Long-term natural acidification of upland sites in Cumbria: Evidence from post-glacial lake sediments

Studies by the Freshwater Biological Association over the last 25 years have supplied data relevant to the levels of acidity in local soils and water before the onset of industrial pollution and current interest in acid rain. This article reviews published analysis from cores of lake sediments, in or near the catchment of the River Duddon. Electron spin resonance spectra of humic acids and iodine values confirm evidence from pollen analysis for a history of progressive acidification of the source material of lake sediments since before 5000 radiocarbon years, in upland catchments of the Lake District. Processes involved included: removal of basic ions from soils by rainfall, the effects of which were intensified by removal by man of deciduous forest; acidification of soils and waters by decomposition products of Calluna and further acidification of waters by Sphagnum species which colonized habitats where drainage became impeded by paludification processes.

Water mites: predators and parasites

The majority of water mites found in freshwater belong to the Hydrachnellae, a group which exhibit striking morphological diversity. This paper reviews work on the structure, morphology and taxonomy. The role of water mites as predators, their life history and their parasitic associations with aquatic insect or freshwater mollusc hosts is discussed along with the distribution of water mites in the British Isles.

'The highly nervous system of the English Lakes': aquatic ecosystem sensitivity to external changes, as demonstrated by diatoms.

The author reviews the stratigraphic diatom profile of Cumbrian lakes since the last glaciation. Knowledge of both present and previous interglacials suggests that a natural cycle of change is imposed on all lakes. The nature of inwashed material is dependant on climatic and natural soilcycles and this affects the water quality and sensitive aquatic biota. Anthropogenic effects are superimposed upon this with forest clearance and pollution. Whilst some Cumbrian diatom profiles extend over the entire post glacial, others cover only detailed sections relating to particular problems. Causes and effect of recent changes in lakes can be studied using indicator species but palaeocology contributes greatly to understanding of long term changes.

Patrimonios culturales y museos: más allá de la Historia y del Arte

Cap. 1. La reinvención del museo etnológico. Xavier Roigé i Ventura Cap. 2. La mise en patrimoine du catharisme. Enjeux de territoire, enjeux d’identité. Marie-Carmen Garcia. Cap. 3. Más allá del museo. Las activaciones económicas del patrimonio: de los parques naturales a las fiestas temáticas. Agustí Andreu i Tomàs. Cap. 4. La patrimonialización de un territorio a través de los museos etnográficos: el caso de Extremadura. Aniceto Delgado Méndez. Cap. 5. La situación de los museos, colecciones, centros de interpretación y otros equipamientos patrimoniales del Alto Pirineo catalán. Jordi Abella Pons. Cap. 6. Patrimonio, conocimiento y dinamización. Una experiencia de trabajo en el Priorat (Catalunya). Salvador Palomar. Cap. 7. Experiencias de desarrollo local en el Pirineo aragonés basadas en la valorización del patrimonio. Aurelio García Gállego. Cap. 8. Las dimensiones sociales y culturales del patrimonio edificado: una propuesta para su estudio. Iñaki Arrieta Urtizberea.

A bibliography of samplers for benthic invertebrates

This annotated bibliography covers literature to the end of November 1977, and includes references to samplers that could be used for the rapid removal of benthic invertebrates from natural substrata of rivers and streams. Marine samplers which have been, or could be, used in freshwater. Coverage of Russian literature is incomplete, although a selection of recent and important references are included. The references are arranged under the following headings, Reviews; Nets and quadrat samplers; Scoops, shovels and dredges; Grabs; Corers; Suction and air-lift samplers; Electroshocking samplers; Efficiencies and comparisons; and Samplers from catalogues. There is an index to samplers (by the common name) and an author index.

Stress, shredders and streams: using gammarus energetics to assess water quality

This paper reviews the effectiveness of Gammarus scope for growth (SfG) as an indicator of water quality. In addition, the link between physiological changes and effects at higher levels of biological organisation is addressed. Exposure to a range of toxicants resulted in decreases in Gammarus SfG which were qualitatively and quantitatively correlated with subsequent reductions in growth and reproduction. Reductions in SfG were due principally to a decrease in energy intake (i.e. feeding rate) rather than an increase in energy expenditure. Gammarus pulex is an important shredder in many stream communities and stressed-induced reductions in its feeding activity were correlated with reductions in the processing of leaf litter by a semi-natural stream community. Hence, changes in the physiological energetics of Gammarus provide a general and sensitive indicator of stress which can be linked to effects at higher levels of biological organisation. Under long-term stress and hence prolonged reductions in SfG, animals may adapt by modifying their life-history strategies and producing fewer, larger offspring.

Dokumentazioa eta ondare bibliografikoaren komunikazioa

I. Biblioteka Nazionalaren ametsa (El sueño de la Biblioteca Nacional) (Joan Mari Torrealdai). II. La Biblioteca de Catalunya, una biblioteca abierta, fiable y útil a la sociedad (Kataluniako Liburutegia, liburutegi irekia, fidagarria eta gizartearentzat onuragarria) (Dolors Lamarca). III. Armiarma.com: literaturaren sarea (Armiarma.com: portal de Literatura vasca) (Mikel Elorza). IV. GureGipuzkoa.net: atzoko eta gaurko Gipuzkoa iruditan (GureGipuzkoa.net: Gipuzkoa de ayer y hoy en imágenes) (Xabier Eskisabel Sampedro). V. Badok.info: euskal kantagintzaren ataria (Badok.info: portal de la canción y música vasca) (Jon Eskisabel). VI. www.ahotsak.com: Euskal Herriko hizkerak eta ahozko ondarea. Bilketa, katalogazioa eta hedapena (Ahotsak.com: patrimonio oral y dialectológico vasco. Recopilación, catalogación y difusión) (Asier Sarasua Aranberri). VII. La edición digital de La Vanguardia y el uso de la memoria (La Vanguardia-ren edizio digitala eta memoriaren erabilpena) (Ismael Nafría). VIII. El Servicio de Documentación de la Cadena Ser: un valor añadido a la antena (Ser Kateko Dokumentazio zerbitzua, balio erantsia antenarako) (Ana Martínez Concejo). IX. Komunikabideetako informazio dokumentalaren eskaintza (Oferta de información documental en los medios de comunicación) (Alazne Aiestaran, Teresa Agirreazaldegi, Idoia Camacho, Carmen Peñafiel eta Milagros Ronco). X. La Jungla sonora irratiko musika saioaren dokumentazioaren iturriak eta baliabideak (1989-2010) (Fuentes y recursos documentales del programa musical de radio La jungla sonora, 1989-2010) (Joseba Martín). XI. La documentación al servicio de la creación audiovisual: guión y realización del documental El secreto de Urdaneta (Dokumentazioa sormenaren alde: Urdanetaren sekretua dokumentalaren gidoia eta osaketa) (Mikel Urretavizcaya Hidalgo). XII. Semantic tags: folksonomiak hobetzeko proposamena (Semantic tags: propuesta para la mejora de las folksonomías) (Egoitz González Valderrama).

Global and local challenges for best practices in assessment. The 9th Conference on the International Test Commission. Book of abstracts

The 9th International Test Commission Conference (ITC) took place at the Miramar Palace in San Sebastian, Spain, between the 2nd and 5th of July, 2014. The Conference was titled, “Global and Local Challenges for Best Practices in Assessment.” The International Test Commission, ITC (www.intestcom.org), is an association of national psychological associations, test commissions, publishers, and other organizations, as well as individuals who are committed to the promotion of effective testing and assessment policies and to the proper development, evaluation, and uses of educational and psychological instruments. The ITC facilitates the exchange of information among members and stimulates their cooperation on problems related to the construction, distribution, and uses of psychological and educational tests and other psychodiagnostic tools. This volume contains the abstracts of the contributions presented at the 9th International Test Commission Conference. The four themes of the Conference were closely linked to the goals of the ITC: - Challenges and Opportunities in International Assessment. - Application of New Technoloogies and New Psychometric Models in Testing. - Standards and Guidelines for Best Testing Practices. - Testing in Multilingual and Multicultural Contexts.