972 resultados para Années 1990


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This essay studies about contemporary architecture in João Pessoa, capital city of Paraiba State, which analyzes the utilization of steel and aluminum materials from 1990 to 2002, period when significant increase of this utilization is seen. As references, the architectural analysis and Engel structures definitions were used to analyze 40 built buildings, universe researched, to bring together subsidies to comprehend the contemporary production, especially which use the metal as structural and esthetic-formal element

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El estudo que ahora apresentamos habla a respecto ala transformaçión de la Asociación de maestros del Rio Grande del Norte (APRN en sindicato de los trabajadores en educación (SINTE) en el período de 1986 1990. Tratase basicamiente de las razones que llebaran historicamente la APRN la reorganizar sus luchas, su cultura política y el su movimiento reivindicatório; que impulsionaran la construción del próprio sindicato el único de la categoria, após el regime militar em el país especialmente en el gobierno Sarney, y en el ánbito estadual com la resistência la política econômica y la repreción policial del gobierno Geraldo Melo, la época. El estudo también apunta algunas caraterísticas marcantes del contexto histórico de la educación nacional, enfatizando la asención de la escuela nueva en el Brasil en las décadas de 1920 y 1930, inclusive delante del movimiento sindical, controlado por el gobierno Vargas que tênia uma praetica corporativista. Es importante decir que esas características estavan juntas del contexto local, en el rato en que se percebia la primer gestan del prof Anfilóquio Cámara, como el primer presidente de la APRN, al partir de la su fundación (1920), y que tênia um relacionamento bastante estrecho com el poder público estadual de caráter liberal. Habia una discución sobre la abertura política y la atuación política de las clases médias brasileñas ya em 1979, y al mismo tiempo analisabase el desencandeamiento del nuevo sindicalismo en el ABC Paulista, mientras uno movimiento sindical, autônomo y democrático que tênia el objetivo de juntar lãs luchas de los operários dentro y fuera de las fábricas reivindicando basicamiente: la redución de la jornada del trabajo, reajuste de sueldo y condición del trabajo, bien como lãs sus consecuencias para el movimiento de los educadores potigurares. Al hacer en septembre de 1989, el sindicato de los trabajadores en educación del Rio Grande del Norte se desvincula definitivamiente de uma estructura sindical vertical (tradicional), que la ex-APRN herdo al longo de su História del gobierno Vargas, siempre controlada pelo Estado y que en las décadas de 1980 y 1990 fue fortalecido por la CNTE (Confederación Nacional de los Trabajadores en la, educación), principalmente, a partir del Congreso Nacional de Unificación de los Trabajadores en la Educación, realizado en Aracaju/SE em el período de 25 a 28 de enero de 1990 en el sentido tambien de las sus principais reivindicaciones: escuela pública, gratuita y de cualidades en todos los pasos, verbas públicas solamiente para las escuelas públicas, reposición de los reajustes de sueldo, condición del trabajo, sueldo unificado nacional y la eradicación del analfabetismo

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The aim of this study is the labour market at Natal Metropolitan Region with emphasis in occupations and incomes that took place at the nineties. The definition of its chronological boundaries passed by verification of existence of evident socio-spatial impacts for output, occupation and income in national economy, with rebounds in all national territory, conditioned by institutional and socio-economical transformations which marked Brazilian insertion to capital flows and commodities globalization movement that took place at the cited decade. It has been shown that such impacts did not distributed themselves equally between diverse spatial levels (great regions, federate unities, municipalities) because of historical specificities in each place in terms of output structures and organization of distinct social agents. Having as its basis the Marxist perspective, it tackled theoretically occupations and incomes, transformations in labour universe occurred at world level, mainly in most urbanized areas, and following that to focus changes occurred in Brazilian society related to the search for competitive insertion in global economy during the period regarded. Special attention was gave to Natal Metropolitan Region, because it was historically a concentration area for investments, productive structure, people, occupations and incomes generated/appropriated in Rio Grande do Norte State. The basic data sources for research were the demographic Census (micro data) made by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) intending to present the structure and the labour market dynamics, having as basis: 1) traditional indicators about labour market; 2) sectors of economic activities and 3) social positions and classes segments. One of the purposes is the demonstration that occupations and incomes keep relation with the restructuring which occurred in each specific sector during the period. Other purpose is to make explicit the factors which bear the participation of distinct segments in production or service execution that make possible the different participation in income distribution. Results are revealing the increasin precariousness in labour market, enlargement of occupations in tertiary sector and greater concentration of average incomes in the social segments which were owners of the greatest capital allowances between residents in Natal Metropolitan Region during the nineties

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The central objective of this thesis is studying the changes in the industrial sector of Campina Grande-PB, in the years 1990, about the size of that space and urban sector. The hypothesis that guides this work is that there was a reconfiguration and industrial space in recent years, the result of the restructuring of productive capital and, secondarily, public policies - economic, urban etc. - implemented in the municipality in the years 1990. This reconfiguration industrial meant thepredominance of certain productive segments of the industry and the shift towards urban-industrial areas (industrial districts). This work is guided in these two axes to explain the changes in the industrial campinense and its consequent impact on the urban development of Campina Grande. It is understood by reconfiguration industrial changes in industrial structure, namely the preponderance of one or more productive segments on the other, changing the scenario of production, employment and the number of establishments. In this study, are considered as institutional structures of support and assistance to industry, the various institutions that directly and indirectly, contribute to the development of productive activity. These structures are the first to undergo institutional changes, physical and policies because of intrinsic connection with the industry. The institutional structures contribute to the development of industrial activity and urban development. In Campina Grande, these institutions are important for facilitating the development of certain segments. In this work, sought to identify the current configuration industrial campinense, explaining how the restructuring of production transformed the industry, modifying the urban space in Campina Grande - PB, to direct itself to specific urban areas, from the early 1990

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O presente trabalho objetiva analisar o papel do crédito vinculado às tentativas de fomentar a modernização da estrutura econômica nordestina. Tal procedimento se sustenta nos financiamentos do BNB, o qual se configura como instituição financiadora do processo de industrialização da Região Nordeste. O principal fundo à essa finalidade é o FNE. Dessa maneira avaliaremos também a importância do crédito na dinâmica de regiões periféricas como o nordeste o é. Assim, indaga-se: tais mecanismos foram relevantes para eliminar os gargalos produtivos do Nordeste através da modernização de sua economia? O direcionamento do fundo ocorreu de forma a diminuir o hiato intra-regional? A suposição do trabalho é que tais fundos configuraram-se como essenciais à economia nordestina, no entanto, insuficientes para a finalidade a qual foram criados. Usa-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica alicerçada na literatura pertinente, associada a uma análise documental, a qual permite a utilização de dados estatísticos que demonstrem o desempenho do BNB referente ao objetivo do FNE. Finalmente, nota-se que, tanto houve uma concentração no direcionamento do fundo para setores menos complexos, o que contribuiu para a manutenção estrutural da economia nordestina, como o fundo atuou de forma espacialmente imperfeita garantindo a desconcentração de apenas algumas sub-regiões

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The work consists in a discussion of the evolution of formal employment in the industrial cities of Ceará state averages from 1990 to 2010, since this period was marked by important changes. It is emphasized that in order to achieve this aim, the present study was based on a survey of relevant literature on the subject, as well as the use of the Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS), published by the Ministry of Labour and Employment (MTE) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The central question to be considered in this study is how we evolved formal employment industry in medium-sized cities (Juazeiro do Norte, Crato and Sobral) of Ceará? The assumption that guides this work is that given the economic policies of the 1990 and 2000 these policies encouraged the relocation, thus implying significant growth in the formal manufacturing employment in these cities. Regarding the results obtained in the survey, it was found that the industrial sector of these cities, showed considerable dynamism in what refers to the expansion of establishments. When observed in percentage terms medium-sized cities (345.5%) had the highest growth in number of establishments in the 1990s with rates higher than the Northeast region (285.9%) and Brazil (167.5%). The highlight was the city of Juazeiro, with the highest concentration of micro and small footwear companies in the state. Regarding the number of formal jobs created in medium-sized cities, it went from 6.596 in 1990 to 41.660 million formal jobs in 2010, with a growth rate of 532%. The sector contributed most to employment generation was the footwear. Although the levels of minimum wages, the 1990 recorded the lowest levels. In the 2000, there were real gains in levels of minimum wages in all cities, however, it may be noted that over the decades there has been significant momentum. However, this momentum was not enough to prevent the end of the study period CMs-Ceará present low wages

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The Northeast has a record of fighting to reduce disparities. In late 1950, the state intervened through SUDENE, organizing and planning the promotion of development through industrialization. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the industrialization of the Northeast and evolution of formal employment in the metropolitan area of Cariri, located in the southern state of Ceará, in the case of the municipalities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha (CRAJUBAR) in decades of 1990 and 2000. The assumption permeates the SUDENE with public policies to encourage the industry, causing profound changes in the cities studied. The results indicate that the Cariri since the 1960 has been benefiting the programs implemented by SUDENE. With the implementation of these programs, with in a set of circumstances based on local vocations and state policies, there was a spatial distribution industry, triggering a growth and development on the provision of formal jobs in the industrial sector

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The analysis of some aspects of development in Brazil in the past three decades reveals an improvement on a range of indicators isolated in the south east the richest region and north east the poorest region. From a database of twenty variables, the main purpose the study was to verify if there are indications of convergence or divergence in five dimensions of development between the two regions from 1990 to 2010. Aiming to identify the states more similar and different, and to verify changes in the composition of low development groups and high development in the adressed period, was used the analysis of groupings (Cluster Analysis). Additionally, to test equality of distance between states all the time, was used the non-parametric Test of Wilcoxon. This makes it possible to verify IF the distance between the states of two regions has been increasing or has been falling, showing signs of divergence or convergence. The results of Cluster s analysis suggest that there are indications of convergence inside the cluster of north east, but the distance between two regions has not changed. The results of test of Wilcoxon suggests that there have been no changes statistically significant in the distance between the states, in the two regions the standards of development became more homogenous, but the two regions will be far apart

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Este artigo avalia os resultados do processo de reestruturação da indústria brasileira de máquinas têxteis, originado pelas reformas econômicas liberalizantes iniciadas no final dos anos 1980 e início dos 1990 e pelas medidas macroeconômicas que deram sustentação ao Plano Real, a partir de julho de 1994. Inicialmente, fazemos uma avaliação teórica das fontes do conhecimento e das formas de capacitação tecnológica nessa indústria. A seguir, expomos brevemente as principais características da indústria de máquinas têxteis em âmbito global. Posteriormente, direcionando a discussão para o caso brasileiro, apresentamos as especificidades da indústria têxtil, usuária daqueles bens, e do próprio setor de máquinas nacional. Através dos fluxos de comércio exterior do Brasil entre 1990 e 2004 e da variação do valor médio (US$ FOB/KG) desses fluxos, o artigo examina as mudanças estruturais, tecnológicas e, por conseguinte, na competitividade, que culminaram na transformação da indústria brasileira de máquinas têxteis, em termos de dimensão (escala) e escopo, e em uma nova inserção internacional, agora mais especializada e subordinada.

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This work has the main purpose of conducting a survey of educational products present in dissertations and doctoral theses focused on the use of history in mathematics teaching and Didactics of mathematics with a French foundation produced in graduate programs in the strict sense of the Brazil between 1990 and 2010, the areas of Education, Mathematics Education, school of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and related areas, according to the research proposal of Mendes (2010). Our interest was to select the products that present concrete proposals for educational activities that can be used in the classroom of Basic Education and Training of Teachers of Mathematics. The research was implemented through a bibliographic study documents the Bank of dissertations and theses from CAPES, libraries and archives of some Postgraduate programs in the country who focus their studies on the subject object of this research, besides the Brazilian Digital Library Theses and Dissertations (BDBTD). From this survey we selected works that present educational products materialized in blocks of activities based on the use of teaching history of mathematics to the classroom as well as the sequence of activities based on the Teaching of Mathematics. In possession of material, produce a CD-ROM containing the selected activities, in order to help support the work of teachers regarding the use of these activities, as a supplementary material to textbooks in their math classes

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INTRODUÇÃO: A mortalidade infantil em Presidente Prudente, SP (Brasil), foi estudada no período de 1990 a 1992, a partir de aplicação de métodos para obtenção de diagnóstico coletivo que orientassem a identificação e escolha de estratégias de controle de problemas locais. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas declarações de óbito colhidas no cartório, cujos dados originais foram corrigidos por meio de pesquisa documental nos serviços de saúde e entrevistas domiciliares. Para estudar variáveis como idade materna e peso ao nascer foram utilizados os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). A qualidade dos dados originais das declarações de óbitos foi inicialmente analisada pela quantidade de informações, sensibilidade, especificidade e valor de Kappa. RESULTADO: A sensibilidade global para a causa básica de óbito foi 78,84% e Kappa igual a 71,32 para o total de causas. Ocorreram 189 óbitos, sendo 66,15% no período neonatal (41,28% durante o primeiro dia de vida) e 33,85% no infantil tardio. O peso ao nascer de 58,28% dos óbitos foi menor que 2.500g. As causas básicas de óbito foram estudadas segundo a possibilidade de serem prevenidas (método desenvolvido por Erica Taucher) por grupos de causas reduzidas utilizadas no International Collaborative Effort (ICE), causas múltiplas e distribuição geográfica. Observou-se que nos óbitos ocorridos até 27 dias, 22,23% poderiam ser evitados por adequada atenção ao parto, 20,64% seriam redutíveis por diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, 13,75% por bom controle da gravidez e apenas 7,94% não evitáveis. Das mortes ocorridas no período infantil tardio, 12,17% foram classificadas como outras preveníveis e 4,23% foram consideradas não evitáveis. Segundo os grupos do ICE, 58,74% faleceram por imaturidade ou asfixias; 19,58% por infecções e, 12,17%, por anomalias congênitas. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem prioridade para assistência obstétrica no trabalho de parto e atenção pediátrica por baixo peso ao nascer, entre outras. A análise por causas múltiplas mostra que 76,05% dos óbitos têm as causas básicas relacionadas a causas perinatais e confirma a relação entre as deficiências de peso e as complicações respiratórias do recém-nascido. As complicações maternas também relacionaram-se com o baixo peso. Identificaram-se grandes diferenças no coeficiente de mortalidade infantil entre as áreas da zona urbana não somente restritas aos valores, como também ao tipo de doenças responsáveis pela ocorrência do óbito. Conclui-se haver vantagem no uso associado das quatro técnicas que são complementares, tanto para estudo, como para planejamento de ações dirigidas à prevenção da mortalidade infantil.

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La trajectoire du syndicalisme au Brésil de 1978 à 1998 se présente comme un passage, sur le plan de la stratégie syndicale, de la confrontation à la coopération conflictuelle, ou encore, de la lutte des classes dans la production vers une «convergence antagonique», ou un syndicalisme de participation ou de «concertation sociale», qui s'avère précisement un défensivisme nouveau, d'apparence néo-corporative. Ce que nous cherchons à caractériser ici est l'importance progressive dans la pratique syndicaliste prépondérante de la CUT dans les années 90 du nouveau corporatisme ouvrier, qui a tendance à affaiblir la perspective de classe qui a caractérisé la lutte politique et syndicale au Brésil dans les années 80.

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This article describes the genetic evolution of commercial broilers between 1990 and 2009, considering live performance, in particular, in terms of weight gain and feed conversion ratio. In order to determine if the assumption that the relationship between body weight gain and feed conversion ratio is increasing and positive, information on all broiler strains reared in Brazil were collected from several companies present in five Brazilian regions. This survey aimed at evaluating broiler live performance as a function of genetic improvement with time. Broiler performance improved, as shown by the statistical differences obtained for the following parameters: livability, live weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and production efficiency index between 1990 and 2009. However, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio are emphasized due to the significant differences found along the studied period.

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Este texto apresenta um estudo sobre a política curricular implementada no Estado de São Paulo nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 para as primeiras séries do ensino fundamental. Examina o currículo prescrito cotejando-o com os contextos práticos de desenvolvimento do currículo. A pesquisa revela que a política curricular desse período articulou-se fortemente com a produção acadêmica em educação. Ressalta ainda a continuidade na política de produção de materiais de orientação curricular nos últimos 20 anos, buscando difundir e tornar hegemônico um pensamento pedagógico inovador. Também verifica que esses materiais circularam de diferentes formas na rede de ensino e foram apropriados de maneira seletiva pelos professores que adotaram, sobretudo, as indicações práticas.