918 resultados para Chevrolet Citation.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS
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No município de IgarapéMiri, como em todo o estado do Pará, é comum o uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de muitas doenças. Da mesma maneira, em vários estados do país se têm registrado programas oficiais de plantas medicinais e para mapear as espécies vegetais utilizadas na fitoterapia popular aplicamse metodologias etnoorientadas tais como a etnobotânica e a etnofarmacologia, principalmente. A partir das ciências farmacêuticas elaborouse a etnofarmácia, que vem sendo empregada em nível mundial para levantar plantas medicinais e avaliar os remédios preparados a partir delas. O objetivo geral desse trabalho é contribuir para a consolidação da Etnofarmácia e para a implementação da PNPMF no estado do Pará, trazendo informações colhidas sobre indicação de plantas medicinais, preparação e administração de remédios vegetais e problemas relacionados ao uso deles. Mais especificamente, visa determinar a nosogeografia regional, identificar e selecionar os recursos terapêuticos vegetais utilizados para o tratamento das doenças prevalentes, conhecer e caracterizar do ponto de vista farmacêutico os remédios a base de vegetais citados. Elaborar fichas com informações sobre vegetais selecionados nos moldes de uma monografia são outros objetivos aqui propostos. A ferramenta empregada para atingir os objetivos é o levantamento etnofarmacêutico que associa elementos de outros métodos etnoorientados com os preceitos da Assistência Farmacêutica. Aplicado em oitenta e seis comunidades do município, em dois momentos, o primeiro no ano 2000 e o segundo em março/abril de 2008, o método forneceu dados que foram tabulados em planilhas Excel e plotados em gráficos. Assim, foram detectados 91 agravos, 236 espécies vegetais, distribuídas em 72 famílias botânicas, e sete formas de administração diferentes. 38 eventos adversos também puderam ser identificados. As dez espécies com maior freqüência relativa de citação tiveram levantados seus dados bibliográficos que, associados aos dados etnofarmacêuticos, poderão ser utilizados para compor um Memento Fitoterápico do Município.
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O uso de plantas medicinais no Munic ípio de Benevides: Elaboração do Memento Fitoterápico e Introdução da Política de Plantas Medicinais no Município de Benevides é um trabalho, desenvolvido com o objetivo de levantar as espécies vegetais utilizadas por usuários do SUS e profissionais de saú de, integrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Benevides, com vistas à elaboração do Memento Fitoterápico do município, como primeiro passo para a institucionalização da Política Municipal de Plantas Medicinais. Para o levantamento dos dados, utilizou-se a tecnologia social Etnofarmácia, desenvolvida e aplicada em parceria com a comunidade, envolvendo a aplicação do formulário etnofarmacêutico aos usuários do SUS e profissionais de saúde, o que permitiu uma análise quanti - qualitativa dos dados. Os resultados indicaram que a utilização de plantas medicinais pela população entrevistada é uma prática intensa e se deve, em parte, à dificuldade que os usuários do sistema têm em acessar os medicamentos sintéticos prescritos nas Unidades Saúde da Família (USF) do município e ao baixo padrão de renda das famílias entrevistadas. Quanto aos profissionais de saúde, os resultados indicam sensibilidade dos mesmos ao tema e disposição para prescrição, desde que se tenha disponível capacitação, protocolo clín ico e plantas medicinais nas USF. Para compor o Memento Fitoterapêutico, foram selecionadas as espécies: Chenopodium ambrosioides, Linn. (mastruz); Eleutherine plicata, Herb (marupazinho); Mentha pulegium, Linn. (hortelãzinho); Coleus amboinicus, Lour. (boldo) e Arrabidaea chica, Velrt. (parirí), segundo os critérios de frequência de citação, perfil epidemiológico do município, interesse do Ministério da Saúde e manejo da espécie.
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Este artigo apresenta um estudo de citações em escrita acadêmica na perspectiva da análise de citações e dos estudos de gêneros do discurso (Moravcsik & Murugesan, 1975; Swales, 1986, 1990, 2004; Bhatia, 2004). O estudo enfoca o uso de citações por membros expertos e membros novatos da comunidade acadêmica de Linguística e consistiu na análise e comparação de nove artigos acadêmicos e treze trabalhos finais de disciplina. Os resultados mostram que as escolhas linguísticas que orientam a escrita das citações são em grande parte compartilhadas pelos membros expertos (autores dos artigos acadêmicos) e pelos novatos (alunos de curso de pós-graduação, autores dos trabalhos finais de disciplina), haja vista que ambos fazem uso de citações confirmativas, em detrimento de negativas. Todavia, membros expertos, ao contrário dos novatos, utilizam a própria voz para confrontar outros autores. As implicações deste estudo reiteram a necessidade de os Cursos de Letras terem uma abordagem de ensino e aprendizagem de escrita acadêmica baseada em gêneros do discurso visando desenvolver a consciência retórica dos alunos em relação à escrita acadêmica e, consequentemente, ao uso de citações em textos escritos, de maneira a empoderar os alunos a construir um posicionamento autoral em sua comunidade discursiva.
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BackgroundRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex condition of the developing retinal blood vessels and is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness. Several risk factors for ROP have been studied over the past 50 years. Among them, general immaturity (low birth weight and low gestational age) and prolonged oxygen therapy have been consistently related to disease onset. However, it is understood that the progression of the disease is multifactorial and may be associated with others risk factors, such as multiple gestation, apnoea, intracranial haemorrhage, anaemia, sepsis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, multiple transfusions and light exposure. Furthermore, the precise role of these individual factors in the development of the disease has not yet been well established.ObjectivesTo determine whether the reduction of early environmental light exposure reduces the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or poor ROP outcomes among very low birth weight infants.Search methodsWe searched the following databases: the Cochrane Neonatal Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, Science Citation Index Database, CANCERLIT, the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials and www.clinicaltrials.gov. We also searched previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, and contacted expert informants. This search was updated in October 2012.Selection criteriaRandomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that reduced light exposure to premature infants within the first seven days following birth were considered for this review. We also considered cluster-randomised controlled trials.Data collection and analysisData on clinical outcomes including any acute ROP and poor ROP outcome were extracted by both review authors independently and consensus reached. We conducted data analysis according to the standards of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group.Main resultsData from four randomised trials with a total of 897 participants failed to show any reduction in acute ROP or poor ROP outcome with the reduction of ambient light to premature infants' retinas. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was about evenly split between those in which the classification was unclear and those in which the studies were categorised as low risk of bias. There was no report on the secondary outcomes considered in this review: quality of life measures; and time of exposure to oxygen.Authors' conclusionsThe evidence shows that bright light is not the cause of retinopathy of prematurity and that the reduction of exposure of the retinas of premature infants to light has no effect on the incidence of the disease.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The most visible researchers in Knowledge Organization and Representation were identified, from the perspective of Brazilian researchers, based on cocitations from the papers presented in the last five meetings of the Encontros Nacionais de Pesquisa of the Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós- Graduação em Ciência da Informação (ENANCIBs) from 2003 to 2008. First, the total number of references was identified, a total of 134 articles. Second, a citation analysis was conducted, being considered the most cited authors those who received 12 citations or more, which resulted in 31 most cited authors. Third, the Pajek software was used for the construction of the co-citation network and, thereafter, some indicators were calculated with the Ucinet software, which describe the structure and cohesion of the generated network, and, particularly, its density, and its degree of centrality, betweenness and proximity. The high cohesion of the network and the compliance between the most co-cited authors and the calculated indicators were verified.
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This piece of research aims at analyzing the absolute and relative co-citation indicators, especially Salton’s Cosine and comparing the contribution of these indicators to the understanding of a domain, applying them to the universe of "Metric Studies" at the BRAPCI base. It also aims at presenting the co-citation network generated from the absolute frequencies and highlighting the groupings of co-cited authors, depending on the relative values, integrating and explaining the information from the two indexes. The domain analysis, by means of its 11 approaches, including “Bibliometric Studies”, focuses on the science characterization and evaluation, in that it allows us to identify and to analyze the conditions under which the scientific knowledge is constructed and socialized. In these studies, the contribution of citation and co-citation analysis is highlighted. Of the total of 147 articles retrieved at BRAPCI base, the authors cited in at least 11 articles, in a total of 38 researchers, were selected. The 38 x 38 symmetric matrix with the absolute frequencies of co-citation and the matrix with the relative values of Salton’s Cosine were generated. The co-citation network with absolute frequency values were constructed, through Ucinet software. Cluster analysis of data with relative values wer performed, using the SPSS software. Significant differences between the absolute and relative indexes, with some high absolute values of co-citation were observed; when considered in relation to the presence of each author, their significance is decreased. As to the generated network, seven groups were determined, in which only one is established for close themes and comes from co-citations in the original sense of the term. Five groups present closeness in absolute and relative indicators. It can be concluded about the importance of the studies of authors' co-citation analysis, which associate the two indexes, absolute and relative, in order to visualize and understand the underlying structures of a scientific domain.
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This research aims at verifying the authors who have given basis to the brazilian researches internationally inserted in the area of Bibliometrics and Scientometrics through the analysis of citation and co-citation of the brazilian articles published in the journal Scientometrics. We used the Scopus data base, with the terms Scientometrics in source title and Brasil or Brazil in affiliation country. We found 53 articles, with 741 references and 19 authors cited 3 or more times. In general, the researchers come from the biologic and health areas. Using the Ucinet software, we build the co-citation network and calculated its indicators. We calculated the co-citation normalized index. The density and average of normalized degree centrality were 65,5%. We concluded the research highlighting the significant presence of brazilians (32%) and the dialogicity occurring between cited Brazilians and foreigners within a balance, where brazilians already dialog with renowned international researchers of the Bibliometrics and Scientometrics area.
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This research aims at analyzing the researchers with major insertion and impact within the GT7 ENANCIB community, through an analysis study of citation and co-citation from 2003 to 2010. We propose to highlight the researchers cited in a greater number of papers, as well as the number of citations received. Also, to describe the co-citation network intending to analyze the interlocution network built by the writers towards the cited ones and calculate the indicators of density and centrality of the network. As for the theoretical-methodological basis, we used the Domain Analysis (D.A.), seen as the reflexion of a discourse community. Among the 11 approaches about D.A, the bibliometric studies stand out. Data from the 124 researches presented in the period of this study showed 1446 cited researches for a total of 2307 citations. From the total number of cited researchers in a greater number of papers, 33 were considered authors of major impact and visibility, being cited in at least 8 papers, thus getting at least 8 citations. The software Ucinet was used to map and visualize the net of interlocution established by the citing papers. As for the results, we could notice that, from the total of 33 researchers, 23 are Brazilian, 20 take part in Post-Graduation Programs and 11 are granted CNPq scholarships of productivity. Furthermore, we highlighted the most cited themes and analyzed the relationship involving the number of citations according to the number of papers in which the researcher was cited and the number of researches cited from each researcher. Regarding the network structure, we could observe that the authors form a single component, indicating that the group of researchers co-cited reveals proximity and theoretical, conceptual and methodological articulations. We concluded that the citing community adopts ordinary theoretical schools; moreover, we might characterize the core of the known researchers as a foundation for the knowledge of the GT7 theme.