Processing and Characterization of Nano-biocomposites Based on Mater-Bi® with Layered Silicates

The development of new nano-biocomposites has been one of the main research areas of interest in polymer science in recent years, since they can combine the intrinsic biodegradable nature of matrices with the ability to modify their properties by the addition of selected nano-reinforcements. In this work, the addition of mineral nanoclays (montmorillonites and sepiolites) to a commercial starch-based matrix is proposed. A complete study on their processing by melt-intercalation techniques and further evaluation of the main properties of nano-biocomposites has been carried out. The results reported show an important influence of the nano-biocomposites morphology on their final properties. In particular, the rheological and viscoelastic characteristics of these systems are very sensitive to the dispersion level of the nanofiller, but it is possible to assess that the material processing behaviour is not compromised by the presence of these nano-reinforcements. In general, both nanofillers had a positive influence in the materials final properties. Mechanical performance shows improvements in terms of elastic modulus, without important limitations in terms of ductility. Thermal properties are improved in terms of residual mass after degradation and low improvements are also observed in terms of oxygen barrier properties.

Mashāriq al-uṣūl al-mutaʻalliqah bi-al-qawānīn wa-baʻḍ al-uṣūl

[Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad].

Hādhihi taʻlīqah laṭīfah fī-mā yataʻallaq bi-qawl al-Nabīy ṣallá Allāhu ʻalayhi wa-sallam "ḥubbiba ilayya min dunyākum al-nisāʼ wa-al-ṭīb wa-juʻilat qurrat ʻaynī fī al-ṣalāt" / taʼlīf al-Shaykh al-Imām al-Ālim al-Allāmah wa-al-baḥr al-fahhāmah Shaykh al-Islām wa-al-muslimīn ʻumdat al-fuqahāʼ wa-al-muḥaddithīn Sayyidī Abū al-Suʻūd ibn Tāj al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Zakī al-Dīn al-Khazrajī al-Shāfiʻī : manuscript, 1685

Written in one column, 15 lines per page, in black rubricated in red. Title written in green and red ink.

Kitāb Mufarriḥ al-nafs / taṣnīf al-Imām al-ʻālim al-fāḍil Sharaf al-Dīn Abī Naṣr Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar ibn Abī al-Futūḥ al-Baghdādī thumma al-Māridīnī al-maʻrūf bi-Ibn al-Marah : manuscript, [ca. 1530]

The author's name appears as ابن المره in title page (f. 1r) and ابن المراه at the beginning of the book (f. 1v).

Kitāb al-Itḥāf bi-bayān aḥkām ijārat al-awqāf / li-Khātimat al-Fuqahāʼ al-Muḥaqqiqīn Mawlānā al-ʻAllāmah Aḥmad Shihāb al-Dīn Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī al-Makkī : manuscript, 1876

According to the colophon, (f. 63r), copy completed on 14 Ṣafar 1293 AH [March 10, 1876 AD].

Risālat Taʻrīf al-ṣirāh fī sulūk al-ghuzāh / min taʼlīf ʻAlī ibn Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Hindī al-mashhūr bi-al-Muttaqī : manuscript, undated

Written in one column, 9 lines per page, in black ink.

al- Taṣrīḥ bi-ghawāmiḍ al-Talwīḥ : manuscript, undated

Title from f. 1r.

Hādhihi risālah sanīyah wa-maqāmah bahīyah al-musammāh bi-Inbāʼ al-azkiyāʼ bi-taḥbīb al-ṭīb wa-al-nisāʼ ilá Sayyid al-anbiyāʼ / lil-ʻĀlim al-Amjad al-Mawlawī Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad : manuscript, 1884

Written in one column, 13 lines per page, in black and red.

Ḥāshiyat malik al-ʻulamāʼ Mawlānā ʻAbd al-ʻAlī ʻalá ḍābiṭat Tahdhīb al-manṭiq : manuscript, 1854 or 5

Written in one column, 9 lines per page, in black and red.

Kitāb al-Lumʻah fī ḥall al-kawākib al-sabʻah / taʼlīf al-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻĀlim al-ʻAllāmah waḥīd dahrih wa-farīd ʻaṣrih Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Ghulām Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Kūmī al-Rīshī al-Muwaqqit bi-Jāmiʻ al-Malik al-Muʼayyad : manuscript, 1801

Written in one column, 23 lines per pages, in black and red, each line framed within a red line.

Itḥāf al-dhakī bi-sharḥ al-Tuḥfah al-mursalah ilá al-Nabī : manuscript, [ca. 1670]

Title from ff. 1r and f. 2r.

Sharḥ Qaṣīdat Kaʻb ibn Zuhayr al-maʻrūfah bi-Bānat Suʻād / ikhtaṣarahu Sayyidunā al-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻAllāmah Zayn al-Dīn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalīl al-Khaṭīb bi-ʻAyn al-Zaytūn min sharḥ Jamāl al-Dīn Ibn Hishām : manuscript

1498.

Hādhihi risālat al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī sharḥ al-ḥadīth al-musalsal bi-al-Dimashqīyīn / taʼlīf al-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻĀlim al-ʻĀmil al-Shaykh Ismāʻīl al-ʻAjlūnī : manuscript, [1749 or 1750]

Ownership statements on f. 1r signed ʻAlī al-ʻImādī, 1175 AH [1761 or 62 AD]; Ḥāmid al-Bakrī, 1192 AH [1178-9 AD]; Muḥammad ibn Saʻīd ibn Amīn al-Munayyir (or: al-Munīr), Jumādá al-Thānī 1243 [1827-8]. On fly leaf [1]: Muḥammad Saʻīd ... al-Ḥusaynī al-Dimashqī, Rabīʻ al-Awwal [1]282 [1865]; Muḥammad Abū al-... al-Ḥusaynī al-..., 17 Jumādá al-ūlá 1317 [1899];.

Kitāb Surūr al-ṣibā wa-al-shumūl wa-murūr al-ṣabā wa-al-mashmūl / jamʻīyat al-marḥūm ʻAbd Bāshā al-shahīr bi-al-Khāl ibn al-Ṭawīl : manuscript, 1743

Written in one column with parts in two columns, 38 lines per page, in black and red.

Hādhihi talʻīqāt musammāh bi-Muhadhdhab al-Qawānīn

min muṣannafāt Aqā Mīrzā Ṣāliḥ al-maʻrūf bi-Dāmād.