Barley fibre and wet distillers' solubles in the diet of growing cattle

Selostus: Ohrarehu ja t��rkkelysrankki kasvavien lihanautojen s��il��rehuun perustuvassa ruokinnassa

Imported Cattle Report, December 2011

The Imported Cattle report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Effects of physical treatment of barley and rapeseed meal in dairy cows given grass silage-based diets

Selostus: Ohran ja rypsirouheen fysikaalisen k��sittelyn vaikutus maidontuotantoon s��il��rehuun perustuvalla ruokinnalla

Imported Cattle Report, November 2011

The Imported Cattle report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Cattle Report, January 2012

The Imported Cattle report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Cattle Report, March 2012

The Imported Cattle report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN SOIL FERTILIZED WITH CATTLE MANURE

Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) usually controls the P availability in tropical soils, but the contribution of organic P (Po) should not be neglected, mainly in systems with low P input or management systems that promote organic matter accumulation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in the Po fractions over time in soil fertilized and not fertilized with cattle manure and to correlate Po forms with available P extracted by anion exchange resin. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in a sandy-clay loam Haplustox. The experimental design was a 2 × 9 randomized complete block factorial design, in which the first factor was manure application (20 t ha-1) or absence, and the second the soil sampling times (3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49, 70, 91, and 112 days) after manure incorporation. Labile, moderately labile and non-labile Po fractions were determined in the soil material of each sampling. Manure fertilization increased the Po levels in the moderately labile and non-labile fractions and the total organic P, but did not affect the Po fraction proportions in relation to total organic P. On average, 5.1 % of total Po was in the labile, 44.4 % in the moderately labile and 50.5 % in the non-labile fractions. Available P (resin P) was more affected by the manure soluble Pi rather than by the labile Po forms. The labile and non-labile Po fractions varied randomly with no defined trend in relation to the samplings; for this reason, the data did not fit any mathematical model.

An agency-oriented model to explain vine-growing specialization in the province of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) in the mid-nineteenth century

[cat] En aquest treball presentem un model per explicar el proc��s d���especialitzaci�� vit��cola assolit als municipis de la prov��ncia de Barcelona, a mitjans del s. XIX,que cerca entendre com va sorgir hist��ricament un avantatge comparatiu fruit d���un proc��s que esdevindria un dels punts de partida del proc��s d���industrialitzaci�� a Catalunya. Els resultats confirmen els papers jugats pel impuls ���Boserupi����� de la poblaci�� en un context d���intensificaci�� de l�����s de la terra, i d���un impuls del mercat ���Smithi����� en un context d���expansi�� de la demanda per part de les economies atl��ntiques. Tamb�� es posa de manifest la import��ncia de les dotacions agro-ecol��giques i les condicions socioinstitucionals relacionades amb la desigualtat d���ingr��s. La difusi�� de la vinya don�� com a resultat unes comunitats rurals menys desiguals fins al 1820, tot i que aquesta desigualtat augment�� de nou a partir d'aleshores.

Mathematics in Catalonia: 1996-2002

The aim of this article is to present the main conclusions of the Report on research in Catalonia for the area of mathematics**. The report was prepared by Joaquim Bruna, Marta Sanz, Joan de Sol��-Morales and the author of this text, and published by the Institute for Catalan Studies in 1998. In the report, scientific activity in the area of mathematics was measured essentially by examining two parameters: papers published in specialised journals and doctoral theses read. It should be recognised that a considerable amount of activity in the field of mathematics consists of applying existing knowledge to the resolution of practical technological problems that arise in particular companies. This kind of scientific activity was not measured in any way in the report due to the difficulty of obtaining objective data. This article is divided into the following sections: human resources, scientific production, funding, research publications, research centres, and conclusions.

Imported Cattle Report, September 2012

The Imported Cattle report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Measurement of total estrone content in foods. Application to dairy products.

Estrone is a powerful growth-inducing hormone that is present in milk, mainly in the form of fatty acid esters, at concentrations that promote growth in experimental animals. We present here a method useful for the measurement of this natural hormone in foods and applied it to several common dairy products. Samples were frozen, finely powdered, and lyophilized then extracted with trichloromethane/methanol; the dry extract was saponified with potassium hydroxide. The free estrone evolved was extracted with ethyl acetate and was used for the estimation of total estrone content through radioimmunoassay. Application of the method to dairy products showed high relative levels of total estrone (essentially acyl-estrone) in milk, in the range of 1 ��M, which were halved in skimmed milk. Free estrone levels were much lower, in the nanomolar range. A large proportion of estrone esters was present in all other dairy products, fairly correlated with their fat content. The amount of estrone carried by milk is well within the range, where its intake may exert a physiological response in the sucklings for which it is provided. These growth-inducing and energy expenditure-lowering effects may affect humans ingesting significant amounts of dairy products.

Chemistry in Catalonia 1990-1995

The seven-year period studied here differs very little from the sixyear period described in the previous Report (1990-1995). Sustained growth was observed in almost all the indicators used to evaluate the resources invested and the scientific results obtained

Imported Cattle Report, December 2012

The Imported Cattle report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Cattle Report, October 2012

The Imported Cattle report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.