Stile. Teoria e prassi nell'opera di Viollet-le-Duc

Per Viollet-le-Duc lo “stile” «è la manifestazione di un ideale fondato su un principio» dove per principio si intende il principio d’ordine della struttura, quest’ultimo deve rispondere direttamente alla Legge dell’”unità” che deve essere sempre rispettata nell’ideazione dell’opera architettonica. A partire da questo nodo centrale del pensiero viollettiano, la presente ricerca si è posta come obiettivo quello dell’esplorazione dei legami fra teoria e prassi nell’opera di Viollet-le-Duc, nei quali lo “stile” ricorre come un "fil rouge" costante, presentandosi come una possibile inedita chiave di lettura di questa figura protagonista della storia del restauro e dell’architettura dell’Ottocento. Il lavoro di ricerca si é dunque concentrato su una nuova lettura dei documenti sia editi che inediti, oltre che su un’accurata ricognizione bibliografica e documentaria, e sullo studio diretto delle architetture. La ricerca archivistica si é dedicata in particolare sull’analisi sistematica dei disegni originali di progetto e delle relazioni tecniche delle opere di Viollet-le- Duc. A partire da questa prima ricognizione, sono stati selezionati due casi- studio ritenuti particolarmente significativi nell’ambito della tematica scelta: il progetto di restauro della chiesa della Madeleine a Vézelay (1840-1859) e il progetto della Maison Milon in rue Douai a Parigi (1857-1860). Attraverso il parallelo lavoro di analisi dei casi-studio e degli scritti di Viollet- le-Duc, si è cercato di verificare le possibili corrispondenze tra teoria e prassi operativa: confrontando i progetti sia con le opere teoriche, sia con la concreta testimonianza degli edifici realizzati.

Analisi del trasferimento di composti fenolici in campioni non stabilizzati di succo d?uva (vitis vinifera l.) biologico mediante tecniche di macerazione alternative

Il seguente elaborato prende le mosse da un progetto, denominato Nutrid’Uva, promosso e attivamente concretizzato dall’azienda bresciana “Cascina Belmonte” di concerto con il laboratorio del Campus di Scienze Alimentari di Cesena (Università di Bologna). In particolare, si è voluta sperimentare l’applicazione di processi innovativi per la produzione di succo d’uva bio e bevande a base di succo d’uva bio proveniente da uve biologiche coltivate nell’areale della Valténesi (sponda occidentale del Garda), stabilizzati mediante l’uso di alte pressioni idrostatiche e senza trattamento termico. In questi termini, il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di: delineare il quadro generale in cui si inserisce il progetto, arricchendolo con spunti tratti dalle pratiche di processo seguite in loco; determinare il contenuto delle classi polifenoliche presenti nei campioni di alcuni succhi sottoposti a differenti tecnologie di macerazione in confronto all’abituale processo di lavorazione aziendale (vitigni ibridi diretti produttori, Barbera, Merlot, Cabernet). Si è proceduto dunque attraverso l’analisi spettrofotometrica delle principali classi di composti fenolici e dell’attività antiossidante.

A longitudinal study of Besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest France

Bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti, is commonly reported in some restricted regions of South-Western Europe, and in larger regions of Africa and Asia. This infection is thought to be transmitted by blood feeding insects and is responsible for major economic losses in cattle production. A recent emergence in Europe, notified in the Centre of France, Spain and Germany, has attracted more attention to this disease. Clinical signs could appear in some animals; however, many infected cattle remain asymptomatic or show scleral-conjunctival cysts (SCC) only. Recent development of serological methods allows carrying out seroepidemiological field studies. In this respect, a long-term investigation was performed in a dairy cattle farm localized in an enzootic area of besnoitiosis of South-western France between March 2008 and May 2009. The objective was to estimate the seasonal pattern of B. besnoiti infections based on the presence of SCC and serology (ELISA and Western blot). In parallel, an entomological survey was conducted to describe population dynamics of Stomoxys calcitrans and Tabanidae species. The seroprevalence determined by Western blot in a cohort of 57 animals continuously present during the whole survey increased from 30% in March 2008 to 89.5% in May 2009 and was always higher than the prevalence based on clinically assessed SCC. New positive B. besnoitia seroconversions occurred throughout the year with the highest number in spring. In addition, many seroconversions were reported in the two months before turn-out and could be associated with a high indoors activity of S. calcitrans during this period.

[Localised rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremities in children and adolescents: results of the French experience]

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with localised RMS of the limbs entered the MMT 89 and 95 study in France. We studied potential risk factors that were predictive of relapse and survival to propose a therapeutic approach of surgery and radiotherapy appropriate to the risk of relapse. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 6.5 years [9 months to 15.5 years]. At time of diagnosis, 43% had marginal surgery and only 13% radical intervention. Primary re-excision was performed in 12% of the patients. All patients received chemotherapy, 43% had second look surgery and 37% received radiotherapy. Fifty-four percent of all tumors relapsed: local relapse 36%, nodes l8%, metastatic 40%, local and metastatic 16%. Estimated overall 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 40 and 57%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of RMS of the limbs is bad but only 37% of the patients had radiotherapy. We could define patients with very high risk among those with limbs RMS as nodal involvement (5 years overall survival OS 22%), alveolar histology (OS 38%) and site of hand and foot (4 survivors out of 10 patients). In further studies, these patients should be treated even more aggressive with early surgery followed by re-excision if necessary, chemotherapy including alkylating agents and systematic radiotherapy.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and cervical artery dissection in 20 patients

OBJECTIVES To describe clinical-radiologic characteristics in a prospective series of patients having both confirmed reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and cervical artery dissection (CeAD). METHODS From January 2004 to December 2011, from our prospective cohorts of RCVS and CeAD, we studied patients with both conditions. RESULTS Of 173 RCVS cases and 285 CeAD cases, 20 patients (18 women, 2 men; mean age 41 years) had both RCVS and CeAD. Main associated conditions were migraine (12/20) and postpartum (5/18). Clinical features included severe headache in all patients, neck pain in 15, focal neurologic deficit in 9, and seizures in 4. Pain was the only symptom in 10 patients. All patients had multifocal cerebral vasoconstriction. There were brain lesions in 12 patients, cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage in 11, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 4, intracerebral hemorrhage in 3, and infarcts in 4. CeAD involved one artery in 13 patients and multiple arteries in 7. CeAD mostly affected vertebral arteries (25 of 30 CeAD). Only one vertebral CeAD was associated with a related symptomatic infarct. At 3 months, 18 patients had fully recovered, all patients showed reversal of cerebral vasoconstriction, and 21 dissected arteries had normalized, whereas 9 arteries showed residual stenosis (7) and/or aneurysm (3). CONCLUSION The association of RCVS and CeAD was found in 12% of our patients with RCVS and 7% of our patients with CeAD. Underlying mechanisms are unknown. In practice, our results point to the need for a systematic study of both cervical and intracranial arteries in the 2 conditions.

Le Dibbouk : légende dramatique en 3 actes

par An-Ski [d. i. Selomo Rapoport] ; vérsion franc̦aise de Marie-Thérèse Koerner

Geschichte der Juden in Strassburg : mit Ill. u. Originalwiedergaben

von Alfred Glaser