Status of agrifood regulatory coordination under the North American Free Trade Agreement

Includes bibliography

The small economies of Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Sistemática da seção Virescentia do gênero Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales) no Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2013: A sluggish postcrisis, mega trade negotiations and value chains: scope for regional action

Incluye bibliografía.

Port-rail integration: challenges and opportunities for Latin America

This issue of FAL Bulletin analyses the role of good modal integration between port facilities and the rail network to ensure port competitiveness.

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2014: Regional integration and value chains in a challenging external environment

The 2014 edition of Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy: Regional integration and value chains amid challenging external conditions has four chapters. Chapter I examines the main features of the international context and their repercussions for world and regional trade. Chapter II looks at Latin American and Caribbean participation in global value chains and confirms that the region, with the exception of Mexico and Central America, has only limited linkages with the three major regional value chains of Asia, Europe and North America. This chapter also looks at how participation in value chains may contribute to more inclusive structural change, by analysing three core microeconomic aspects. Chapter III identifies various spheres in which regional integration and cooperation can help strengthen production integration between the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean. The fourth chapter explores the intra- and extraregional trade relations of the countries of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and considers how to strengthen production integration in the subregion by taking advantage of linkages beyond trade and building on commercial and production complementarities among the members. The chapter also reviews the differences between the countries in terms of income, population and production and export structure, in a context of marked macroeconomic vulnerability.

Distribuição e conservação de aves migratórias neárticas da ordem Charadriiformes (famílias Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) no Brasil

Apesar dos esforços de pesquisa nos últimos anos, muitos dos aspectos das migrações dos charadrídeos e escolopacídeos no Brasil permanecem desconhecidos. A maioria dos estudos em escala local ou regional revela a necessidade de uma síntese das informações em escala espacial adequada para facilitar a detecção dos grandes padrões de movimento destas espécies no país. Desta forma, esta tese teve como objetivo geral identificar os padrões de distribuição e migrações das espécies de aves das famílias Charadriidae e Scolopacidae que se reproduzem no hemisfério norte e usam o território brasileiro durante as suas migrações, visando desenvolver estratégias para a conservação do grupo. Como objetivos específicos, caracterizar as principais rotas migratórias para estas espécies; identificar as áreas críticas para a conservação utilizando os critérios propostos pela metodologia das AIAs e ACBs; avaliar o estado de conservação atual das áreas críticas para a conservação destas espécies de acordo ao Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação; avaliar se as áreas críticas são parte das áreas prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade brasileira; aplicar os critérios da Convenção de Ramsar e da WHSRN para identificar áreas críticas para conservação destas espécies. A base de dados foi estabelecida a partir de levantamento bibliográfico; consultas às coleções científicas de museus brasileiros e estrangeiros; utilização de bases de dados de recuperações de anilhas brasileiras e norte-americanas; dados cedidos por pesquisadores do Brasil, Argentina e Estados Unidos; dados de campo coletados pessoalmente no Pantanal (MS), litoral dos estados do Maranhão e Rio Grande do Sul. Entre os principais resultados, 19 das 24 espécies possuem um conjunto importante de dados, com as demais sendo ocasionais ou com poucas informações. Há uma maior concentração de dados na região costeira do país, com menor cobertura de áreas do interior. A Amazônia Ocidental mostrou-se a menos conhecida nos aspectos abordados, embora seja a via de passagem para algumas das espécies analisadas. O litoral entre a foz do Amazonas e São Luiz, no Maranhão foi a principal área de concentração em termos numéricos. A costa do Rio Grande do Sul foi o segundo local com maior destaque nas análises. Quinze espécies foram registradas em todos os meses do ano, demonstrando que nem todos os indivíduos migram anualmente para o hemisfério norte. Considerando as rotas globais, 8 espécies utilizam a rota do Atlântico e 10 a rota do Mississipi ou do centro da América do Norte. As outras 6 possivelmente utilizam-se das duas rotas. O conhecimento na utilização das 5 rotas propostas por Antas (1983) durante a migração sul-norte indicou que algumas espécies têm registros no interior da Amazônia, período em que possivelmente seus habitats estariam inundados. O padrão de chegada na migração norte-sul no Brasil é entre agosto e outubro, com incremento a partir de setembro. A migração sul-norte ocorre entre meados de março e abril na maioria das espécies. Durante o período não reprodutivo existe um padrão de distribuição ao longo da costa utilizado por 9 espécies, outro continental para 7 espécies no interior e ainda um terceiro, difuso, encontrado em 5 espécies que se distribuem tanto na costa quanto no interior do país. Foram identificadas 260 áreas críticas importantes para as espécies avaliadas. Observou-se que 72% das ACBs identificadas estão fora do SNUC. A sobreposição das ACBs com as Áreas Prioritárias para a Conservação revelou que 46% das primeiras estão sem indicação de importância neste programa. São elegíveis para os critérios da Convenção Ramsar 69 ACBs, enquanto 65 podem ser inseridas no programa da WHSRN. Entre as principais conclusões, o conhecimento de processos biológicos fundamentais à manutenção do ciclo de vida e o curso de suas migrações anuais, de parâmetros relacionados à mudas de penas, ganho de massa corporal, razão sexual e etária das populações migrantes são aspectos ainda insuficientemente detalhados para estas espécies no Brasil, e mesmo na América do Sul, assim como a necessidade de pesquisas que possam gerar estimativas e tendências populacionais, uma vez que em escala global várias destas espécies apresentam declínio populacional.

Book Review of Discovering North American Rock Art Edited by Lawrence L. Loendorf, Christopher Chippindale, and David S. Whitley

If readers of Great Plains Research are seeking a window on rock art research in North America, this book provides a few clear panes, a few that are hazy, and a few muddy ones. Like many edited volumes, the weaker contributions and lack of a consistent style limit the book's usefulness. Some authors target a general readership; others clearly are addressing colleagues. The book has two stated themes: the history of rock art research in North America and recent approaches to rock art analysis. Articles by Julie Francis and (jointly) David Whitley and Jean Clottes explore why rock art research has long been marginalized in North America. Unfortunately, both of these otherwise observant essays slip into advocacy of shamanism as a unifying or primary explanation for rock art, an interpretive model by no means universally accepted by today's rock art specialists.

Book Review of Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America by Paul S. Martin

Applying ecological studies to the adaptations of prehistoric human hunter-gatherer groups has greatly increased our abilities to interpret effects of an ever-changing environment and our access to critical resources on these populations. The Pleistocene/Holocene transition, its climate and human genesis in the new world, draws intensive interest from a number of scientific communities. In Twilight of the Mammoths, Paul Martin adds his views, which are of no surprise, on the megafaunal extirpations during a cultural period referred to in North America as Clovis.

Host-Specificity of Myxoma Virus: Pathogenesis of South American and North American Strains of Myxoma Virus in Two North American Lagomorph Species

The pathogenesis of South American and North American myxoma viruses was examined in two species of North American lagomorphs, Sylvilagus nuttallii (mountain cottontail) and Sylvilagus audubonii (desert cottontail) both of which have been shown to have the potential to transmit the South American type of myxoma virus. Following infection with the South American strain (Lausanne, Lu), S. nuttallii developed both a local lesion and secondary lesions on the skin. They did not develop the classical myxomatosis seen in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The infection at the inoculation site did not resolve during the 20-day time course of the trial and contained transmissible virus titres at all times. In contrast, S. audubonii infected with Lu had very few signs of disseminated infection and partially controlled virus replication at the inoculation site. The prototype Californian strain of myxoma virus (MSW) was able to replicate at the inoculation site of both species but did not induce clinical signs of a disseminated infection. In S. audubonii, there was a rapid response to MSW characterized by a massive T lymphocyte infiltration of the inoculation site by day 5. MSW did not reach transmissible titres at the inoculation site in either species. This might explain why the Californian myxoma virus has not expanded its host-range in North America.

Paranoplocephala sciuri (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), a Parasite of the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), with a Discussion of Its Systematic Status

This study redescribes Andrya sciuri Rausch, 1947 (Anoplocephalidae) from the northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw), in North America, to redefine the morphology and generic position of this poorly known cestode. Andrya sciuri is shown to belong unambiguously to the genus Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu Haukisalmi and Wickström (2005). Paranoplocephala sciuri is compared with four species that resemble it morphologically, and features that can be used in its identification are presented. It is suggested that P. sciuri has speciated through a shift from arvicoline rodents (voles and lemmings) to G. sabrinus.

Studies on Some North American Shrew Cestodes

In spite of the importance of the various species of shrews to the biotic community, several aspects of their ecology remain very incompletely known. The helminths parasitic in the more conspicuous small mammals in North America have been studied more or less completely, but those occurring in shrews have been largely disregarded. This situation is particularly inappropriate when one considers that shrews often constitute the most abundant mammalian group in a given area. We have attempted to secure an adequate amount of shrew helminth material for study, and it is the purpose of this paper to present observations resulting from this work.

The Probe, Issue 204 - September 1999

USFWS to Explore Canada Goose Management Strategies -- from a press release issued Aug. 3 by the US. Fish & Wildlife Service, written by Chris Tollefson. Anti-Trapping Measure Passes House Oregon Legislature Moves To Ensure Safety Of Its Citizens Against Cougars Acord Promoted Away From Wildlife Services New State Director US DA/APHIS in Mississippi is Kristina Godwin BOOk R e v i e w : "Living With Wildlife: How to Enjoy, Cope With, and Protect North America's Wild Creatures Around Your Home and Theirs," The California Center for Wildlife, with Diana Landau and Shelley Stump. San Francisco: A Sierra Club Book. 1994. 340 pp. + index $15.00. French Shepherds Protest Predators Rabbit Calicivirus Kills 65% of Rabbit Population Abstracts from the 2nd International Wildlife Management Congress, Hungary Crop Damage by Wildlife in Northern Ghana – O. I. Aalangdon* and A.S. Langyintuo, *Dept. of Renewable Natural Resources, University for Development Studies, Tamale Northern Region, Ghana Large Predators in Slovenia On the Way from Near Extermination to Overprotection and Back: Is Conservation Management of Large Predators in Cultural Landscapes Possible At All? -- M. Adamic, Chair of Wildlife Ecology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Human-wolf Conflicts in the East Baltic: Past, Present, and Future -- Z. Andersone*, L. Balciauskas, and H. Valdmann., *Kemeri National Park, KemeriJurmala, Latvia Gray Wolf Restoration in the Northwestern United States -- E.E. Bangs*, J.A. Fontaine, D.W. Smith, C. Mack, and C. C. Niemeyer, *U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Helena, MT The Impact of Changing U.S. Demographics on the Future of Deer Hunting -- R. D. Brown, Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Management of Overabundant Marcropods in Nature Reserves: 6 Case Studies from Southeastern Australia -- G. Coulson, Dept. of Zoology,University of Melbourne,Parkville, Victoria, Australia

EXTRALIMITAL RECORDS OF THE MEXICAN FREE-TAILED BAT (TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS MEXICANA) IN THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Two new records of Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana are reported from Nebraska. The literature records of this taxon from the central United States are summarized. In this region of North America, these bats occupy a “natal range” where the species carries on regular reproductive activities and the populations are relatively stable, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma. To the north of the natal range of T. b. mexicana is a “pioneering zone” where, under favorable conditions, the species is capable of reproducing and conducting its normal activities. The pioneering zone of the Mexican free-tailed bat includes Barber and Comanche counties in Kansas and as far north as Mesa and Saguache counties in southwestern Colorado. Finally, to the north of the pioneering zone, there is a much larger area that is proposed as the “exploring zone” in which only a few individuals of the species are found. Reproductive activities do not occur on any regular basis in the exploring zone, which encompasses the remainder of Colorado and Kansas as well as the states of Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and southeastern South Dakota.

SCWDS BRIEFS: Volume 21, Number 3 (October 2005)

H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds: A Fact Sheet Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 and Wild Birds What are avian influenza viruses? What is a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus? What is “Bird Flu” and what is “HPAI H5N1”? What do we know about avian influenza viruses in wild birds? Do we have HPAI H5N1 in North America? Is there currently a public health risk associated with HPAI H5N1 in wild birds? Is there a domestic animal health risk associated with HPAI in wild birds? What is the possibility of HPAI H5N1 entering North America via migratory wild birds? What is the possibility of this virus being maintained in wild bird populations? Do we have surveillance for HPAI H5N1 in the United States? Additional information on HPAI can be found at these websites: The recognized geographic and species distribution of chronic wasting disease (CWD) has expanded since early September 2005 to include Hampshire County in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia National Fish and Wildlife Health Initiative Guiding Principles Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus was isolated from seven white-tailed deer in southwestern Michigan during September 2005 During the past summer, more than 500 head of livestock in North Dakota and South Dakota were lost to one of the largest recorded anthrax outbreaks in U.S. history. Most of the losses were in cattle, but horses, bison, and farm-reared elk also were affected. Dr. John Fischer, Director of SCWDS, has received this year’s Special Recognition Award from the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA). Dr. William Randolph Davidson is retiring in November 2005.