The Canary record of the evolution of the North Atlantic Pliocene: New Ar-40/Ar-39 ages and some notable palaeontological evidence

<p>[EN] Two new 40Ar/39Ar ages (*) and previously published K/Ar ages of basaltic pillow lava flows are coeval with closely-related fossiliferous marine layers, allowing us to establish the beginning (5.8; 5.0; 4.8Ma at Aju&iacute;, Fuerteventura Island and 4.8&plusmn;0.03Ma (2?)* at Tamaraceite) and a middle stage (4.20&plusmn;0.18Ma (2?)* at La Esfinge in Gran Canaria Island) of Early Pliocene marine deposits in the Canary Islands. Here the presence of tropicopolitan fossils (Megaselachus megalodon, Janthina typica) suggests the influence of a possible Central American Circumtropical Current during the Pliocene and in the North Atlantic basin.p>

Are physical measures good indicators of image quality at low dose levels? A pilot study

Purpose: To evaluate if physical measures of noise predict image quality at high and low noise levels. Method: Twenty-four images were acquired on a DR system using a Pehamed DIGRAD phantom at three kVp settings (60, 70 and 81) across a range of mAs values. The image acquisition setup consisted of 14 cm of PMMA slabs with the phantom placed in the middle at 120 cm SID. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Contrast-tonoise ratio (CNR) were calculated for each of the images using ImageJ software and 14 observers performed image scoring. Images were scored according to the observer`s evaluation of objects visualized within the phantom. Results: The R2 values of the non-linear relationship between objective visibility score and CNR (60kVp R2 = 0.902; 70Kvp R2 = 0.913; 80kVp R2 = 0.757) demonstrate a better fit for all 3 kVp settings than the linear R2 values. As CNR increases for all kVp settings the Object Visibility also increases. The largest increase for SNR at low exposure values (up to 2 mGy) is observed at 60kVp, when compared with 70 or 81kVp.CNR response to exposure is similar. Pearson r was calculated to assess the correlation between Score, OV, SNR and CNR. None of the correlations reached a level of statistical significance (p>0.01). Conclusion: For object visibility and SNR, tube potential variations may play a role in object visibility. Higher energy X-ray beam settings give lower SNR but higher object visibility. Object visibility and CNR at all three tube potentials are similar, resulting in a strong positive relationship between CNR and object visibility score. At low doses the impact of radiographic noise does not have a strong influence on object visibility scores because in noisy images objects could still be identified.

Are physical measures good indicators of clinical image quality at low dose levels? A pilot study

Background - For dose reduction actions, the principle of “image quality as good as possible” to “image quality as good as needed” requires to know whether the physical measures and visual image quality relate. Visual evaluation and objective physical measures of image quality can appear to be different. If there is no noticeable effect on the visual image quality with a low dose but there is a objective physical measure impact, then the overall dose may be reduced without compromising the diagnostic image quality. Low dose imaging can be used for certain types of observations, e.g. thoracic scoliosis, control after metal implantation for osteosynthesis, reviewing pneumonia and tuberculosis. Aim of the study - To determine whether physical measures of noise predict visual (clinical) image quality at low dose levels.

Patterns of rare earth and other trace elements in Paleogene and Miocene clayey sediments from the Mondego platform (Central Portugal)

In the present study the origin of clay deposits occurring in an inland platform, in central Portugal, was investigated by their mineralogical and chemical composition. The clay deposits, exploited for ceramic industry are composed of silt-clay facies, the Monteira Member and the Arroça Member, which are assigned to the Coja Formation (Paleogene) and the Campelo Formation (Miocene), respectively. These clayey facies show almost compositional homogeneity, especially concerning texture. The mineralogical composition of the Monteira Member displays slightly higher content in smectite and interstratified clay minerals, which is supported by the chemical composition of samples analyzed. Both members present similar REE patterns, displaying an intense weathering record and little variation in the source area composition. Minor element geochemistry suggests low content in heavy minerals and transition metals. REE patterns and ratios of geochemical parameters support the dominant metasedimentary provenance, with a granite source contribution and also mature recycled sediments of continental origin. The study results’ suggest that the clays of these two members have the same source in terms of lithology and recycled sediments from the Hesperian massif. During the deposition of the Arroça Member, a major remobilization of the Monteira Member is suggested, explaining the geochemical similarity of both facies.

Resources of the southern fields and forests, medical, economical, and agricultural : being also a medical botany of the Confederate States; with practical information on the useful properties of the trees, plants and shrubs /

RBC donor (copy 2): Ernest Haywood Collection.

Magnetic and Acoustic Investigations of Turbulent Spherical Couette Flow

Title of dissertation: MAGNETIC AND ACOUSTIC INVESTIGATIONS OF TURBULENT SPHERICAL COUETTE FLOW Matthew M. Adams, Doctor of Philosophy, 2016 Dissertation directed by: Professor Daniel Lathrop Department of Physics This dissertation describes experiments in spherical Couette devices, using both gas and liquid sodium. The experimental geometry is motivated by the Earth's outer core, the seat of the geodynamo, and consists of an outer spherical shell and an inner sphere, both of which can be rotated independently to drive a shear flow in the fluid lying between them. In the case of experiments with liquid sodium, we apply DC axial magnetic fields, with a dominant dipole or quadrupole component, to the system. We measure the magnetic field induced by the flow of liquid sodium using an external array of Hall effect magnetic field probes, as well as two probes inserted into the fluid volume. This gives information about possible velocity patterns present, and we extend previous work categorizing flow states, noting further information that can be extracted from the induced field measurements. The limitations due to a lack of direct velocity measurements prompted us to work on developing the technique of using acoustic modes to measure zonal flows. Using gas as the working fluid in our 60~cm diameter spherical Couette experiment, we identified acoustic modes of the container, and obtained excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. For the case of uniform rotation of the system, we compared the acoustic mode frequency splittings with theoretical predictions for solid body flow, and obtained excellent agreement. This gave us confidence in extending this work to the case of differential rotation, with a turbulent flow state. Using the measured splittings for this case, our colleagues performed an inversion to infer the pattern of zonal velocities within the flow, the first such inversion in a rotating laboratory experiment. This technique holds promise for use in liquid sodium experiments, for which zonal flow measurements have historically been challenging.

Estudio de los bosques subtropicales de monta��a de la "reserva ecológica de uso múltiple Serranías de Zapla" (Jujuy, Argentina): composición florística, distribución de la vegetación y caracterización bioclimática

Se presenta el estudio de la composición y distribución de la vegetación a lo largo de un gradiente ambiental en los bosques subtropicales de monta��a o Yungas de la “Reserva Ecológica de Uso Múltiple Serranías de Zapla��� (Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina). Se utilizó la metodología fitosociológica de Braun-Blanquet y la “Tipología Bioclimática de la Provincia de Jujuy” basada en la “Clasificación Bioclimática de la Tierra���. Se realizaron 120 transectos y confeccionaron los inventarios fitosociológicos correspondientes; en cada inventario se relevaron las especies presentes en los estratos arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo y se consignaron los índices de abundancia-dominancia de dichas especies, asimismo se determinó la riqueza específica y la frecuencia de cada una de las especies registradas. Se identificaron en total 257 especies vegetales pertenecientes a 194 géneros y a 66 familias botánicas. Se determinó la riqueza a nivel especies y de familias en cada estrato de vegetación, se establecieron los tipos biológicos presentes y se confeccionó un espectro biológico que refleja adecuadamente el tipo de formación vegetal que se desarrolla en el área de estudio. Se analizaron las variaciones en la composición florística, abundancia-dominancia, frecuencia y riqueza de las especies a lo largo del gradiente ambiental existente. Se realizó la caracterización bioclimática general del área estudiada, para ello se utilizó la información proporcionada por la “Tipología Bioclimática de la Provincia de Jujuy”, también se realizó la caracterización bioclimática de cada transecto, para lo cual se calcularon los Índices de termicidad (It) y ombrotérmicos (Io) utilizando datos de temperatura estimados en función de la altitud y de precipitación que fueron extrapolados de los datos climáticos de seis localidades de referencia ubicadas dentro del área; a partir de estos datos se confeccionó una Tabla Bioclimática...

Daniel Giovannangeli, La Passion de l’origine, Paris :Galilée, 1995, 137 p.

Paris