Caracterização e aceitabilidade de tomate seco

In this work evaluated the content of vitamin C and total carotenoid in tomatoes fresh and dehydrated for conserve, with posterior immersion in sauce, verifying its sensorial acceptability. Dehydration was performed in dryer with airflow at 70 °C to obtain a product with final moisture of 45%. Determinations were carried out ascorbic acid, soluble solids, acidity, sugars and carotenoid before and after the dehydration process. The dehydrated tomatoes had been immersed in three types of sauces (pepper sauce, oregano with parrot leaves sauce and garlic sauce) per 25 days. After this period, the dry tomatoes in conserve had been submitted to the sensorial analysis in the pate form, applying themselves preference test. The results had been showed that retention of vitamin C and total carotenoid in the dehydrated product showed retention of 14.0% and 44.3%, respectively, in tomatoes after the dehydration process. Among the formulation of canned t

Implementation of physiotherapeutic shares in the prevention of diabetes complications in a Family Health Strategy

Introduction In the Family Health Strategy (FHS), the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) includes education and lifestyle change strategies. Physiotherapists have a key role in this health setting. Objectives To implement actions of evaluation and guidelines for patients with type 2 DM who attend a Family Health Strategy (FHS), regarding diabetic foot and the practice of regular physical exercise in the control and prevention of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Methods 17 individuals from an FHS were evaluated, with the following procedures: clinical and anthropometric parameters, inspection, a questionnaire on diabetic neuropathy, tests of vibratory and tactile sensitivity, muscle function, range of motion, functional analysis, questions about exercise practice and guidance regarding controlling blood glucose and foot care. Results Deformities, dry skin, calluses, dehydration, ulceration, cracking and brittle nails were found. Peripheral neuropathy was not observed; tactile sensitivity was altered in the heel region and the vibratory sense was absent in 5% of individuals. A decrease in functionality of ankle movements was verified. Of the participants, 76% were sedentary, 24% knew about the benefits of practicing regular exercise, 25% had undergone a medical evaluation prior to performing physical exercise and, of these, 25% were supervised by a qualified professional. Discussion The implementation of physiotherapy actions in diabetics from an FHS was important for highlighting the presence of risk factors for diabetic complications. Conclusions Individuals attending the FHS need more information and programs for the prevention of diabetic complications.

Water distribution in dentin matrices: Bound vs. unbound water

Objective. This work measured the amount of bound versus unbound water in completely-demineralized dentin.Methods. Dentin beams prepared from extracted human teeth were completely demineralized, rinsed and dried to constant mass. They were rehydrated in 41% relative humidity (RH), while gravimetrically measuring their mass increase until the first plateau was reached at 0.064 (vacuum) or 0.116 g H2O/g dry mass (Drierite). The specimens were then exposed to 60% RH until attaining the second plateau at 0.220 (vacuum) or 0.191 g H2O/g dry mass (Drierite), and subsequently exposed to 99% RH until attaining the third plateau at 0.493 (vacuum) or 0.401 g H2O/g dry mass (Drierite).Results. Exposure of the first layer of bound water to 0% RH for 5 min produced a -0.3% loss of bound water; in the second layer of bound water it caused a -3.3% loss of bound water; in the third layer it caused a -6% loss of bound water. Immersion in 100% ethanol or acetone for 5 min produced a 2.8 and 1.9% loss of bound water from the first layer, respectively; it caused a -4 and -7% loss of bound water in the second layer, respectively; and a -17 and -23% loss of bound water in the third layer. Bound water represented 21-25% of total dentin water. Chemical dehydration of water-saturated dentin with ethanol/acetone for 1 min only removed between 25 and 35% of unbound water, respectively.Signcance. Attempts to remove bound water by evaporation were not very successful. Chemical dehydration with 100% acetone was more successful than 100% ethanol especially the third layer of bound water. Since unbound water represents between 75 and 79% of total matrix water, the more such water can be removed, the more resin can be infiltrated. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gabaergic and opioid receptors mediate the facilitation of NaCl intake induced by alpha(2)-adrenergic activation in the lateral parabrachial nucleus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Trichomes related to an unusual method of water retention and protection of the stem apex in an arid zone perennial species

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Improvement of water transport and carotenoid retention during drying of papaya by applying ultrasonic osmotic pretreatment

The effect of ultrasound and osmotic dehydration pretreatments on papaya drying kinetics was investigated. The ultrasound pretreatment was carried out in an ultrasonic bath at 30 A degrees C. The osmotic pretreatment in sucrose solution was carried out in an incubator at 34 A degrees C and agitation of 80 rpm for 210 min. The drying process was conducted in a fixed bed dryer at 70 A degrees C. Experimental data were fitted successfully using the Page model for dried fresh and pretreated fruits, with coefficient of determination greater than 0.9992 and average relative error lower that 14.4 %. The diffusional model was used to describe the moisture transfer, and the effective water diffusivity was identified in the order of 10(-9) m(2) s(-1). It was found that drying rates of osmosed fruits were the lowest due to the presence of infused solutes, while the ultrasound pretreatment contributed to faster drying rates. Evaluation of the dried fruit was performed by means of total carotenoids retention. Ultrasound treatments in distilled water prior to air-drying gave rise to dried papayas with retention of carotenoids in the range 30.4-39.8 % and the ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration of papayas showed carotenoids retention values up to 64.9 %, whereas the dried fruit without pretreatment showed carotenoids retention lower than 24 %.

Effects of edible coatings on convective drying and characteristics of the dried pineapple

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

One-step glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid on multifunctional zeolite catalysts

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Thermoregulatory consequences of salt loading in the lizard Pogona vitticeps

Previous research has demonstrated that dehydration increases the threshold temperature for panting and decreases the thermal preference of lizards. Conversely, it is unknown whether thermoregulatory responses such as shuttling and gaping are similarly influenced. Shuttling, as an active behavioural response, is considered one of the most effective thermoregulatory behaviours, whereas gaping has been proposed to be involved in preventing brain over-heating in lizards. In this study we examined the effect of salt loading, a proxy for increased plasma osmolality, on shuttling and gaping in Pogona vitticeps. Then, we determined the upper and lower escape ambient temperatures (UETa and LETa), the percentage of time spent gaping, the metabolic rate ((V) over dot(O2)), the evaporative water loss (EWL) during gaping and non-gaping intervals and the evaporative effectiveness (EWL/(V) over dot(O2)) of gaping. All experiments were performed under isotonic (154 mmol l(-1)) and hypertonic saline injections (625, 1250 or 2500 mmol l(-1)). Only the highest concentration of hypertonic saline altered the UETa and LETa, but this effect appeared to be the result of diminishing the animal's propensity to move, instead of any direct reduction in thermoregulatory set-points. Nevertheless, the percentage of time spent gaping was proportionally reduced according to the saline concentration; (V) over dot(O2) was also decreased after salt loading. Thermographic images revealed lower head than body surface temperatures during gaping; however this difference was inhibited after salt loading. Our data suggest that EWL/(V) over dot(O2) is raised during gaping, possibly contributing to an increase in heat transfer away from the lizard, and playing a role in head or brain cooling.

Synthesis, evolved gas analysis (EGA) during pyrolysis and spectroscopic study of light lanthanide nicotinate in solid state

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Thermal study and characterization of nicotinates of some alkaline earth metals using TG-DSC-FTIR and DSC-system photovisual

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Solid-state 2-methoxybenzoates of light trivalent lanthanides : SSSynthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour

Solid-state LnL(3) compounds, where L is 2-metboxybenzoate and Ln is light trivalent lanthanides, have been synthesized. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetty (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and elementary analysis were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information on the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds. on heating these complexes decompose in three (Ce, Pr) or five (La, Nd, Sm) steps with the formation of the respective oxide: CeO2, Pr6O11 and Ln(2)O(3) (Ln=La, Nd, Sm) as final residues. The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic study suggests predominantly the ionic bond between the ligand and metallic center.

Alterations in the water intake caused by central inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the rat

In the present study we investigated the effects of central (i.c.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of a 2 μg dose of lisinopryl, an inhibitor of angiotensin I(ANGI)-converting enzyme (CE), on water intake. I.c.v. but not s.c. injection of lisinopryl abolished drinking in response to s.c. isoprenaline (100 μg/kg) and significantly reduced drinking in response to 24 h water deprivation or s.c. polyethylene glycol (30% w/v, 10 ml/kg). Lisinopryl had no effect on water intake induced by cellular dehydration (s.c. injection of hypertonic saline (2 M NaCl)). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lisinopryl acts as a CE blocking agent in the brain. The thirst challenge induced by hypotension using isoprenaline acts primarily by generating ANGII systemically and centrally. The other thirst challenges such as cellular dehydration are independent of the ANGII in the brain. This conclusion was made possible by utilizing a new CE blocking agent at a smaller dose than normally used for other ANG I-CE inhibitors. © 1992.

Interaction between the septal area and the subfornical organ in the control of water intake induced by thirst-eliciting procedures

Rats bearing lesions in the septal area followed by lesions in the subfornical organ were submitted to various thirst-eliciting procedures. The rats with hyperdipsia induced by lesions of the septal area drank more water than either during the control period or after lesion of the subfornical organ under the same thirst-eliciting or angiotensin-liberating stimuli (polyethyleneglycol, isoproterenol, water deprivation and ligation of the inferior vena cava). The overdrinking elicited by lesions in the septal area was blocked after lesion of the subfornical organ. Neither hypovolemia, nor hypotension or water deprivation could elicit increased water intake in animals whose subfornical organ had been destroyed. Animals with lesions in the subfornical organ showed decreased water intake after cellular dehydration. The results obtained suggest that the subfornical organ acts as a more important structure than the septal area in the regulation of water intake elicited by angiotensin, with two opposite effects: a direct one facilitating water intake, and an indirect one inhibiting the septal area. The septal area has an inhibitory effect on the subfornical organ and on water intake. © 1980.

Sodium intake, brain c-Fos protein and gastric emptying in cell-dehydrated rats treated with methysergide into the lateral parabrachial nucleus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)