Condiciones, no concesiones. Cooperación económicofinanciera China-Ecuador (Tema Central)

In the last decade, the presence of China in Latin America has been characterized by a model of economic cooperation based on pragmatic principles of complementarity and mutual benefits. Latin America is presented as a “paradise” of natural resources and expanding markets, while China stands as the main financier and investor in the region. In this scenario, particularly since 2009, Ecuador has become one of the top recipients of Chinese funding and investment, mainly in strategic sectors such as energy and infrastructure. The presence of China in the country has been the subject of extensive discussions about the true benefits and costs behind its model of economic cooperation.

Documento sobre la política de China hacia América Latina y el Caribe (Archivos)

Formando parte importante del conjunto de los países en vías de desarrollo, América Latina y el Caribe constituyen una fuerza relevante en el actual escenario internacional. Las nuevas circunstancias traen renovadas oportunidades de desarrollo para las relaciones sino-latinoamericanas y no-caribeñas. La elaboración por parte del Gobierno chino del Documento sobre la Política hacia América Latina y el Caribe tiene como propósito manifestar con mayor claridad los objetivos de la política china hacia la región, plantear los principios rectores de la cooperación en las diversas áreas durante un determinado período del futuro y promover el continuo desarrollo sano, estable e integral de las relaciones sino-latinoamericanas y sino-caribeñas.

Alternativas para a superação de obstáculos relativos à criação de valor, aumento da competitividade e acordos comerciais Internacionais na negociação comercial do Brasil com a China: o caso da soja

China and Brazil have got commercial potentials and strategic partnerships are desired from both sides, but in order to guarantee long term, stable relationship these countries must overcome barriers and obtain mutual gains. The objective of this study was to determine how one can overcome obstacles related to value creation, enhance of competitiveness and international deals in terms of Brazil-China commercial negotiation specifically for soy beans. The CEO of one of the biggest and most important international trading-companies has been contacted and mentioned problems faced by his company in terms of brazillian soy beans sale to chinese clients. Problems such as: the break up of legally based contracts, demanding public pressure, insufficient infra-structure in Brazil for production dispatching, cultural differences, lack of trust, power asymmetry were related and has been analyzed on this study. The perspective used on this study refers to elements, processes and forms of negotiation between these two continental giants.

Relações comerciais entre Brasil e China : uma análise de bem-estar a partir de um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável

O propósito deste trabalho é examinar possíveis ganhos de bem-estar provenientes de arranjos comerciais entre Brasil e China sob a ótica de um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável, o chamado “modelo GTAP” (sigla para Global Trade Analysis Project). Com base em uma descrição extensiva das estruturas econômicas e comerciais dos países e das Vantagens Comparativas de cada um deles, é possível simular acordos preferenciais de comércio e analisar os resultados de bem-estar por meio da medida de Variação Equivalente. Outro aspecto referente ao comércio sino-brasileiro que pode ser avaliado pela medida de bem-estar é o desalinhamento cambial dos dois países e as consequências deste para as transações comerciais entre ambos. Utilizando o mesmo ferramental anteriormente citado, o trabalho busca avaliar o impacto de tal desalinhamento no bem-estar dos países, uma vez que o câmbio seja corrigido via ajuste tarifário.

Aspectos do comércio entre China e Brasil e seus impactos

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo clarificar alguns pontos da relação comercial entre Brasil e China. Em grande parte é um trabalho descritivo, que utiliza diferentes agregações de produtos (Sistema harmônico; Broad Economic Categories), a fim de construir um cenário completo desta relação. Efeitos totais na produção brasileira, oriundos da demanda Chinesa por produtos Brasileiros também são analisados. Para tal utilizamos o ferramental de Matriz de Insumo Produto. Este efeito também é construído para o comércio do Brasil com os outros países do Mundo, e uma comparação é estabelecida. No fim do trabalho temos um estudo sobre possibilidades de comércio que ainda não foram exploradas entre esses dois países.

Genetic Structure of Populations of the Rice-Infecting Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA from China

Sheath blight disease (SBD) on rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, is one of the most devastating rice diseases on a global basis, including China (in Eastern Asia), the world's largest rice-growing country. We analyzed the population genetics of nine rice-infecting populations from China using nine microsatellite loci. One allopatric population from India (Southern Asia) was included in the analyses. In total, 300 different multilocus genotypes were found among 572 fungal isolates. Clonal fractions within rice fields were 16 to 95%, suggesting that sclerotia were a major source of primary inoculum in some fields. Global Phi(ST) statistics (Phi(ST) = 42.49; P <= 0.001) were consistent with a relatively high level of differentiation among populations overall; however, pairwise comparisons gave nonsignificant R(ST) values, consistent with contemporary gene flow among five of the populations. Four of these populations were located along the Yangtze River tributary network. Gene flow followed an isolation-by-distance model consistent with restricted long-distance migration. Historical migration rates were reconstructed and yielded values that explained the current levels of population subdivision. Except for one population which appeared to be strictly clonal, all populations showed evidence of a mixed reproductive mode, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. One population had a strictly recombining structure (all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) but the remaining populations from China and the one from India exhibited varying degrees of sexual reproduction. Six populations showed significant F(IS) values consistent with inbreeding.

Panorama de la Inserción Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe 2005-2006

Incluye Bibliografía

Argentina - India: un desafío y una oportunidad para la vinculación económica y comercial

Incluye Bibliografía

República Popular China: un desafío y una oportunidad para el sector agroalimentario de la República Argentina: herramientas para exportar

Incluye Bibliografía

India and Latin America and the Caribbean: opportunities and challenges in trade and investment relations

Includes Bibliography

Promoción del comercio y la inversión con China: desafíos y oportunidades en la experiencia de las cámaras empresariales latinoamericanas

Prólogo de Alicia Bárcena

Las relaciones entre América Latina y África: ¿potenciales o ilusorias?

Incluye Bibliografía

Brazil and India: two BRICs as a building bloc for South-South cooperation""

Includes Bibliography

Oportunidades y desafíos de los vínculos económicos de China y América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

El huésped no invitado del TLCAN: China y la desintegración del comercio en América del Norte

Incluye Bibliografía