La gimnasia en la construcción de los estados. Dispositivos de control

Fil: Napolitano, María Emilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Formación de tutores en la educación superior universitaria : Perspectivas, dispositivos y estrategias en programas nacionales y locales implementados en dos facultades de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata

Los programas de tutorías en la educación superior universitaria tienen una creciente visibilidad en el marco de políticas de inclusión implementadas en las universidades públicas a partir de la masificación de este nivel y del acceso de un estudiantado heterogéneo en lo social, cultural, educativo, que perfila un público distinto al tradicional. Los cambios cuantitativos y cualitativos en la matrícula traen aparejadas interpelaciones a las estructuras y prácticas del modelo académico clásico, y las instituciones generaron servicios de orientación y tutoría dirigidos al estudiante de ingreso y de los primeros años, con fines de acompañamiento, apoyo y compensación de saberes. En este marco emergieron también nuevas figuras: la del tutor-par o la del docente-tutor, desafiados a asumir roles complejos y de perfil difuso, a la vez que tensionados por múltiples significados, expectativas, incluso resistencias de distintos actores a la incorporación de tutorías. En ese marco, nos preguntamos: ¿Qué lugar se le ha asignado a la formación específica para la función tutorial en programas, nacionales y locales, que incluyen tutorías de inicio de carrera? En este trabajo examinamos discursos teóricos y enfoques de formación de tutores con la finalidad de interpretar planes y prácticas concretas de capacitación de dos Unidades Académicas de la UNLP.

Dispositivos de enseñanza en los procesos de formación docente : La prevalencia de la normalidad

Me propongo analizar algunos aspectos que se encuentran presentes en los procesos de formación docente inicial en el nivel superior. Mi mirada se centrará en indagar cómo los dispositivos de control y/o dispositivos didácticos presentes en las prácticas docentes del nivel superior configuran criterios de normalidad en la enseñanza. Inicialmente indagaré posibles relaciones entre los dispositivos de enseñanza y la configuración de criterios de normalidad, en tanto estos dispositivos influyen en el modo de trabajar como docente, y conforman la biografía escolar, para luego analizar concretamente cómo éstos contribuyen en los futuros docentes a construir distintas trayectorias escolares en la educación primaria obligatoria. La indagación comienza con la conformación histórica de los dispositivos de enseñanza a escala nacional en los cuales prevaleció una mirada homogeneizadora y de normalidad sobre los sujetos; y continúa con el análisis de cómo ésta mirada universal sobre la enseñanza y la infancia se configura en las trayectorias formativas de quienes serán docentes

Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Encapsulamento para Integração em Protótipos de Vestuário/Têxtil

A monitorização de sinais vitais é uma ferramenta essencial da medicina, principalmente no que se relaciona com a avaliação do estado físico de qualquer indivíduo. As ferramentas foram evoluindo ao longo do tempo, tendo a tecnologia desempenhado um papel central na melhoria do seu desempenho. Apesar destes dispositivos estarem intimamente ligados ao contexto médico, as mudanças no estilo de vida no consumo dos utilizadores fizeram com que estas ferramentas passassem a fazer parte do quotidiano. O paradigma alterou-se, ou seja, quando eram utilizadas exclusivamente para fins médicos, agora são também usados para actividades relacionadas com o lazer e desporto. A preocupação com a monitorização de sinais vitais cresceu nos últimos anos, pois a interpretação correcta destes dados permite intervir em certos aspectos da rotina diária, melhorando a qualidade de vida. A portabilidade tornou-se um factor importante uma vez que grande parte dos utilizadores, associa estes dispositivos à sua actividade física. Desta necessidade surgem novos tipos de produtos, que inclusivamente são associados e integrados em peças de vestuário. Este factor obriga a tecnologia a miniaturizar os componentes, no sentido de tornar possivel o funcionamento destes produtos em qualquer lugar e hora. Por outro lado, quanto menos intrusivo for o dispositivo melhor conforto e funcionalidade oferece ao utilizador. Assim sendo, a disciplina do design deve ter em conta as premissas de funcionamento dos diferentes componentes que permitem recolher dados sobre os sinais vitais: batimento cardíaco e temperatura. A intervenção da disciplina do design nesta investigação passa pelo re-design de um dispositivo existente, que é analisado no seu desempenho funcional, ergonómico e estético. O dispositivo em questão é portátil e colocado na zona inferior da perna, acima do tornozelo. Todas as envolvências ergonómicas e funcionais são tomadas em conta para a concepção de hipóteses que incrementem a performance do dispositivo. A integração de componentes e a avaliação funcional são mais eficazes quando se utilizam técnicas de prototipagem, que permitem uma visão efectiva da realidade. Para melhor conceber as propostas, e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre estas técnicas realizaram-se testes com o objectivo de aferir a precisão e a qualidade do acabamento das superfícies das peças prototipadas. No sentido de criar uma proposta final, são criadas várias hipóteses de solução que são avaliadas segundo a detecção de problemas, bem como através do contacto com os utilizadores. Ao longo da investigação as propostas evoluem, culminando naquela que é apresentada como uma proposta optimizada, que aglutina todo o levantamento literário, testes, e análises feitas durante a construção do documento.

Modelo de interoperabilidade para utilização dos recursos dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem através de dispositivos móveis

The technological evolution has been making the Distance Education accessible for a greater number of citizens anytime and anywhere. The potential increase of the supply for mobile devices integrated to mobile learning environments allows that the information comes out of the physical environment, creating opportunities for students and teachers to create geographically distributed learning scenarios. However, many applications developed for these environments remain isolated from each other and do not become integrated sufficiently into the virtual learning environments (AVA). This dissertation presents an interoperability model between mobile devices and distinct AVA based on webservices. For the conception of this model, requirements engineering and software architecture techniques were used. With the goal of showing the model viability, a mobile application focused on surveys has been developed, and additionally, the main functionalities related to the interoperability were tested

Investigando a compressão da percepção de distância em ambientes virtuais através da comparação entre dispositivos de visualização

The correct distance perception is important for executing various interactive tasks such as navigation, selection and manipulation. It is known, however, that, in general, there is a significant distance perception compression in virtual environments, mainly when using Head-Mounted Displays - HMDs. This perceived distance compression may bring various problems to the applications and even affect in a negative way the utility of those applications that depends on the correct judgment of distances. The scientific community, so far, have not been able to determine the causes of the distance perception compression in virtual environments. For this reason, it was the objective of this work to investigate, through experiments with users, the influence of both the field-of-view - FoV - and the distance estimation methods on this perceived compression. For that, an experimental comparison between the my3D device and a HMD, using 32 participants, seeking to find information on the causes of the compressed perception, was executed. The results showed that the my3D has inferior capabilities when compared to the HMD, resulting in worst estimations, on average, in both the tested estimation methods. The causes of that are believed to be the incorrect stimulus of the peripheral vision of the user, the smaller FoV and the smaller immersion sense, as described by the participants of the experiment.

Conhecimento da doença renal crônica entre médicos conforme as diretrizes práticas

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, with increasing prevalence in its terminal stage and one of the factors that can contribute is the failure to recognize the disease and its risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of medical residents (MR) and medical preceptors (MP) in hospitals in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Natal-RN - Brazil, on the DRC, based on the policy of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO ). METHODS: Cross-sectional study where 64 MR (R1 = 32; R2 = 15; R3 = 17) and 63 MP answered a questionnaire divided into seven sessions that addressed aspects of the DRC since the setting up referral to a nephrologist. RESULTS: Only 20 participants (15.7%) reported using any guidelines for the management of CKD. The scores obtained by session were: Definition and classification (46.1 ± 47.8); Risk factors (70.5 ± 27.9); Laboratory evaluation (58.2 ± 8.8); Clinical action plan (57.6 ± 19.9); Reduction in proteinuria (68.3 ± 15.0); Complications (64.8 ± 19.9); Referral to a nephrologist (73.0 ± 44.6). There was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge of MR and MP in the sessions: Laboratory evaluation (MR 61.5 ± 8.4 vs 54.8 ± 7.9 MP; p <0.001); Reduction in proteinuria (73.1 ± 11.4 vs MR MP 63.5 ± 16.7; p <0.001) and Referral to a nephrologist (MR 81.2 ± 39.3 vs 64.5 ± 48.2 MP; p = 0.035). Among the MR, the R2 obtained the best score (63.9 ± 22.6 vs R1 R2 R3 71.9 ± 17.2 vs 63.5 ± 22.5, p = 0.445). It identified a low percentage of success of the doctors on the definition of CKD (MP = 46%; R1 = 40.6%; R2 = 60%; R3 = 52.9%; p = 0.623) and classification (MP = 34.9%; R1 = 53.1%, R2 = 60%; R3 = 52.9%; p = 0.158). CONCLUSION: The study showed that most doctors do not use any guidelines for clinical management of CKD and that there are gaps in knowledge on the subject, even among physicians who work in the university environment. In this sense, we propose the realization of mini-workshops for participants and students from boarding UFRN, using Case-Based Learning Strategy (CBL), with small group discussion, to strengthen the incorporation of CKD guidelines in undergraduate teaching and in clinical medical practice in general.

Conhecimento da doença renal crônica entre médicos conforme as diretrizes práticas

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, with increasing prevalence in its terminal stage and one of the factors that can contribute is the failure to recognize the disease and its risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of medical residents (MR) and medical preceptors (MP) in hospitals in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Natal-RN - Brazil, on the DRC, based on the policy of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO ). METHODS: Cross-sectional study where 64 MR (R1 = 32; R2 = 15; R3 = 17) and 63 MP answered a questionnaire divided into seven sessions that addressed aspects of the DRC since the setting up referral to a nephrologist. RESULTS: Only 20 participants (15.7%) reported using any guidelines for the management of CKD. The scores obtained by session were: Definition and classification (46.1 ± 47.8); Risk factors (70.5 ± 27.9); Laboratory evaluation (58.2 ± 8.8); Clinical action plan (57.6 ± 19.9); Reduction in proteinuria (68.3 ± 15.0); Complications (64.8 ± 19.9); Referral to a nephrologist (73.0 ± 44.6). There was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge of MR and MP in the sessions: Laboratory evaluation (MR 61.5 ± 8.4 vs 54.8 ± 7.9 MP; p <0.001); Reduction in proteinuria (73.1 ± 11.4 vs MR MP 63.5 ± 16.7; p <0.001) and Referral to a nephrologist (MR 81.2 ± 39.3 vs 64.5 ± 48.2 MP; p = 0.035). Among the MR, the R2 obtained the best score (63.9 ± 22.6 vs R1 R2 R3 71.9 ± 17.2 vs 63.5 ± 22.5, p = 0.445). It identified a low percentage of success of the doctors on the definition of CKD (MP = 46%; R1 = 40.6%; R2 = 60%; R3 = 52.9%; p = 0.623) and classification (MP = 34.9%; R1 = 53.1%, R2 = 60%; R3 = 52.9%; p = 0.158). CONCLUSION: The study showed that most doctors do not use any guidelines for clinical management of CKD and that there are gaps in knowledge on the subject, even among physicians who work in the university environment. In this sense, we propose the realization of mini-workshops for participants and students from boarding UFRN, using Case-Based Learning Strategy (CBL), with small group discussion, to strengthen the incorporation of CKD guidelines in undergraduate teaching and in clinical medical practice in general.

Normalização de dispositivos móveis no processo de aprendizagem de inglês : um estudo à luz da complexidade

We live in a world inherently influenced by technology and in which education is immersed in realities made possible by the support of digital technologies, such as electronic mobile devices. Thus, the general aim of this study lies in mapping and analysing the influence of mobile devices on teaching, especially with reference to learning the English language. The specific aims are to investigate how the use of mobile devices is present in the research participants’ practices, consider whether such use is beneficial, according to the students, to the English language learning as well as mapping how the use of mobile devices favours the normalisation stage, taken in this research as a complex process.The theoretical background of this study includes the premises of the Paradigm of Complexity, especially concerning the acquisition of a second language, as well as the precepts of Normalisation, which is related to the total integration of digital technologies into the English teaching and learning process in such a way that they become invisible, and the theories of language learning mediated by computers and mobile devices. Methodologically, this is an ethnographic qualitative research and its context is a language institute located in the Triângulo Mineiro region. In addition to students from five groups in the institution, two teachers and an administrative assistant participated in the survey. Data was collected through an online questionnaire, learning reports produced by students and interviews with teachers and administrative staff. The analyses indicate that mobile devices are present in the daily practices of English learners, but these uses, in most cases, are carried out through the teacher's encouragement. Moreover, despite having positive sayings on the role of digital technologies in the process of English teaching and learning, there is, among students and teachers, a dichotomy between saying and doing about the learning contexts considered valid. Additionally, the use of mobile devices in the English learning process is not yet established as a normalised issue because the process of integration of technology in teaching is still ruled by traditional uses of the technology. I conclude that the use of mobile devices in the English learning process is still not normalised, because even if students use their mobile devices every day, they generally do not realize the affordances of such use as possibilities to learn English.

Frequência de microrganismos em conteúdo vulvovaginal de vacas tratadas com dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona

The dissertation was divided in two studies. With the first, aimed to evaluate the occurrence of microorganisms present in the vulvovaginal region of cows that received intravaginal progesterone devices during the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) programs, and correlate the results with pregnancy rates. Samples were collected from vulvovaginal region of 30 beef cows Guzerá and 30 crossbred dairy cows, and also intravaginal devices, randomly. Of the 120 samples of cows, 60 corresponded to the collections of the period prior to the introduction device (D0) and 60 to the subsequent withdrawal of it (D9); it yielded 100% of bacterial growth, whereas, in most samples, it was found more than one isolated. In D0, the most frequent agent was Escherichia coli (52%), and in D9, Proteus spp and E. coli were the most frequent (32% and 28%, respectively). Regarding intravaginal progesterone devices, in D0 were isolated 37 microorganisms, being predominant those of the genus Bacillus (35%); in D9, 41 colony forming units (CFU) were isolated, of which 36.6% corresponded to Proteus spp. For the analysis of the antimicrobial profile, susceptibility testing was performed by diffusion agar disk, and cows that did not became pregnant after FTAI program were selected, as a future treatment. There resistance 100% to penicillin, and sensitivity, approximately, 90% to gentamicin, both isolates obtained from samples of beef cows and obtained of dairy cows. Regarding pregnancy rate, the 30 beef cows, 11 were diagnosed pregnant (36.7%), 4 (36.4%) treated with reused devices and 7 (63.6%) with new devices, which showed more effective. Of the 30 dairy cows, 15 were pregnant (50%), 8 (53.3%) were implanted with reused devices and 7 (46.7%) with new devices, with no significant differences in pregnancy rates. Because it is a research, females were chosen at random, and factors such as body condition, nutritional management and health weren't priority. With the second study, aimed to analyze the similarity between strains, conducted by technical Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD -PCR). Presence of E. coli and the absence of pregnancy were selection criteria used. From the results, it was observed that most of the isolates wasn't phylogenetically similar, since they showed lower than 85% similarity. The study stressed the importance of E. coli in vulvovaginal microbiota of cows and the presence of phenotypic and genotypic characters of this bacterium on possible reproductive problems.

Aplicación de videojuegos educativos teatrales en dispositivos móviles y fijos

En un mundo dominado por las nuevas tecnologías, donde en cada casa podemos encontrar más dispositivos tecnológicos que personas, seguimos teniendo un sistema educativo basado en libros de texto, cuaderno y bolígrafo. Esto, combinado con una generación de estudiantes considerados como nativos digitales (Prensky, 2010), está haciendo que los resultados académicos sean cada vez peores, aumentando el fracaso escolar (Fernández Pérez, 1986). Sin embargo, dada la aparición de los llamados videojuegos educativos, o "serious games", y la digitalización de las aulas, se ha demostrado que aprender jugando no sólo es más divertido, sino que además es más efectivo (Wong et al., 2007). Pero, cuando un centro educativo decide invertir dinero en traer nuevas tecnologías a las aulas, surge la siguiente pregunta: ¿en qué tipo de dispositivo debo invertir? Hasta la aparición de las tablets, esta pregunta tenía una clara respuesta, ordenadores. Pero con la llegada de éstas, la respuesta no está tan clara. ¿Qué dispositivo funciona mejor en las aulas? Otro ámbito que pierde adeptos entre los más jóvenes con la llegada de tanta tecnología a los hogares, es el mundo del teatro. Cada vez son menos los jóvenes interesados en acudir al teatro, convirtiendo a éste en un espectáculo de minorías. Una vez más los videojuegos educativos pueden ser una solución, como se demuestra en la tesis doctoral de Borja Manero (Manero, Torrente, Serrano, Martínez-Ortiz, & Fernández-Manjón, 2015). Esto llamó la atención del Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico (CNTC), queriendo realizar más videojuegos educativos que ayuden a incrementar el interés de los más jóvenes por el teatro. Por lo tanto, tenemos dos retos por delante: el principal es encontrar el mejor dispositivo para aplicar estos videojuegos educativos. Esto nos lleva a un segundo objetivo. Desarrollar el videojuego que servirá como herramienta para el desarrollo del experimento. Desarrollamos un videojuego educativo, basado en la obra de teatro “La Cortesía de España”, representada por la CNTC. Se realizaron varios procesos de adaptación para transformar una obra de teatro clásico en un videojuego divertido y útil para la investigación. Utilizando este videojuego como herramienta educativa, realizamos un experimento en el colegio de la Comunidad de Madrid Benito Pérez Galdós(Móstoles), proporcionándonos más de 150 alumnos, de entre 9 y 11 años, para participar en el mismo. Este experimento tiene como fin demostrar qué dispositivo funciona mejor con esta generación: los dispositivos móviles (tablets) o dispositivos fijos (ordenadores). Aunque previamente los investigadores sospechaban que el resultado del experimento sería claramente a favor de las tablets, por su cercanía con los jóvenes a los que estaba dirigido, los resultados arrojan otra conclusión completamente distinta. Efectivamente los más jóvenes utilizan más las tablets que los ordenadores para jugar, pero, analizados los resultados, son los ordenadores los que mejor funcionan como herramienta de aprendizaje.

Herramienta para búsqueda de casos médicos semejantes

Una de las tareas más comunes a las que se enfrentan los médicos es buscar historiales médicos, una tarea lenta y laboriosa que les arrebata tiempo útil. Este proyecto intenta reducir el tiempo dedicado a esa búsqueda permitiendo que, a partir del historial médico de un paciente, se encuentren otros casos similares dentro de la base de datos. Por eso, la base de datos con los documentos clínicos, en lenguaje natural en castellano, ha de ser procesada con las herramientas producidas por este proyecto. La aplicación está dividida en tres partes: la primera y la segunda se encargan de procesar los informes, dividiendo en campos y hallando los conceptos médicos respectivamente; la tercera parte es la que realiza las búsquedas de informes médicos similares.