antavat hyvän lähtökohdan toimenpide-ehdotuksille ja laadun edelleen kehittämiselle.

Maintenance process development for remote administration of network servers

Maintenance is a part of system development and it is possible to develop operation models for accomplishing maintenance tasks. These models can be applied to individual maintenance tasks, maintenance projects and version management. Beneficial operation models makes maintenance more effective and they assist in managing various changes. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a maintenance process which can be used to remote administer network servers. This consisted of defining those operation models and technical specifications which enable to set up, manage changes, maintain and monitor resources of information systems that are located in several different sites. At first in this thesis the needs of the process were determined and requirements were defined based on those needs. The meaning of processes in maintenance of information systems, maintenance workflows and challenges were studied. Then current practical problems and disadvantages of maintenance work were analyzed in order to focus the development to proper issues. Because available operation models did not cover all the recent needs, new maintenance process which fulfilled the requirements was developed.

From Educational Segregation to Transformative Inclusion

Recent studies conducted in Europe using communicative methodology highlight that different ways of grouping students has a direct effect on their academic output. This article analyzes how said research methodology identifies and analyzes those student groupings that provide greater academic success and improve classroom coexistence at Spanish educational centers. Said methodology entails all of the research participants researchers, teachers, families, and students reflecting on the consequences of streaming, mixture, and inclusion for student academic achievement. Following this, our conclusions are compared with the policies and educational practices implemented in Spanish schools, which are not based on scientific knowledge and do not usually lead to academic success. Finally, recommendations are presented for future educational policies with the aim of providing an alternative for teachers and educational managers that would substantially improve student academic success.

Is Inefficiency under control in the Justice Administration?

Efficiency in the administration of justice is found to increase over time, while the variation in the efficiency of the courts tended to remain low and fall over time. This would appear to be good news, at least for the case studied here: the civil courts of first instance in Spain between 2005 and 2009. Apart from the simple passing of time, the percentage of temporary judges in the system also determines some of the differences in efficiency between courts over time. Thus, we find that the greater the percentage of temporary judges, the lower is the efficiency of the courts. Overall, the average relative efficiency level for the period 2005 to 2009 was 97.46%, suggesting the matter is under control.

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1919 (SER2,T14).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1879 (A4,N5)-1880.

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1904 (SER2,T3,FASC1).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1892 (N15,A20)-1896.

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

Variante(s) de titre : Ecole supérieure de l'agriculture

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1929 (SER2,T24)-1931.

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1891 (A16,N14 (DOUBLE))-1892.

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1927 (SER2,T20).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1903 (SER2,T1).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1908 (SER2,T7,FASC1).