Prevención de la obesidad y de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 : documento de apoyo a las actividades de educación para la salud.

Se recoge información sobre la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, sus consecuencias y medidas preventivas frente a las mismas. Así mismo se pretende impulsar la educación para la salud frente a estos problemas, dar a conocer la problemática asociada y aportar recomendaciones tanto en el campo de la alimentación como de la actividad física. El documento está dirigido fundamentalmente a los profesionales del ámbito educativo y se hacen anotaciones sobre el papel de la familia y de los profesionales de la sanidad ante estos problemas.

Protocolo de atención al niño-a y al adolescente con diabetes en la escuela.

Protocolo en el que se establecen las medidas necesarias para garantizar el control de la diabetes mellitus y la seguridad de los niños y adolescentes que la padecen en el centro educativo. Tras definir qué es la diabetes y el ámbito de aplicación de este protocolo se especifican las funciones de los agentes implicados en su cumplimiento (comunidad educativa, personal sanitario, administraciones y entidades del entorno social), las estrategias de abordaje del niño o adolescente con diabetes en la escuela y se establece el sistema de seguimiento y evaluación del protocolo.

Diabetes en la escuela.

Se resume lo que los profesores deben saber sobre la diabetes: qué es, los controles de azúcar y las hipoglucemias, el comedor escolar, el botiquín, los días de deporte, excursiones y actividades extraescolares, teléfonos de emergencia e integración del alumno.

El niño y la diabetes.

Se pretende ayudar a la población infantil diabética a que desarrolle una vida 'normal', acepte los nuevos síntomas y se vea apoyada por la familia y el entorno. Se explica en qué consiste esta enfermedad, particularmente la infantil, y se ofrecen consejos sobre alimentación, control médico, deporte, y relación con los profesores y compañeros de clase. Finalmente, se recogen recomendaciones para los viajes y excursiones.

La diabetes, una compañera más en el centro de tiempo libre.

Se indican algunos conceptos básicos que deben conocer los monitores del centro de tiempo libre sobre la diabetes y la forma de tratarla, para que el niño que la sufre pueda integrarse perfectamente.

Propuesta de guía docente : diabetes, módulo de la asignatura 'Enfermería Clínica en la edad adulta : procesos crónicos, avanzados y terminales' : tercer curso del grado de enfermería.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Diabetes y escuela : recomendaciones escolares y pautas de actuaci??n en educaci??n f??sica

Bibliograf??a al final del art??culo

Serviços inclusivos de promoção da saúde e bem-estar via televisão digital: reportagem e debate interativos sobre Diabetes

O desenvolvimento de serviços e conteúdos dedicados a públicos específicos, tendo em consideração as suas preferências, necessidades e atitudes, é um dos desafios da TV do futuro. O projeto “iDTV-Saúde: Serviços inclusivos de promoção da saúde e bem-estar via televisão digital interativa” (UTA-Est/MAI/0012/2009) tem como principal objetivo avaliar o potencial da TV digital interativa na promoção de serviços, formatos e conteúdos originais que possam ser relevantes no suporte aos cuidados pessoais de saúde e ao bem-estar da população com mais de 55 anos, em Portugal. Uma das componentes deste estudo passa pela produção de uma reportagem interativa seguida de um debate, em torno do tema “Diabetes”, dirigida especialmente à população sénior. O presente artigo descreve o conceito e a estratégia de desenvolvimento desta solução para TV interativa, cujo principal intuito é permitir à população-alvo o acesso a informação fidedigna e especializada sobre saúde, através do uso das novas tecnologias. A elaboração dos conteúdos informativos prevê a combinação dos conceitos de TV linear e TV interativa, com vista a oferecer complementaridade aos conteúdos atualmente difundidos pelos media tradicionais e a potenciar o aumento de capital social do público-alvo, bem como da sua literacia na área da saúde, respeitando as suas especificidades.

Hearing in children with diabetes mellitus

This paper compares auditory function in young, insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with auditory function in normally-hearing, non-diabetic subjects.

The survival advantage of milk and dairy consumption: An overview of evidence from cohort studies of vascular diseases, diabetes and cancer

Objectives: To conduct it detailed evaluation, with meta-analyses, of the published evidence on milk and dairy consumption and the incidence of vascular diseases and diabetes. Also to summarise the evidence on milk and dairy consumption and cancer reported by the World Cancer Research Fund and then to consider the relevance of milk and dairy consumption to survival in the UK, a typical Western community. Finally, published evidence on relationships with whole milk and fat-reduced milks was examined. Methods: Prospective cohort studies of vascular disease and diabetes with baseline data on milk or dairy consumption and a relevant disease outcome were identified by searching MEDLINE, and reference lists in the relevant published reports. Meta-analyses of relationships in these reports were conducted. The likely effect of milk and dairy consumption on survival was then considered, taking into account the results of published overviews of relationships of these foods with cancer. Results: From meta-analysis of 15 studies the relative risk of stroke and/or heart disease in subjects with high milk or dairy consumption was 0.84 (95% CI 0.76, 0,93) and 0.79 (0.75, 0.82) respectively, relative to the risk in those with low consumption. Four studies reported incident diabetes as an outcome, and the relative risk in the Subjects with the highest intake of milk or diary foods was 0.92 (0.86, 0.97). Conclusions: Set against the proportion of total deaths attributable to the life-threatening diseases in the UK, vascular disease, diabetes and cancer, the results of meta-analyses provide evidence of an overall survival advantage from the consumption of milk and dairy foods.

Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial

Background Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) leaves, flowers and berries are used by herbal practitioners in the UK to treat hypertension in conjunction with prescribed drugs. Small-scale human studies support this approach. Aim To investigate the effects of hawthorn for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes taking prescribed drugs. Design of study Randomised controlled trial. Setting General practices in Reading, UK. Method Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 79) were randomised to daily 1200 mg hawthorn extract (n = 39) or placebo (n = 40) for 16 weeks. At baseline and outcome a wellbeing questionnaire was completed and blood pressure and fasting blood samples taken. A food frequency questionnaire estimated nutrient intake. Results Hypotensive drugs were used by 71% of the study population with a mean intake of 4.4 hypoglycaemic and/or hypotensive drugs. Fat intake was lower and sugar intake higher than recommendations, and low micronutrient intake was prevalent. There was a significant group difference in mean diastolic blood pressure reductions (P = 0.035): the hawthorn group showed greater reductions (baseline: 85.6 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 83.3 to 87.8; outcome: 83.0 mmHg, 95% Cl = 80.5 to 85.7) than the placebo group (baseline: 84.5 mmHg, 95% Cl = 82 to 87; outcome: 85.0 mmHg, 95% Cl = 82.2 to 87.8). There was no group difference in systolic blood pressure reduction from baseline (3.6 and 0.8 mmHg for hawthorn and placebo groups, respectively; P = 0.329). Although mean fat intake met current recommendations, mean sugar intake was higher and there were indications of potential multiple micronutrient deficiencies. No herb-drug interaction was found and minor health complaints were reduced from baseline in both groups. Conclusions This is the first randomised controlled trial to demonstrate a hypotensive effect of hawthorn in patients with diabetes taking medication.

Educational and psychosocial programmes for adolescents with diabetes: approaches, outcomes and cost-effectiveness

Diabetes incurs heavy personal and health system costs. Self-management is required if complications are to be avoided. Adolescents face particular challenges as they learn to take responsibility for their diabetes. A systematic review of educational and psychosocial programmes for adolescents with diabetes was undertaken. This aimed to: identify and categorise the types of programmes that have been evaluated; assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions; identify areas where further research is required. Sixty-two papers were identified and Subjected to a narrative review. Generic programmes focus on knowledge/skills, psychosocial issues, and behaviour/self-management. They result in modest improvements across a range of outcomes but improvements are often not sustained, suggesting a need for continuous support, possibly integrated into normal care. In-hospital education at diagnosis confers few advantages over home treatment. The greatest returns may be obtained by targeting poorly controlled individuals. Few studies addressed resourcing issues and robust cost-effectiveness appraisals are required to identify interventions that generate the greatest returns on expenditure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial

Background: Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) leaves, flowers and berries are used by herbal practitioners in the UK to treat hypertension in conjunction with prescribed drugs. Small-scale human studies support this approach. Aim: To investigate the effects of hawthorn for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes taking prescribed drugs. Design of study: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: General practices in Reading, UK. Method: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 79) were randomised to daily 1200 mg hawthorn extract (n = 39) or placebo (n = 40) for 16 weeks. At baseline and outcome a wellbeing questionnaire was completed and blood pressure and fasting blood samples taken. A food frequency questionnaire estimated nutrient intake. Results: Hypotensive drugs were used by 71% of the study population with a mean intake of 4.4 hypoglycaemic and/or hypotensive drugs. Fat intake was lower and sugar intake higher than recommendations, and low micronutrient intake was prevalent. There was a significant group difference in mean diastolic blood pressure reductions (P = 0.035): the hawthorn group showed greater reductions (baseline: 85.6 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 83.3 to 87.8; outcome: 83.0 mmHg, 95% Cl = 80.5 to 85.7) than the placebo group (baseline: 84.5 mmHg, 95% Cl = 82 to 87; outcome: 85.0 mmHg, 95% Cl = 82.2 to 87.8). There was no group difference in systolic blood pressure reduction from baseline (3.6 and 0.8 mmHg for hawthorn and placebo groups, respectively; P = 0.329). Although mean fat intake met current recommendations, mean sugar intake was higher and there were indications of potential multiple micronutrient deficiencies. No herb-drug interaction was found and minor health complaints were reduced from baseline in both groups. Conclusions: This is the first randomised controlled trial to demonstrate a hypotensive effect of hawthorn in patients with diabetes taking medication.