Dishonest assistance and accessory liability

Dishonest Assistance and Accessory Liability, Paul S. Davies, Accessory Liability, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015, 294 pp, hb £54.99 In this essay review of Paul Davies' Accessory Liability, it is questioned whether dishonest assistance can be accommodated with other forms of third party liability in private law. It is argued that dishonest assistance does not involve the same conduct element as other forms of third party liability which are included in Davies’ book. Liability can arise for ‘weak’ causal links in dishonest assistance claims such as where a third party fails to intervene. It is also the case that liability can arise for involvement which arises ‘after the event’, which undermines Davies’ suggestion that there must be a causal link between a third party’s conduct and a primary wrong.

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2016

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2016

The Orientation and Onboarding of South Carolina Criminal Justice Academy Instructors

The goal of this research is to enhance what is currently being presented in the Human Resource orientation and to provide an onboarding checklist for the supervisors of newly hired instructors at the South Carolina Criminal Justice Academy. Research supports the overall goal of creating a two day orientation for newly hired instructors at SCCJA.

Criminal Records Summary of Activity by Circuit/County For Period 07/01/2015 Thru 06/30/2016 - Program-ID CRM60

This gives the criminal records summary of activity by circuit/county.

Age of pending criminal cases report for period 7/1/2016 thru 9/30/2016

This gives statistics on the age of pending criminal cases broken down by circuits and counties.

Criminal records summary of activity by circuit/county for period 7/1/2016 Thru 9/30/2016

This gives the criminal records summary of activity by circuit/county.

Identificación de redes nacionales y mundiales de distribución de petróleo y gas natural y su relación con la conformación de comunidades

El presente proyecto investiga la relación entre las organizaciones con el medio y marketing, para lo cual se debe mencionar el conflicto de intereses de la comunidad y de la organización, y como se intenta percibir a la organización como un buen vecino dentro de la comunidad. A su vez éste estudio cuenta con objetivos basados en la identificación de redes de distribución de petróleo y gas natural, tanto nacionales como internacionales, para así abarcar un sector estratégico más preciso, y mostrar las relación entre las organizaciones y la conformación de comunidades. Se tienen en cuenta factores elementales en el estudio de este sector energético, como son sus principales componentes, así como un marco teórico específico que permita desarrollar el concepto de conformación de comunidades para lograr una exitosa aplicación del mismo. Del mismo modo se incluirán temas relacionados con marketing, pero desde un punto de vista más cercano a la comunidad, tomando los medios y el marketing como un concepto más importante en el impacto de las organizaciones en la comunidad, es decir tomando el concepto de marketing como aquellas comunidades que rodean las organizaciones, como éstas dos interactúan, y que impactos tienen una sobre la otra. De la misma manera se tienen resultados en cuanto a planteamientos más profundos sobre conceptos de marketing que no son desarrollados muy a menudo, los cuales conservan su esencia fundamental y siguen impactando en silencio a las organizaciones, pero que si lo estudiamos y aprovechamos de algún modo lograremos beneficios para nuestra organización y para los intereses colectivos.

Debilidad del control territorial por parte del estado. Estudio de caso: el surgimiento de la banda criminal de “los rastrojos” en el Valle del Cauca (2006-2014)

El propósito de la presente investigación es el de analizar la debilidad que ha tenido el Estado colombiano con respecto a la obtención del control territorial en algunas áreas específicas del departamento del Valle del Cauca, considerando variables fundamentales como la coerción, el capital y la justicia, en su mayoría planteadas por Charles Tilly como elementos básicos de cualquier Estado. Se analizan y explican los periodos de violencia, y la consolidación de grupos al margen de la ley en Colombia y en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, evidenciando la debilidad del Estado en ciertas áreas a lo largo de los años, tomando finalmente como estudio de caso el surgimiento de la banda criminal de “los Rastrojos” posterior a la desmovilización de las AUC, como actor al margen de la ley que disputa el poder y ejerce ilegalmente funciones del Estado.

The United Nations 'quasi-prosecutorial' investigative mechanisms: assessing a new institutional model in the international criminal justice landscape

This work aims to provide a theoretical examination of three recently created bodies of the United Nations mandated to investigate the alleged international crimes committed in Syria (IIIM), Iraq (UNITAD) and Myanmar (IIMM). Established as a compromise solution in the paralysis of international criminal jurisdictions, these essentially overlapping entities have been depicted as a ‘new generation’ of UN investigative mechanisms. While non-judicial in nature, they depart indeed from traditional commissions of inquiry in several respects due to their increased criminal or ‘quasi-prosecutorial’ character. After clarifying their legal basis and different mandating authorities, a comparative institutional analysis is thus carried out in order to ascertain whether these ‘mechanisms’ can be said to effectively represent a new institutional model. Through an in-depth assessment of their mandates, the thesis is also intended to outline both the strengths and the criticalities of these organs. Given their aim to facilitate criminal proceedings by sharing information and case files, it is suggested that more attention shall be paid to the position of the person under investigation. To this end, some proposals are made in order to enhance the mechanisms’ frameworks, especially from the angle of procedural safeguards. As a third aspect, the cooperation with judicial authorities is explored, in order to shed light on the actors involved, the relevant legal instruments and the possible obstacles, in particular from a human rights perspective. Ultimately, drawing from the detected issues, the thesis seeks to identify some lessons learned which could be taken into account in case of creation of new ad hoc investigative mechanisms or of a permanent institution of this kind.

Il diritto penale dell’ambiente tra responsabilità individuale e prevenzione collettiva. Percorsi di giustizia riparativa

Lo sviluppo della tesi intende analizzare tre tematiche che si ritengono essere cruciali nel ruolo che il diritto penale può avere per tutelare l’ambiente: in primo luogo la focalizzazione delle responsabilità in materia ambientale, tanto della persona fisica quanto della persona giuridica/ente in cui è maturata la violazione, sia essa meramente contravvenzionale, quanto delittuosa, di pericolo o di danno. In secondo luogo la prevenzione: strutturare sistemi organizzati per cogliere allerte e strutturare metodi organizzati di gestione del rischio-reato è la risposta cui l’ordinamento tende per anticipare la commissione di fattispecie dotate di potenzialità dannose a diffusività esponenziale, anche per il tramite di ipotesi di reati presupposto “sentinella”, idonei a far eventualmente scattare strumenti di prevenzione di reati più gravi, cui le stesse sono, nella prassi, prodromiche. Da ultimo, la riparazione: l’analisi delle tendenze legislative e, conseguentemente, dottrinali e giurisprudenziali di spazi per percorsi condivisi di riparazione del danno cagionato all’ambiente da parte tanto di persone fisiche quanto (e soprattutto, nell’intendimento del presente lavoro) da parte degli enti, strutture collettive che, ove organizzate, costituiscono le prime realtà a presidio tanto della prevenzione, quanto della riparazione dell’eventuale danno cagionato all’ambiente e spesso verificatosi nell’ambito della propria attività produttiva, ove lo scopo della massimizzazione del profitto deve necessariamente fare i conti, al giorno d’oggi, con la sostenibilità ambientale.

La responsabilidad civil ex delicto - el articulo 112 Del Codigo Penal español como consolidacion del paradigma utilitario de la responsabilidad civil en via punitiva. Analisis, interpretacion y propuesta de integracion de los contenidos del precepto.

Esta Tesis Doctoral analiza en profundidad el artículo 112 CP y propone una interpretación acorde con su naturaleza privada

Internet of things: legal liability of IoE devices in the home

This thesis is about the smart home, a connected ambience that will help consumers to live a more environmentally sustainable life and will help vulnerable categories of consumers to live a more autonomous life, thanks to the pervasive use of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In particular, civil liability for the malfunctioning of the smart home is the filter through which the research is carried out. I analyse whether the actual legal liability rules are ready or not to adapt to this new connected environment, such as the IoT-powered smart home. Through careful mapping of the technical and legal state of the art, the thesis argues that the EU rules on product liability contained in the Product Liability Directive (PLD) will apply consistently to these objects. This holds true even if at the time of the drafting of the thesis, the proposal on the update of the PLD had not been published yet. Through the analysis of past PLD cases, new American products liability case-law on domestic IoT objects and the latest legal scholarship’s contributions and policy inputs it was possible to anticipate some of the contents of the newly published EU PLD Update proposal.

New perspectives on A.I. in sentencing. Human decision-making between risk assessment tools and protection of humans rights.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate a field that until a few years ago was foreign to and distant from the penal system. The purpose of this undertaking is to account for the role that technology could plays in the Italian Criminal Law system. More specifically, this thesis attempts to scrutinize a very intricate phase of adjudication. After deciding on the type of an individual's liability, a judge must decide on the severity of the penalty. This type of decision implies a prognostic assessment that looks to the future. It is precisely in this field and in prognostic assessments that, as has already been anticipated in the United, instruments and processes are inserted in the pre-trial but also in the decision-making phase. In this contribution, we attempt to describe the current state of this field, trying, as a matter of method, to select the most relevant or most used tools. Using comparative and qualitative methods, the uses of some of these instruments in the supranational legal system are analyzed. Focusing attention on the Italian system, an attempt was made to investigate the nature of the element of an individual's ‘social dangerousness’ (pericolosità sociale) and capacity to commit offences, types of assessments that are fundamental in our system because they are part of various types of decisions, including the choice of the best sanctioning treatment. It was decided to turn our attention to this latter field because it is believed that the judge does not always have the time, the means and the ability to assess all the elements of a subject and identify the best 'individualizing' treatment in order to fully realize the function of Article 27, paragraph 3 of the Constitution.

Emotions in legal decisions: the construction of objective narratives in Italian criminal trials

Drawing on ethnographic data collected in Italian courts and prosecution offices, this dissertation offers new perspectives on legal decision-making by highlighting the importance of emotions for constructing and evaluating legal narratives. Focusing on criminal cases, it describes and dissects how judges and prosecutors use emotions in reflection and action tied to lay narratives and legal constraints. The analysis shows that legal professionals engage in different types of emotional dynamics when dealing with stories; first, they develop gut feelings, which are either endorsed or kept at distance by means of emotional reflexivity, to comply with legal ideals of objectivity and impartiality. Second, empathy emerges as a crucial tool to direct the interaction with lay people and to interpret legal prerequisites, such as credibility, and intent. Finally, the dissertation shows that lay stories lead legal professionals to become passionate and committed towards the correct application of the law, the restoration of the moral order, and the achievement of justice. In light of the empirical findings, this thesis strives to develop a theoretical understanding of legal decision-making as narrative work that includes emotional dynamics consistent with rational, objective action.

[climacteric Syndrome In A Northeastern Brazilian City: A Household Survey].

To assess the prevalence of Climacteric Syndrome (CS) in women from a municipality of Northeastern Brazil which is less developed socioeconomically. A prospective household survey was performed in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil with 1,210 climacteric women aged 45 to 60 years. Interviews were applied using previously tested standard questionnaires from April to July 2008. The severity of climacteric symptoms was analyzed by circulatory and psychological indexes and the latter were associated with menopausal status. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to assess the relation among climacteric symptoms. Most patients were 55 to 60 years old (35.3%), mulatto (37.9%), with 9-11 years of schooling (39.8%), with a partner (56%), Catholic (73.9%) and belonged to the socioeconomic class C (51.1%). The prevalence of CS was 85.9%, and hot flashes (56.4%) and sweating (50.4%) were the most prevalent symptoms. The most frequent psychological symptoms were nervousness (45%) and emotional liability (44.8%). The severity of vasomotor and psychological symptoms was significantly higher during the peri and postmenopausal period (p<0.05). Vaginal dryness (62.7%) was the most prevalent urogenital complaint. The prevalence of CS was high among women from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.