Evaluation of the economic costs and benefits of methods for reducing nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico: Topic 6 Report for the Integrated Assessment on Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico.

In this report we analyze the Topic 5 report’s recommendations for reducing nitrogen losses to the Gulf of Mexico (Mitsch et al. 1999). We indicate the relative costs and cost-effectiveness of different control measures, and potential benefits within the Mississippi River Basin. For major nonpoint sources, such as agriculture, we examine both national and basin costs and benefits. Based on the Topic 2 economic analysis (Diaz and Solow 1999), the direct measurable dollar benefits to Gulf fisheries of reducing nitrogen loads from the Mississippi River Basin are very limited at best. Although restoring the ecological communities in the Gulf may be significant over the long term, we do not currently have information available to estimate the benefits of such measures to restore the Gulf’s long-term health. For these reasons, we assume that measures to reduce nitrogen losses to the Gulf will ultimately prove beneficial, and we concentrate on analyzing the cost-effectiveness of alternative reduction strategies. We recognize that important public decisions are seldom made on the basis of strict benefit–cost analysis, especially when complete benefits cannot be estimated. We look at different approaches and different levels of these approaches to identify those that are cost-effective and those that have limited undesirable secondary effects, such as reduced exports, which may result in lost market share. We concentrate on the measures highlighted in the Topic 5 report, and also are guided by the source identification information in the Topic 3 report (Goolsby et al. 1999). Nonpoint sources that are responsible for the bulk of the nitrogen receive most of our attention. We consider restrictions on nitrogen fertilizer levels, and restoration of wetlands and riparian buffers for denitrification. We also examine giving more emphasis to nitrogen control in regions contributing a greater share of the nitrogen load.

光合细菌 Rhodopseudomonas capsulata BG-6 的分离、鉴定、生长特性及其氮素代谢的初步研究

本篇论文报道了从北京市高碑店地区污水中分离获得的一株光合细菌的鉴定过程。报道了对其生长特性，工厂发酵罐大规模生产进行研究的结果，报道了对该菌株氮素营养和氮素代谢特点所做的初步研究的结果。整个工作有利于今后系统研究该菌株的代谢特点和利用该菌株进行实际应用。

6-苄基腺嘌呤在植物中的吸收、运转、代谢及其对蒜苔营养物质再分配的调节

本文以黄瓜幼贡和离体蒜苔为材料，研究了细胞分裂素BAP在植物中的吸收、运转、代谢，及其对离体蒜苔营养物质再分配的调节。 黄瓜幼苗功能大速、大量地吸收外源BAP，其吸收的方式为被动吸收。BAP的吸收和其浓度在相当在的范围内（0.00015-10ppm）成严格的线性关系;饲喂BAP后的幼苗转移到无BAP的营养液培养时，幼苗体内的BAP大量外漏，进入营养液，直到细胞内外的BAP浓度大致平衡。 去根黄化黄瓜苗吸收外源BAP后迅速运转。约有6%的BAP能到达子叶。BAP的运转基本上只在初期，即吸收开始后最初的几个小时中进行光照对BAP的运转有促进作用。在离体蒜苔中，苔茎中部注射的BAP能极性地向上运转并在珠蒜中积累，这个过程是随着时间而逐渐进行的，到第20天，约有48%的BAP在珠蒜中积累。 去根黄化黄瓜苗下胚轴茎部吸收BAP后迅速代谢。首先形成大量的BAP—核苷，随后又迅速减少，而BAP—葡萄糖苷逐渐增加，成为主要的代谢物。BAP—核苷含量的这种变化可能是BAP吸收后只在最初的内个小时中运转这一现象的直接原因。在下胚轴上部，初期BAP—核苷含量极高，随后逐渐减少，也说明黄瓜苗中BAP—核苷是BAP的动转形式。BAP浓度极低时，其代谢速度稍有放慢。 BAP处理蒜苔对其内3H—葡萄糖的分布有显著影响，在顶端处理时促进葡萄糖向珠蒜中积累，在茎部处理时刺激葡萄糖向茎部移动。幼嫩和迅速衰老的蒜苔，其对BAP的敏感性差异颇大。BAP调节蒜苔营养物质再分配的作用可能是通过刺激处理部位的生长而产生的。

St. John, USVI mission report, NOAA/NOS/NCCOS/CCMA/Biogeography Branch, July 6 - July 17, 2009

The intent of this field mission was to continue ongoing efforts: (1) to spatially characterize and monitor the distribution, abundance and size of reef fishes, and the abundance of macroinvertebrates (conch, Diatema, lobster) within and around the waters of the Virgin Islands National Park (VIIS) and newly established Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICR), (2) to correlate this information to in-situ data collected on associated habitat parameters, (3) to use this information to establish the knowledge base necessary for enacting management decisions in a spatial setting and (4) to establish the efficacy of those management decisions. An additional focus this year, was to evaluate a new habitat data collection method for RHA sites (MSR and some Coral Bay sites). There are concerns that the cylinder habitat data are not reflective of the fish transect habitat. To address this, we collected habitat data at 5x4 m increments along the transect in addition to data collected using the cylinder method. We are currently assessing the potential differences between these methods and preliminary results indicate that the average difference of coral cover estimates between the two methods was 4.1% (range 0-11%) based on 16 sample sites. In addition, Erinn Muller, a Nancy Foster Fellowship recipient, collaborated with the Biogeography Branch to examine the spatial distribution of coral diseases, to provide baseline information on disease prevalence over varying spatial scales and to establish spatial distributions of coral diseases around St. John.