Concentration in liner shipping: its causes and impacts for ports and shipping services in developing regions

Includes bibliography

Densidade e resistência a antimicrobianos de Enterococcus sp e Escherichia coli isoladas de águas, areias e algas do gênero Sargassum de praias recreacionais do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Selantes de fóssulas e fissuras: influência da aplicação prévia de um adesivo autocondicionante ou do condicionamento com ácido fosfórico na formação dos tags resinosos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Transformações na estrutura produtiva do aglomerado metropolitano de Curitiba

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Usinagem a verde voltada à melhoria da distorção e acabamento superficial de cerâmicas sinterizadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Concentration in liner shipping

Containerization, telecommunication, globalization and privatization are among the most important recent trends that have affected shipping. Concentration is another trend which is expected to have a major impact. This refers to the increasing control in the hands of a small number of companies who hold an increasing market share. Although at first this process may be associated with dominant positions and abuse of monopoly power, in reality, the advantages for the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean should by far outweigh the disadvantages. This edition of the FAL Bulletin presents some of the findings of a recent study prepared by the ECLAC Transport Unit, entitled, Concentration in liner shipping - its causes and impacts for ports and shipping services in developing regions, LC/G.2027 , August 1998.

The opportunities and risks associated with privatizing railways in Latin America

Most railways in Latin America were built by private firms, often foreign owned. Over time, owing to a combination of nationalizations and competition from road transport, virtually all railways passed into government hands; the railroad industry became more and more of a white elephant for the Government because of the ever-increasing subsidies it swallowed up, its dwindling role in national economies, and a conviction that Governments should not be involved in productive activities. Consequently, the late 1980s saw the start of a trend towards denationalization of railways, with the latter being turned over to private, often foreign, interests. In this way, the railway industry in Latin America has come full circle in the space of 150 years. So far, there has not been any assessment of the recent privatization of railways in Latin America. However, the conclusion would probably be that: (i) privatization has on the whole been successful, and (ii) the results achieved would have been more positive still, had some things been done slightly differently. One problem is that the bidding process has failed to take into account the positive externalities associated with railways, such as the contribution they make to reducing road maintenance costs and environmental damage caused by road transport. Another unresolved issue is whether to put the entire railway system up for tender, or to invite separate bids for infrastructure and services. Economies of scale operate in the railway industry, favouring the existence of a number of rail companies. In the past, the railway companies of neighbouring countries such as Argentina and Paraguay, and Bolivia and Chile, enjoyed ties at director level, but these came to an end with the nationalization of railways. Now that the era of State involvement is itself drawing to a close, we can expect to see the formation of integrated railway systems, one of which might extend from Quijarro, on the border between Bolivia and Brazil, to Puerto Montt in the south of Chile.

A indústria de calçados de Birigui: origem, reestruturação produtiva e formação de uma economia de aglomeração

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

ECLAC Notes Nº 20

Special Issue:Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and theCaribbean 2001 Regional Panorama Op-ed: The Third Economic Crisis in Less Than a Decade (Jose Antonio Ocampo, Executive Secretary of ECLAC). The External Sector The After-Effects of 11 September Macroeconomic Policy and Reforms Succession of Crises Domestic Performance Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar

ECLAC Notes Nº 2

Preliminary overview of the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 1998 Regional panorama Macroeconomic policy Domestic economic performance External sector Statistical appendix Opinion: The Latin American economy in 1998 Recent titles Calendar

ECLAC Notes Nº 32

Special Issue: Preliminay Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003 Regional Overview Op-ed by José Luis Machinea, ECLAC's Executive Secretary. Reflections on the Improved Scenario Expected for This Year The External Sector Latin America and the Caribbean: Trade Negotiations Macroeconomic Policy Internal Performance Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar of Events

ECLAC Notes Nº 50

Special Issue on the Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2006 Regional overview "Cautious optimism" sums up growth in Latin America and the Caribbean today. Column by ECLAC's Executive Secretary, José Luis Machinea The international environment and external sector Macroeconomic policy Domestic performance Region consolidates gains in fiscal accounts Statistical appendix Recent titles Calendar

ECLAC Notes Nº 56

Special issue about the Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2007 Regional Panorama Opinion by ECLAC's Executive Secretary, José Luis Machinea. Taking Advantage of the Favourable Scenario to Consolidate Economic Growth Macroeconomic Policy Domestic Performance External Sector Macroeconomic Management Should Make the Most of Growth Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar of events

ECLAC Notes Nº 8

Preliminary overview of the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 1999Regional panoramaOpinion: The Latin American economy in 1999External sectorLow prices and decline in intraregional trade cause a reduction in exportsMacroeconomic policy and reformExchange rate policies become more flexibleDomestic performanceStatistical appendix Recent titlesCalendar

ECLAC Notes Nº 26

Special Issue: Preliminay Overview of the Economies of Latin America and theCaribbean, 2002 Regional Outlook Op-ed by José Antonio Ocampo, ECLAC's Executive Secretary. The Latin American Economy: A Change in Direction? The External Sector Proposals for Restructuring Foreign Debt Macroeconomic Policy Domestic Performance Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar of Events