Litoestratigrafia e deforma����o cenz��ica na regi��o de Icapu��, Cear��, e implica����es para a estrutura����o de campos de petr��leo na borda ocidental da bacia Potiguar(NE do Brasil)

This thesis deals with the sedimentological/stratigraphic and structural evolution of the sedimentary rocks that occur in the NW continental border of the Potiguar Basin. These rocks are well exposed along coastal cliffs between the localities of Lagoa do Mato and Icapu��, Cear�� State (NE Brazil). The sedimentological/stratigraphic study involved, at the outcrop scale, detailed facies descriptions, profile mapping of the vertical succession of different beds, and columnar sections displaying inferred lateral relationships. The approach was complemented by granulometric and petrographic analyses, including the characterization of heavy mineral assemblages. The data set allowed to recognize two kinds of lithological units, a carbonate one of very restricted occurrence at the base of the cliffs, and three younger, distinct siliciclastic units, that predominate along the cliffs, in vertical and lateral extent. The carbonate rocks were correlated to the late Cretaceous Janda��ra Formation, which is covered by the siliciclastic Barreiras Formation. The Barreiras Formation occurs in two distinct structural settings, the usual one with nondeformed, subhorizontal strata, or as tilted beds, affected by strong deformation. Two lithofacies were recognized, vertically arranged or in fault contacts. The lower facies is characterized by silty-argillaceous sandstones with low-angle cross bedding; the upper facies comprises medium to coarse grained sandstones, with conglomeratic layers. The Tibau Formation (medium to coarse-grained sandstones with argillite intercalations) occurs at the NW side of the studied area, laterally interlayered with the Barreiras Formation. Eolic sediments correlated to the Potengi Formation overly the former units, either displaying an angular unconformity, or simply an erosional contact (stratigraphic unconformity). Outstanding structural features, identified in the Barreiras Formation, led to characterize a neocenozoic stress field, which generated faults and folds and/or reactivated older structures in the subjacent late cretaceous (to paleogene, in the offshore basin) section. The structures recognized in the Barreiras Formation comprise two distinct assemblages, namely a main extensional deformation between the localities of Ponta Grossa and Redonda, and a contractional style (succeeded by oblique extensional structures) at Vila Nova. In the first case, the structural assemblage is dominated by N-S (N��20��Az) steep to gently-dipping extensional faults, displaying a domino-style or listric geometry with associated roll-over structures. This deformation pattern is explained by an E-W/WNW extension, contemporaneous with deposition of the upper facies of the Barreiras Formation, during the time interval Miocene to Pleistocene. Strong rotation of blocks and faults generated low-angle distensional faults and, locally, subvertical bedding, allowing to estimate very high strain states, with extension estimates varying between 40% up to 200%. Numerous detachment zones, parallel to bedding, help to acommodate this intense deformation. The detachment surfaces and a large number of faults display mesoscopic features analoguous to the ones of ductile shear zones, with development of S-C fabrics, shear bands, sigmoidal clasts and others, pointing to a hydroplastic deformation regime in these cases. Local occurrences of the Janda��ra limestone are controled by extensional faults that exhume the pre-Barreiras section, including an earlier event with N-S extension. Finally, WNWtrending extensional shear zones and faults are compatible with the Holocene stress field along the present continental margin. In the Vila Nova region, close to Icapu��, gentle normal folds with fold hinges shallowly pluging to SSW affect the lower facies of the Barreiras Formation, displaying an incipient dissolution cleavage associated with an extension lineation at high rake (a S>L fabric). Deposition of the upper facies siliciclastics is controlled by pull-apart graben structures, bordered by N-NE-trending sinistral-normal shear zones and faults, characterizing an structural inversion. Microstructures are compatible with tectonic deformation of the sedimentary pile, burried at shallow depths. The observed features point to high pore fluid pressures during deformation of the sediments, producing hydroplastic structures through mechanisms of granular flow. Such structures are overprinted by microfractures and microfaults (an essentially brittle regime), tracking the change to microfracturing and frictional shear mechanisms accompanying progressive dewatering and sediment lithification. Correlation of the structures observed at the surface with those present at depth was tested through geophysical data (Ground Penetrating Radar, seismics and a magnetic map). EW and NE-trending lineaments are observed in the magnetic map. The seismic sections display several examples of positive flower structures which affect the base of the cretaceous sediments; at higher stratigraphic levels, normal components/slips are compatible with the negative structural inversion characterized at the surface. Such correlations assisted in proposing a structural model compatible with the regional tectonic framework. The strong neogenepleistocene deformation is necessarily propagated in the subsurface, affecting the late cretaceous section (A��u and Janda��ra formations), wich host the hydrocarbon reservoirs in this portion of the Potiguar Basin. The proposed structural model is related to the dextral transcurrent/transform deformation along the Equatorial Margin, associated with transpressive terminations of E-W fault zones, or at their intersections with NE-trending lineaments, such as the Ponta Grossa-Fazenda Bel��m one (the LPGFB, itself controlled by a Brasiliano-age strike-slip shear zone). In a first step (and possibly during the late Cretaceous to Paleogene), this lineament was activated under a sinistral transpressional regime (antithetic to the main dextral deformation in the E-W zones), giving way to the folds in the lower facies of the Barreiras Formation, as well as the positive flower structures mapped through the seismic sections, at depth. This stage was succeeded (or was penecontemporaneous) by the extensional structures related to a (also sinistral) transtensional movement stage, associated to volcanism (Macau, Messejana) and thermal doming processes during the Neogene-Pleistocene time interval. This structural model has direct implications to hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation activities at this sector of the Potiguar Basin and its offshore continuation. The structure of the reservoirs at depth (A��u Formation sandstones of the post-rift section) may be controlled (or at least, strongly influenced) by the deformation geometry and kinematics characterized at the surface. In addition, the deformation event recognized in the Barreiras Formation has an age close to the one postulated for the oil maturation and migration in the basin, between the Oligocene to the Miocene. In this way, the described structural cenario represents a valid model to understand the conditions of hydrocarbon transport and acummulation through space openings, trap formation and destruction. This model is potentially applicable to the NW region of the Potiguar Basin and other sectors with a similar structural setting, along the brazilian Equatorial Atlantic Margin

Macrofauna de ambientes n��o consolidados adjacentes �� recifes da ��rea de prote����o ambiental dos recifes de corais Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

This study aimed to characterize, for the first time, the benthic invertebrates that inhabit the region of soft bottoms adjacent to the APARC reefs in order to situate them as an important component of infralittoral coastal areas of Northeast Brazil. Soft bottoms areas of APARC corresponds to infralittoral zones vegetated by seagrass Halodule wrightii and unvegetated infralittoral zones, both subjected to substantial hydrodynamic stress. Through scuba diving, biological and sedimentary samples of both habitats were analyzed, with a cylindrical sampler. We identified 6160 individuals belonging to 16 groups and 224 species. The most abundant macrofaunal group was Polychaeta (43%), followed by Mollusca (25%) and Crustacea (14%), what was expected for these environments. In the first chapter, regarding vegetated areas, we tested three hypotheses: the existence of differences in the faunal structure associated with H. wrightii banks submitted to different hydrodynamic conditions; the occurrence of minor temporal variations on the associated macrofauna of banks protected from hydrodynamic stress; and if the diversity of macrofauna is affected by both benthophagous predators and H. wrightii biomass. It was observed that macrofauna associated at the Exposed bank showed differences in structure when comparing the Protected bank, the granulometry of the sediments, that co-varies with the hydrodynamism, was the cause of these variations. The results also pointed to a lower temporal variation in the macrofaunal structure on the Protected bank and a negative relation between macrofaunal and benthophagous fish abundance. At the Exposed bank, a greater faunal diversity was observed, probably due to the higher seagrass biomass. The second chapter compares the vegetated and non-vegetated areas in order to test the hypothesis that due to greater seasonal stability in tropical environments, seagrass structure would act to distinguish the vegetated and non-vegetated areas macrofauna, over time. It was also expected that depositivores were the most representative invertebrates on non-vegetated environments, on the assumption that the seagrass bank would work as a source of debris to adjacent areas, enriching them. Considering all sampling periods, the total macrofauna abundance and diversity were higher in vegetated areas, when compared to non-vegetated ones. Seasonally, the structural complexity provided by Halodule differentiated more clearly the fauna from vegetated and non-vegetated areas, but only at the climatic extremes, i.e. Dry season (extreme climatic stability, with low hydronamism variation) and Rainy season (great hydrodynamism variation and probably vegetated bank burial). Furthermore, the high organic matter levels measured in the sandy banks coincided with an outstanding trophic importance of deposit feeders, proving the debris-carrying hypothesis. The last chapter focused on the non-vegetated areas, where we tested that the hypothesis infaunal halo in tropical reefs depending on local granulometry. In this context, we also tested the hypothesis that benthophagous fish predation would have an effect on the low abundance of macrofaunal groups due to the high hydrographic stress, thus allowing other predatory groups to have greater importance in these environments. Proving the hypothesis, no spatial variation, both on abundance families neither on community structure, occur along distance of the edge reefs. However, we found that complex combinations of physical factors (grain size and organic matter levels originated from local hydronamic conditions) covary with the distance from the reefs and has stronger influence on macrofauna than considered biological factors, such as predation by benthophagous fishes. Based on the main results, this study shows that unconsolidated areas around APARC reefs are noteworthy from an ecological and conservational point of view, as evidenced by the biota-environment and organismal relations, never before described for these areas

Limites e evolu����o geodin��mica do Sistema Jaguaribeano, Prov��ncia Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil

The studied area is geologically located in the Northern Domain of the Borborema Province (Northeast Brazil), limited to the south by the Patos shear zone. Terranes of the Jaguaribeano system are dominant, flanked by the Piranhas (E and S sides) and Central Cear�� (NE side) terranes. Its basement comprises gneiss -migmatite terrains of Paleoproterozoic to Archean age (2.6 to 1.9 Ga old), overprinted by neoproterozoic to cambrian tectonotherma l events. Narrow supracrustal belts ( schist belts) display a 1.6 to 1.8 Ga age, as shown by whole - rock Rb-Sr and zircon U-Pb and Pb/Pb dates in acid metavolcanics which dominate in the lower section of these sequences, and in coeval metaplutonics (granitic augen gneisses). From the stratigraphic point of view, three Staterian belts are recognized: 1. Or��s Belt - made up by the Or��s Group, subdivided in the Santar��m (predominantly pure to impure quartzites, micaschists and metacarbonates) and Campo Alegre (metandesites, metabasalts, metarhyolites and metarhyodacites, interlayered with metatuffs and metasediments) formations, and by the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite (granitic augen gneisses). 2. Jaguaribe Belt - its lithostratigrahic-lithodemic framework is similar to the one of the Or��s Belt, however with a greater expression of the volcano -plutonic components (Campo Alegre Formation and Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite). The Peixe Gordo Sequence, separately described, is also related to this belt and contain s metasedimentary, metavolcanic (with subordinated volcanoclastics) and metaplutonic units. The first one correlated to the Or��s Group and the latter the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite. 3. Western Potiguar Belt - represented by the Serra de S��o Jos�� Gro up, subdivided in the Catolezinho (biotite -amphibole gneisses with intercalations of metacarbonates, calcsilicate rocks, amphibolites and quartzite beds to the top) and Minhuins (quartzites, micaschists, metaconglomerates, calcsilicate rocks, acid to the b asic metavolcanics and metatuffs) formations. Its late Paleoproterozoic (Staterian) age was established by a Pb/Pb date on zircons from a granitic orthogneiss of the Catolezinho Formation. The petrographic characteristics and sedimentary structures of the Santar��m Formation of the Or��s Group point to deltaic to shallow marine depositional systems, overlain by deep water deposits (turbidites). The geodynamic setting of this region encompassed a large depositional basin, probably extending to the east of the Portalegre shear zone and west of the Senador Pompeu shear zone, with possible equivalents in the Jucurutu Formation of the Serid�� Belt and in the Cear�� Group of central Cear��. The Arneir��z Belt, west Cear��, displays some stratigraphic features and granito ids geochemically akin to the ones of the Or��s Belt. The evolutionary setting started with an extensional phase which was more active in the eastern part of this domain (Western Potiguar and part of the Jaguaribe belts), where the rudite and psamite sedime ntation relates to a fluviatile rift environment which evolved to a prograding deltaic system to the west (Or��s Group). The basaltic andesitic and rhyolitic volcanics were associated to this extensional phase. During this magmatic event, acid magmas also crystallized at plutonic depths. The Or��s Group illustrates the environmental conditions in the western part of this domain. Later on, after a large time gap (1.6 to 1.1 Ga), the region was subjected to an extensional deformational episode marked by 900 Ma old (Sm-Nd data) basic rocks, possibly in connection with the deposition of the Cachoeirinha Group south of the Patos shear zone. In the 800 to 500 Ma age interval, the region was affected by important deformational and metamorphic events coupled with in trusion of granitic rocks of variable size (dykes to batholiths), related to the Brasiliano/Pan -African geotectonic cycle. These events produced structural blocks which differentiate, one from the other, according to the importance of anatectic mobilizatio n, proportion of high-grade supracrustals and the amount of neoproterozoic -cambrian granitoid intrusions. On this basis, a large portion of the Jaguaretama Block/Terrane is relatively well preserved from this late overprint. The border belts of the Jagua retama Block (Western Potiguar and Arneiroz) display kyanite-bearing (medium pressure) mineral associations, while in the inner part of the block there is a north-south metamorphic zoning marked by staurolite or sillimanite peak metamorphic conditions. Regarding the deformations of the Staterian supracrustal rocks, second and third phases were the most important, diagnosed as having developed in a progressive tectonic process. In the general, more vigorous conditions of PT are related to the interval tardi - phase 2 early-phase 3, whose radiometric ages and regional structuring indicators places it in the Brasiliano/Pan-African Cycle. In the Staterian geodynamic setting of Brazilian Platform , these sequences are correlated to the lower Espinha��o Supergroup (p.ex., Rio dos Rem��dios and Paragua��u groups, a paleproterozoic rift system in the S��o Francisco Craton), the Ara�� and Serra da Mesa groups (north of Goi��s, in the so -called Goi��s Central Massif), and the Uatum�� Group (in the Amazonian Craton). Granitic ( augen gneisses) plutonics are also known from these areas, as for example the A-type granites intrusive in the Ara�� and Serra da Mesa groups, dated at 1.77 Ga. Gravimetric and geological data place the limits of the Jaguaribeano System (terranes) along the Senador Pompeu Shear Zone (western border) and the Portalegre- Farias Brito shear zone (eastern and southern). However, the same data area not conclusive as regards the interpretation of those structures as suture of the terrane docking process. The main features of those shear zones and of involved lothological associations, appear to favour an intracontinental transpressional -transcurrent regime, during Neoproterozoic-Cambrian times, marking discontinuities along which different crustal blocks were laterally dispersed. Inside of this orogenic system and according to the magnetic data (total field map), the most important terrane boundary appears to be the Jaguaribe shear zone. The geochronological data, on some tectonostratigraphic associations (partly represented by the Cear�� and Jucurutu groups), still at a preliminary level, besides the lack of granitic zonation and other petrotectonic criteria, do not allow to propose tectonic terrane assembly diagrams for the studied area

Arquitetura, litof��cies e evolu����o tectonoestratigr��fica da bacia do rio do peixe, nordeste do Brasil

The Rio do Peixe Basin is located in the border of Para��ba and Cear�� states, immediately to the north of the Patos shear zone, encompassing an area of 1,315 km2. This is one of the main basins of eocretaceous age in Northeast Brazil, associated to the rifting event that shaped the present continental margin. The basin can be divided into four sub-basins, corresponding to Pombal, Sousa, Brejo das Freiras and Icozinho half-grabens. This dissertation was based on the analysis and interpretation of remote sensing products, field stratigraphic and structural data, and seismic sections and gravity data. Field work detailed the lithofacies characterization of the three formations previously recognised in the basin, Antenor Navarro, Sousa and Rio Piranhas. Unlike the classical vertical stacking, field relations and seismostratigraphic analysis highlighted the interdigitation and lateral equivalency between these units. On bio/chrono-stratigraphic and tectonic grounds, they correlate with the Rift Tectonosequence of neocomian age. The Antenor Navarro Formation rests overlies the crystalline basement in non conformity. It comprises lithofacies originated by a braided fluvial system system, dominated by immature, coarse and conglomeratic sandstones, and polymict conglomerates at the base. Its exposures occur in the different halfgrabens, along its flexural margins. Paleocurrent data indicate source areas in the basement to the north/NW, or input along strike ramps. The Sousa Formation is composed by fine-grained sandstones, siltites and reddish, locally grey-greenish to reddish laminated shales presenting wavy marks, mudcracks and, sometimes, carbonate beds. This formation shows major influence of a fluvial, floodplain system, with seismostratigraphic evidence of lacustrine facies at subsurface. Its distribution occupies the central part of the Sousa and Brejo das Freiras half-grabens, which constitute the main depocenters of the basin. Paleocurrent analysis shows that sediment transport was also from north/NW to south/SE

Petrologia do pl��ton Serra da Macambira, neoproteroz��ico da faixa serid��, prov��ncia Borborema (NE do Brasil)

The final stage of Brasiliano/Pan-African orogeny in the Borborema Province is marked by widespread plutonic magmatism. The Serra da Macambira Pluton is an example of such plutonism in Serid�� Belt, northeastern Borborema Province, and it is here subject of geological, petrographic, textural, geochemical and petrogenetic studies. The pluton is located in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, intrusive into Paleoproterozoic orthogneisses of the Caic�� Complex and Neoproterozoic metassupracrustal rocks of the Serid�� Group. Based upon intrusion/inclusion field relationships, mineralogy and texture, the rocks are classified as follows: intermediate enclaves (quartz-bearing monzonite and biotite-bearing tonalite), porphyritic monzogranite, equigranular syenogranite to monzogranite, and late granite and pegmatite dykes. Porphyritic granites and quartz-bearing monzonites represent mingling formed by the injection of an intermediate magma into a granitic one, which had already started crystallization. Both rocks are slightly older than the equigranular granites. Quartz-bearing monzonite has K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende and few quartz, meanwhile biotite-bearing tonalite are rich in quartz, poor in K-feldspar and hornblende is absent. Porphyritic and equigranular granites display mainly biotite and rare hornblende, myrmekite and pertitic textures, and zoned plagioclase pointing out to the relevance of fractional crystallization during magma evolution. Such granites have Rare Earth Elements (REE) pattern with negative Eu anomaly and light REE enrichment when compared to heavy REE. They are slight metaluminous to slight peraluminous, following a high-K calc-alkaline path. Petrogenesis started with 27,5% partial melting of Paleoproterozoic continental crust, generating an acid hydrous liquid, leaving a granulitic residue with orthopyroxene, plagioclase (An40-50), K-feldspar, quartz, epidote, magnetite, ilmenite, apatite and zircon. The liquid evolved mainly by fractional crystallization (10-25%) of plagioclase (An20), biotite and hornblende during the first stages of magmatic evolution. Granitic dykes are hololeucocratic with granophyric texture, indicating hypabissal crystallization and REE patterns similar to A-Type granites. Preserved igneous textures, absence or weak imprint of ductile tectonics, association with mafic to intermediate enclaves and alignment of samples according to monzonitic (high-K calcalkaline) series all indicate post-collisional to post-orogenic complexes as described in the literature. Such interpretation is supported by trace element discrimination diagrams that place the Serra da Macambira pluton as late-orogenic, probably reflecting the vanishing stages of the exhumation and collapse of the Brasiliano/Pan-African orogen.

Interpreta����o s��smica e an��lise de atributos - ��rea do levantamento s��smico 3D de siririzinho (Bacia Sergipe-Alagoas, NE do Brasil)

The main objective of the present thesis was the seismic interpretation and seismic attribute analysis of the 3D seismic data from the Siririzinho high, located in the Sergipe Sub-basin (southern portion of Sergipe-Alagoas Basin). This study has enabled a better understanding of the stratigraphy and structure that the Siririzinho high experienced during its development. In a first analysis, we used two types of filters: the dip-steered median filter, was used to remove random noise and increase the lateral continuity of reflections, and fault-enhancement filter was applied to enhance the reflection discontinuities. After this filtering step similarity and curvature attributes were applied in order to identify and enhance the distribution of faults and fractures. The use of attributes and filtering greatly contributed to the identification and enhancement of continuity of faults. Besides the application of typical attributes (similarity and curvature) neural network and fingerprint techniques were also used, which generate meta-attributes, also aiming to highlight the faults; however, the results were not satisfactory. In a subsequent step, well log and seismic data analysis were performed, which allowed the understanding of the distribution and arrangement of sequences that occur in the Siririzinho high, as well as an understanding of how these units are affected by main structures in the region. The Siririzinho high comprises an elongated structure elongated in the NS direction, capped by four seismo-sequences (informally named, from bottom to top, the sequences I to IV, plus the top of the basement). It was possible to recognize the main NS-oriented faults, which especially affect the sequences I and II, and faults oriented NE-SW, that reach the younger sequences, III and IV. Finally, with the interpretation of seismic horizons corresponding to each of these sequences, it was possible to define a better understanding of geometry, deposition and structural relations in the area.

Caracteriza����o de reservat��rios silicicl��sticos neoaptianos: um estudo do membro carm��polis no campo de Camorim, sub-bacia de Sergipe, Brasil

The Camorim Oilfield, discovered in 1970 in the shallow water domain of the Sergipe Sub-basin, produces hydrocarbons from the Carm��polis Member of the Muribeca Formation, the main reservoir interval, interpreted as siliciclastics deposited in an alluvial-fluvial-deltaic context during a late rifting phase of Neoaptian age, in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. The structural setting of the field defines different production blocks, being associated to the evolution of the Atalaia High during the rift stage and subsequent reactivations, encompassing NE-SW trending major normal faults and NWEW trending secondary faults. The complexity of this field is related to the strong facies variation due to the interaction between continental and coastal depositional environments, coupled with strata juxtaposition along fault blocks. This study aims to geologically characterize its reservoirs, to provide new insights to well drilling locations in order to increase the recovery factor of the field. Facies analysis based on drill cores and geophysical logs and the 3D interpretation of a seismic volume, provide a high resolution stratigraphic analysis approach to be applied in this geodynamic transitional context between the rift and drift evolutionary stages of the basin. The objective was to define spatial and time relations between production zones and the preferential directions of fluid flow, using isochore maps that represent the external geometry of the deposits and facies distribution maps to characterize the internal heterogeneities of these intervals, identified in a 4th order stratigraphic zoning. This work methodology, integrated in a 3D geological modelling process, will help to optimize well drilling and hydrocarbons production. This methodology may be applied in other reservoirs in tectonic and depositional contexts similar to the one observed at Camorim, for example, the oil fields in the Aracaju High, Sergipe Sub-basin, which together represent the largest volume of oil in place in onshore Brazilian basins

Atitudes e conhecimentos de agentes comunit��rios de sa��de e suas relações com idosos

OBJETIVO: Analisar as relações entre agentes comunit��rios de sa��de e os cuidados prestados a idosos. M��TODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo, com 213 agentes comunit��rios das 12 unidades b��sicas de sa��de e das 29 unidades de sa��de da fam��lia de Mar��lia em 2010. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um question��rio sociodemogr��fico, um instrumento de escala de atitudes em rela����o �� velhice (Escala de Neri) e um question��rio para avaliar conhecimentos gerontol��gicos (Question��rio Palmore-Neri-Cachioni). Para a an��lise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences vers��o 16.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: Predominaram no quadro dos agentes comunit��rios os adultos jovens, do sexo feminino, casados, escolaridade > 12 anos e inseridos na atividade h�� mais de seis anos. A maioria dos agentes relatou experi��ncia com grupo de idosos e conviv��ncia intradomiciliar com pessoas dessa faixa et��ria, por��m menos da metade referiu capacita����o no tema envelhecimento. As avalia����es positivas dos agentes quanto ��s atitudes perante a velhice ocorreram principalmente em aspectos como a sabedoria e generosidade dos idosos, por��m foram marcantes as atitudes negativas para lentid��o e rigidez. O n��mero de acertos sobre gerontologia foi baixo e esteve diretamente associado ��s capacita����es recebidas pelos agentes. Foram observados estere��tipos em rela����o ao idoso, na medida em que muitos agentes os consideravam insatisfeitos e dependentes. CONCLUSIONES: Mudar as atitudes e melhorar o conhecimento que se tem acerca do envelhecimento �� essencial no enfrentamento das demandas advindas dessa fase da vida. Qualificar a forma����o do agente comunit��rio de sa��de �� fundamental no cuidado ao idoso na aten����o prim��ria.

Estudos sobre estrutura, ciclo de vida e comportamento de Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) na ��rea entre 22��S e 28��S, Brasil: 4. Crescimento: aspectos quantitativos

Foram estimados os par��metros de crescimento em comprimento e peso para Sardinella brasiliensisda costa sudeste do Brasil (22��S-28��S), evidenciando-se dois padr��es de crescimento distintos: um, para os exemplares que ocupam as regi��es estuarino-lagunares de Cananeia e Paranagu�� (25��-26��S; III) e outro, para aqueles que ocupam as regi��es costeiras da plataforma. Nestas regi��es foi identificado um grupo no extremo norte da regi��o (22��- 23��S; I) com crescimento mais intenso que o verificado para o resto da ��rea (23��-25��S; II e 26��- 28��S; IV). Os resultados sugerem que a esp��cie n��o �� homog��nea na regi��o, refor��ando hip��tese anterior.

Contribui����o para o conhecimento da biologia de Cynoscion jamaicensis (Vaillant & Bocourt, 1883), na ��rea entre Cabo de S��o Tom�� (22��04's) e Torres (29��21'S), Brasil

Este trabalho baseia-se na an��lise de dados obtidos de 1891 exemplares de Cynoscion jamaicensis coletados durante quatro cruzeiros oceanogr��ficos realizados por interm��dio do N/Oc. Prof. W. Besnard, na ��rea entre Cabo de Sao Tom�� (22��04'S) e Torres (29��30'S), at�� a is��bata de 200 m, dentro do programa FAUNEC. A esp��cie distribui-se ao longo da plataforma continental, preferencialmente na regi��o banhada pela agua costeira, com temperaturas entre 27��C e 18��C. Ocorrem concentra����es de jovens e adultos, indiscriminadamente da dist��ncia da costa; os jovens ocorreram, em fevereiro-mar��o, entre 22��S e 27��S e, nos demais per��odos, entre 23��20'S e 27��30'S, enquanto os adultos distribulram-se, em fevereiro-mar��o e maio, entre 26��S e 27��30'S e, em setembro e novembro, entre 23��S e 29��30'S. A desova ocorre entre as latitudes 24��30'S e 26��30'S, durante o fim do inverno-primavera (setembro-novembro). Concordando com o ciclo reprodutivo, o fator de condi����o mostrou varia����es c��clicas, com valor mais baixo durante setembro, per��odo de desova. O pico de recrutamento verificou-se em maio, quando ocorreram indiv��duos com comprimento total entre 70 e 90 mm, provenientes da desova do ano anterior, que ainda nao completaram um ano de idade. 0 comprimento m��dio de in��cio da primeira matura����o sexual �� de 154 mm, sendo que aos 200 mm todos os indiv��duos est��o aptos para a reprodu����o. A rela����o peso total/comprimento total apresentou diferen��as estatisticamente significativas entre sexos, com �� = 3,25 para machos e 3,10 para f��meas.

O pro-��lcool e algumas relações CTS concebidas por alunos de 6�� s��rie do ensino fundamental

A crescente degrada����o do meio ambiente e o reconhecimento, por parte da sociedade contempor��nea, da exist��ncia de problemas considerados cr��ticos, acentuadamente a quest��o energ��tica, intensifica a preocupa����o em incorporar nas atividades de ensino aspectos da rela����o do ser humano com o ambiente. A necessidade de abordar, durante atividades de ensino de ci��ncias, quest��es relacionadas com a dimens��o valorativa e aspectos da rela����o entre ci��ncia, tecnologia e sociedade passa a ser reconhecida tanto por educadores de maneira geral quanto por especialistas da ��rea, de maneira particular. O movimento Ci��ncia, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) como um conjunto de propostas para o ensino de ci��ncias �� uma conseq����ncia concreta desta tend��ncia. No caso do Brasil s��o poucas as pesquisas em ensino de ci��ncias que exploram essa possibilidade e s��o poucas as experi��ncias em termos de trabalhos em sala de aula que abordam esta quest��o. Este trabalho, realizado entre maio e novembro de 1996, sistematiza os dados coletados em uma classe de 6�� s��rie do ensino fundamental que teve como tema de estudos o Projeto Pro-��lcool. Foi planejado e desenvolvido um conjunto de atividades, utilizando-se de um n��mero bastante diversificado de procedimentos did��ticos. Os resultados de pesquisa indicam que, um trabalho que ofere��a aos alunos oportunidades de discuss��es e reflex��es, a partir de procedimentos e material did��tico diversificado e rico em termos de solicita����es e propostas aos alunos, pode promover a incorpora����o, em sala de aula, de diferentes dimens��es relacionadas com a ci��ncia, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente.

Relações entre pesquisa em ensino de Ci��ncias e forma����o de professores: algumas representa����es

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar representa����es de pesquisadores da ��rea de ensino de F��sica sobre a poss��vel interfer��ncia da pesquisa da ��rea de ensino de Ci��ncias na maneira como se formam professores no Brasil. Para tal, foram analisadas as respostas a uma quest��o formulada em entrevistas a treze pesquisadores do ensino da F��sica, indicados por seus pares por meio de correio eletr��nico encaminhado a pesquisadores do ensino de Ci��ncias, incluindo as sub��reas de Biologia, F��sica, Geoci��ncias e Qu��mica. A an��lise de discurso desenvolvida na Fran��a por Michel P��cheux, a partir de subs��dios obtidos principalmente em publica����es de Eni Orlandi no Brasil, foi o apoio te��rico que sustentou o estudo. As representa����es que os discursos selecionados permitem inferir evidenciam pequena influ��ncia. Entretanto, foram enunciados fatores de grande abrang��ncia, incluindo desde aqueles internos �� pr��pria ��rea, quanto fatores associados a pol��ticas p��blicas. Tamb��m se observou uma diversidade de posi����es entre os pesquisadores entrevistados. No conjunto, os fatores abordados pelos entrevistados constituem um amplo quadro configurativo de representa����es que pode ser elemento de reflex��o para outros pesquisadores. Acreditamos que essas representa����es t��m potencial de contribui����o para efetivas interfer��ncias na forma de realiza����o de pol��ticas p��blicas, sem a necessidade do uso de prescri����es e cada vez menos com recomenda����es vazias.

Vargas e Prestes: uma compara����o entre o trabalhismo e o comunismo no Brasil

Este texto veio a constituir parte do segundo cap��tulo de nossa tese de Mestrado - O Ato Livre: considera����es a respeito da pol��tica oper��ria - Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ci��ncias Humanas, Universidade de S��o Paulo. Nele, procuro mostrar a impressionante semelhan��a de pressupostos te��ricos subjacentes tanto a um discurso que articula a concep����o burguesa das relações sociais, criado para o controle da c/asse oper��ria, quanto a seu suposto oponente, que articularia a concep����o socialista e que, explicitamente, estaria desenvolvendo o ponto de vista marxista. Com esse objetivo, cotejo os discursos de Get��lio Vargas (pronunciados nos anos de 1946 e 1947) com os quase contempor��neos discursos de Luis Carlos Prestes (escritos em 1945). Concluo com uma breve reflex��o a respeito da origem desses pressupostos no interior do movimento comunista internacional.

A esportiviza����o do skate (1960-1990): relações entre o macro e o micro

O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar elementos da esportiviza����o da pr��tica cultural skate (1960-1990), como conhecimento para o entendimento da rela����o entre o micro e o macro processo s��cio-hist��rico do skate. Como fonte de pesquisa hist��rica para a esportiviza����o do skate no Brasil, dimens��o macro, utilizamos a Revista Tribo Skate e para a de Piracicaba/SP, dimens��o micro, entrevistamos dois colaboradores a partir do m��todo da hist��ria oral. Os resultados evidenciaram que o skate surgiu para gerar fortes tens��es agrad��veis, suas formas de lazer precedem as formas esportivas e, guardadas as particularidades, os seus processos macro e micro-hist��ricos s��o interdependentes.

An��lise flor��stica e estrutural do componente arbustivo-arb��reo de uma floresta de galeria no Munic��pio de Cristais Paulista, SP, Brasil

Remanescentes florestais na por����o nordeste do Estado de S��o Paulo s��o ainda pouco estudados quanto �� composi����o flor��stica. Foi realizado o levantamento flor��stico e fitossociol��gico de uma floresta de galeria no Munic��pio de Cristais Paulista visando �� caracteriza����o da flora do remanescente e o estudo das relações flor��sticas com outras forma����es ribeirinhas. Para o levantamento fitossociol��gico foi utilizado o m��todo de ponto-quadrante. em quatro transe����es paralelas ao curso d'��gua, foram estabelecidos 90 pontos eq��idistantes em 10 metros e amostrados os indiv��duos com PAP > 15 cm. Esp��cies em est��gio reprodutivo, n��o amostradas no levantamento fitossociol��gico, foram coletadas e identificadas. Foram encontradas 68 esp��cies, distribu��das em 37 fam��lias, das quais 53 esp��cies e 34 fam��lias foram amostradas no levantamento fitossociol��gico. O ��ndice de diversidade (H') para as esp��cies foi de 3,17 nats indiv��duo-1 e as esp��cies mais importantes (em VI) foram Virola sebifera, Protium heptaphyllum, Tapirira guianensis e Copaifera langsdorffii. A compara����o com outras florestas ribeirinhas evidenciou uma maior semelhan��a flor��stica com as florestas situadas principalmente na bacia do Rio Grande, possivelmente devido ��s condi����es semelhantes de clima, e no Brasil Central, devido �� rede de drenagem que atua como rota migrat��ria das esp��cies. Foram encontradas tamb��m muitas esp��cies compartilhadas com os cerrados, evidenciando a contribui����o da flora desse dom��nio para a floresta de galeria estudada.