997 resultados para Crise do petróleo
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Os efluentes de indústrias, como refinarias e petroquímicas, frequentemente contém elevadas concentrações de substâncias tóxicas, dentre elas, os compostos fenólicos. Estas substâncias, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, afetam as propriedades organolépticas da água, além de que durante o processo de cloração da água potável, podem ser transformadas em clorofenóis e policlorofenóis, pela reação com o cloro, formando substâncias com características carcinogênicas. Neste sentido, o refino do petróleo produz grande variedade de poluentes cujas propriedades modificam-se em função dos processos utilizados. Os fenóis são compostos tóxicos, com características fungicida e desinfetante, sendo tóxico para a maioria dos microrganismos, além de apresentarem ação de carcinogenicidade, mutagenicidade e serem recalcitrantes, acumulam-se nos corpos receptores, gerando danos à saúde e à vida aquática. No entanto, embora o fenol possua ação bactericida, alguns microrganismos adquiriram a habilidade de se adaptar e utilizar este composto como fonte de carbono e energia. O presente trabalho pretendeu selecionar linhagens bacterianas, a partir do efluente de uma refinaria de petróleo, da região de Paulínia – SP, que sejam capazes de utilizar altos teores de fenóis como fonte de carbono e energia para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, a fim de serem aplicadas nas estações de tratamento de efluentes industriais, com foco nas refinarias de petróleo. Foram isoladas 3 linhagens a partir das amostras enriquecidas do efluente da refinaria e, após os ensaios, constatou-se que 1 linhagem apresentou resistência à concentração de fenol de 1.000 mg.L-1. Os ensaios de biodegradação e crescimento em fenol como única fonte de carbono, demonstraram que estas linhagens são capazes de biodegradar aproximadamente 20% do fenol disponível no meio, no período de 24 horas. A quantificação do fenol residual foi realizada em...
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This essay treats the government acting on the National Financial System (SFN) through the policy of directing credit, a common practice within industrialization attempts. In Brazil this policy occurred mainly through the principal instrument of the government on the financial system, the National Bank of Economic and Social Development (BNDES). It will be explained BNDES’ position within public finances and its ability to mobilize or act as an intermediary for mobilizing resources for the economy. Will also be addressed the countercyclical characteristics of BNDES’ disbursements in the Brazilian economy using as a backdrop the financial crisis that erupted in the overthrow of the mortgages in the USA, also known as the subprime crisis. Finally we will present the main ideas behind the criticism and praise that this model with strong state presence in the financial system suffers
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O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a situação financeira dos estados de São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul após a renegociação da dívida financeira com o governo federal. A renegociação da dívida foi efetivada mediante a aprovação de um Programa de Ajuste Fiscal com metas periodicamente reavaliadas. É realizada uma contextualização histórica da economia brasileira e da situação dos estados brasileiros. Em seguida, é estudado o Programa de Ajuste Fiscal do Estado de São Paulo, e o Programa de Ajuste Fiscal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Por fim, são realizadas algumas considerações acerca dos Programas desenvolvidos e realizados pelos Estados
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Corporative media, represented by TV, radio, press and internet conglomerates, is responsible for the biggest portion of audience and public all over the world. The commercial media was built upon media concentration and monopoly strategies and this business aims society’s economic and political control. Unfortunately, they don’t represent the biggest portion of population’s interests and, because of that, corporative media faces a crisis moment while alternative means of communication rise from the initiative of professionals who are committed to society’s marginalized sectors. Radical media intends to express a variant vision about hegemonic policies, priorities and perspectives. Citizen journalism is one of radical media arms and this research proposition is to analyze the business model of commercial media in Brazil and in the world, its means of production, and compare them with citizen journalism methods. This work also intends to analyze radical media and how it is opposite to corporative media by studying Escola de Notícias, an educommunication project from São Paulo
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The growing need for organizations to make themselves present on the Internet, the study aimed to demonstrate the importance of public relations activity in crisis management and analysis of the crisis in Americanas.com site. It also aims to analyze the electronic scene, highlighting their implications for consumer relations in e-commerce. In addition, as a consequence of conflicts, settles a loss situation, financial and reputation. A crisis begins with planning and communication failures, it is clear that public relations is essential in business today, as interest in integrating their knowledge and opinions, and maintaining a global view of the environment in which it operates. The case study analysis provided confirmation that the public relations face a growing market, which requires qualified and updated to do crisis management, especially in the online environment
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Em um contexto globalizado, onde os acontecimentos possuem alcance mundial, torna-se necessário avaliar a eficiência do chamado Jornalismo Internacional na divulgação de informações. A singularidade do olhar jornalístico tem sido comprometida neste ramo, uma vez que a modalidade está cada vez mais ligada às agências de notícias, que apresentam uma cobertura pasteurizada dos assuntos em questão. O objetivo geral deste projeto foi contribuir para o enriquecimento das informações sobre a crise de origem econômica na Espanha, por meio da produção de conteúdo in loco, e retratar os reflexos deste contexto na vida da população europeia, nos âmbitos cultural, econômico, político e social, a fim de comprovar que é fundamental a presença do correspondente no local do assunto reportado. Além disso, constatou-se ser necessário reportar os efeitos da crise na vida comum dos habitantes da Espanha, uma vez que os meios de comunicação tradicionais se limitam a fornecer uma visão tecnicista do assunto, por meio de números e estatísticas. As notas, notícias, entrevistas, fotos e vídeos produzidos foram publicados em uma página experimental criada no Facebook, de modo a avaliar a eficácia das redes sociais enquanto novas plataformas do jornalismo digital
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a crise dos alimentos, bem como seu impacto diferenciado entre os países. Para tanto, inicialmente se analisou a origem e gestação da crise alimentar, bem como todos os fatores causadores e/ou que intensificaram tal crise. Posteriormente, se discutiu o impacto desta crise, sobre a segurança alimentar nos países mais afetados e, por fim, foca-se sobre o pouco impacto da crise no caso do Brasil. Analisa-se, portanto, os meios que fizeram com que o Brasil, diferentemente de outros países, conseguisse passar “ileso” pela crise dos alimentos, com relação à economia e a segurança alimentar
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The oil market is not a common market, and its complexity increases dramatically when considering the strategic and geopolitical involved, thus resulting in large uncertainties and concerns. The attempt to control prices has always been a challenge for the major world powers, since the increase in oil prices benefits the exporting countries, but harms importers, especially those regarded as less developed. Understand and try to predict some strategies adopted up the oil crises is one of the main points of the research, in order to demonstrate how economics can be used as an instrument of power and domination between nations, and how plans and strategies and rearrangements of supply and demand favor the growth of this economy, especially in the current period, with the new Brazilian oil era, beginning with the discovery of pre-salt, amid a context of growing need for the use of oil and its derivatives
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Acoustic communication is essential in mammals and has three main functions: acquisition of information about the environment, intraspecific communication and detection of predators and prey. Studies indicate that the introduction of sounds produced by anthropogenic activities such as military exercises, use of sonar and activities related to the extraction of oil and natural gas can cause interference in cetacean communication. Recently, the discovery of pre-salt tends to increase these activities. After a decade since the launch date of IBAMA`s licensing and before the imminent increase in exploration activities in Brazil, it is essential to conduct studies to monitor closely the impact of this type of activity on the marine ecosystem. Thus, this study aims to identify potential impacts that the process of oil and natural gas exploration and production might have on the communication of baleen whales. Data from literature on bioacoustics and ecology of these animals were linked with technical-scientific data regarding this type of activity. 310 documents related to the topic were analyzed. Among them only 81 documents are of academic origin, and the others mostly action plans and reports from government agencies. 80% of the documents do not have any species as a focus, and in the remaining 20%, 17% were focused on the Greenland Whale (Balaena mysticetus) and 22% on the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). The main impacts identified in this study were the increased frequency and amplitude of vocalization, reduction or cessation of more elaborate songs and masking problems
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The coffee crisis in the 1980s reached deeply municipality of Dracena, considering that the coffee had significant social and economic importance to the area. In this context, the research aimed to analyze the socioeconomic consequences that this crisis has provided small rural proprietors of the county. To achieve this goal we seek to articulate the theoretical reference, with data from secondary sources, interviews with the main responsible for the agricultural sector and an application questionnaire to 21 small rural proprietors of the county. It was found that, due to the dependence relationship with the coffee, the economy of the city suffered from the attack of said culture during the 1980s. Rural producers who cultivated such crops as the main, had to readjust productively to remain in the countryside, but the economic and social development that coffee was brought in earlier times was not rescued. As a consequence, there has been an intensification of evasion demographic of rural municipality, a process that had begun in the 1970s and was strongly reinforced by the crisis of the coffee culture. We note that from the 2000s, the situation became better for small rural proprietors in order that public policies implemented now serve, in part, the needs of those with greater efficiency. This situation can be evidenced by a slight reduction in the number of rural people dracenense. Despite improvements recorded since the 2000s, the situation is still not ideal, given that many small proprietors surveyed expressed dissatisfaction. In this context, we note that the performance and joint of federal, state and municipal government are essential so that public policies are efficient, thus providing decent conditions for social reproduction of small rural proprietors and their dependents in the countryside
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Desde fins da década de 70, com as crises do petróleo e a crise externa, ocorreram mudanças no sistema internacional de financiamento que levaram o sistema econômico brasileiro do “milagre econômico” à “década perdida”. Com isso, os anos 80 foram marcados por períodos de recessão, desequilíbrios internos, descontrole inflacionário, déficits no setor público, resultando em problemas macroeconômicos, os quais se tornaram herança para as próximas décadas. Sendo assim, nos anos 80, 90 e, parte dos anos 2000, a economia brasileira teve como principal foco políticas de visassem o ajuste econômico e a estabilização, deixando o crescimento econômico como segundo plano, fato que resultou em um baixo crescimento econômico, ou seja, baixas taxas do PIB real. Contudo, este fato foi contrariado a partir de 2004 quando o Brasil passou a apresentar taxas mais significativas de investimento, permitindo um crescimento do PIB superior a 5% a.a., sendo que para este período muitos economistas defendiam que a economia nacional poderia crescer de forma “sustentada”, sem causar pressões inflacionárias, a um nível de 4,5% a 5% ao ano. Assim sendo, nos dias atuais uma das abordagens com maior enfoque no ramo econômico é a questão do crescimento sustentável, o qual esteja dentro dos limites estruturais da economia brasileira, e com isso não gere pressões inflacionárias. Este questionamento ganhou força devido ao fato de que nos últimos anos o Brasil tem apresentado um crescimento acelerado, preocupando muitos economistas, os quais acreditam que este crescimento seja insustentável e contrariando outros, que defendem que, as taxas de crescimento do PIB (Produto Interno Bruto) se dão em níveis muito baixos, inferiores ao crescimento permitido pelo potencial estrutural do Brasil, devido ao controle que é aplicado a esta taxa em relação à meta de inflação determinada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Ensuring availability of quality water for human consumption causes becomes an increasing number of studies for the analysis of effluent before and after treatment, so that its release into receiving bodies do not cause significant changes in the river water and on the biological communities related to them. The biomarkers of toxicity have long been used to verify the potential toxic effluent and its correlation with the treatment efficiency of them. In this context, the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia stands out because it is a benthic aquatic organism highly sensitive to environmental changes. In this study, to evaluate the interference of the release of treated wastewater of oil refinery in Rio Atibaia, we sought to determine the toxicity on population dynamics of Ceriodaphnia dubia microcrustacean in water samples upstream and downstream from the launch site, compared with samples from Rio Jaguarí at the point of capture by the company itself and treated effluent. We have studied the number of offspring produced in 10 replicates, each starting with a test individual of up to 24 hours for each sample and correlated the results with physical-chemical and microbiological tests performed by a laboratory technician. For most tests, the results indicate that the treated effluent gives sub-lethal toxicity to the microcrustacean, as delay the onset of the reproductive cycle of the same
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The analysis of the extraction process in oil wells is presented exploring the challenges to the effectiveness of the procedure is shown step by step in the process. There is an analysis of the major tools and equipment needed in the drilling process, promoting the understanding of the challenges in the pre-salt layers, compared to conventional processes. The work is reinforced through studies of the influence of the corrosive compared not corrosive environment in drill strings
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