Parâmetros de fonte de microterremotos em Cascavel-CE

In this dissertation it was studied the rupture characteristic of earthquakes of the Town of Cascavel CE, Northeastern Brazil. Located on the border of the Potiguar Basin, the Town of Cascavel is one of the most seismically active intraplate areas in the country. In this town, on November 20th, 1980 a 5,2mb earthquake occurred. This was the largest earthquake ever reported in Northeast Brazil. Studies of this region using instruments were possible after 1989, with several campaigns being done using seismographic networks. From the beginning of the monitoring to April 2008 more than 55,000 events were recorded. With the data collected by a network with six 3-components digital seismographic stations during the campaigns done from September 29th, 1997 to March 5th, 1998, estimates of source parameters were found fitting the displacement spectra in the frequency domain for each event. From the fitting of the displacement spectra it was possible to obtain the corner frequency ( ) c f and long period amplitude ( ) W0 . Source parameters were determined following Brune (1970) and Madariaga (1976) models. Twenty-one seismic events were analyzed (0.7 £ £ 2.1) b m in order to estimate the source dimension (r ), seismic moment ( ) M0 , static stress drop (Ds ), apparent stress ( ) a s , seismic energy ( ) S E and moment magnitude ( ) W M for each of the events. It was observed that the ratio between radiated seismic energy and moment seismic (apparent stress) increases with increasing moment and hence magnitude at the observed range. As suggested by Abercrombie (1995), also in this work there is a breakdown in the scaling for earthquakes with magnitudes smaller than three ( < 3.0) W M , so that the rupture physics is different for larger events. If this assumption is valid, the earthquakes analyzed in this work are not selfsimilar. Thus, larger events tend to radiated more energy per unit area than smaller ones.

Platelet aggregation and TGF-beta(1) plasma levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho de bezerros holandeses alimentados após o desaleitamento com silagem de grãos úmidos ou grãos secos de milho ou sorgo

Avaliou-se o desempenho de bezerros alimentados após desaleitamento e até o abate com silagem de grãos úmidos ou grãos secos de milho ou sorgo para a produção de vitelos de carne rosa. Trinta bezerros holandeses foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco blocos e seis tratamentos, e alimentados com seis rações concentradas com teores similares de proteína (18,5% PB) e energia (3,2 Mcal EM/kg de MS), formuladas com: milho seco moído (MM); silagem de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM); sorgo seco com tanino moído, (SCTM); silagem de grãos úmidos inteiros de sorgo com tanino (SGUISCT); sorgo seco sem tanino moído (SSTM); e silagem de grãos úmidos inteiros de sorgo sem tanino (SGUISST). Os animais foram recriados em piquetes coletivos até atingirem o peso pré-estabelecido para o abate (170 ± 10 kg PC). Não houve efeito das rações concentradas sobre a altura de cernelha, a idade ao abate, os dias no experimento e os ganhos de peso diários e totais. Os custos por kg de ganho de peso das rações contendo sorgo foram mais baixos que o das rações formuladas com milho. Todos os alimentos avaliados podem ser usados em rações concentradas para bezerros após o aleitamento, pois não comprometem o desempenho e conferem resultados similares.

Desempenho de bezerros holandeses alimentados até o desaleitamento com silagem de grãos úmidos ou grãos secos de milho ou sorgo

Avaliou-se o desempenho de bezerros alimentados até o desaleitamento com silagem de grãos úmidos ou grãos secos de milho ou sorgo para posterior produção de vitelos de carne rosa. Trinta bezerros holandeses foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco blocos e seis tratamentos, e alimentados com seis rações concentradas com teores similares de proteína (22,5% PB) e de energia (3,2 Mcal EM/kg MS), formuladas com: milho seco moído (MM); silagem de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM); sorgo seco com tanino moído (SCTM); silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo com tanino (SGUSCT); sorgo seco sem tanino moído (SSTM); e silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo sem tanino (SGUSST). Os animais receberam sucedâneo de leite até atingirem o peso pré-estabelecido para desaleitamento (60 ± 5 kg). Não houve efeito das rações concentradas sobre a altura de cernelha, a idade ao desaleitamento, os consumos diários de MS diários e totais das rações concentradas, os ganhos de peso diários e totais e a conversão alimentar. Os custos por kg de ganho de peso das rações concentradas contendo sorgo foram mais baixos que o das rações concentradas formuladas com milho. Todos os alimentos avaliados podem ser usados em rações concentradas para bezerros em fase de aleitamento, pois não comprometem o desempenho e conferem resultados similares.

Desempenho e medidas biométricas de caprinos de diferentes grupos raciais

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de cabritos de três grupos raciais. Foram considerados nas avaliações o peso, o ganho de peso, as medidas biométricas, a conversão alimentar e o custo de produção relativo à alimentação. Utilizaram-se 41 cabritos, machos e fêmeas, de três grupos raciais (A - Alpino; ½ BA - ½ Boer + ½ Alpino; e ¾ BA - ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpino), avaliados aos 60, 90 e 120 dias em sistema de confinamento. As médias foram comparadas por análise de variância utilizando-se o teste Tukey. O desempenho não diferiu entre os grupos raciais. O escore corporal foi maior nos animais ¾ BA, o que pode representar vantagem econômica ao produtor se esses animais forem comercializados vivos. Com o avanço da idade, houve aumento do comprimento corporal, da altura anterior, da altura posterior, do perímetro torácico, do perímetro da perna, da largura da garupa e da largura do peito. Os machos foram superiores às fêmeas quanto às medidas biométricas e quanto ao peso ao nascimento, aos 60 e aos 90 dias. Os machos Alpinos foram mais pesados aos 120 dias e apresentaram, ainda, maior ganho de peso no intervalo dos 30 aos 60 dias. O menor custo de produção relativo à alimentação por quilograma de cabrito produzido foi observado aos 90 dias de idade.

Central muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in pilocarpine-induced salivation, hypertension and water intake

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities, phenolic acid contents, and allelochemicals-inhibited root growth of soybean

The influence of the allelochemicals ferulic (FA) and vanillic (VA) acids on peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) activities and their relationships with phenolic acid (PhAs) contents and root growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were examined. Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution containing FA or VA (0.1 to 1 mM) for 48 h. Both compounds (at 0.5 and 1 mM) decreased root length (RL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) and increased PhAs contents. At 0.5 and 1 mM, FA increased soluble POD activity (18% and 47%, respectively) and cell wall (CW)-bound POD activity (61% and 34%), while VA increased soluble POD activity (33% and 17%) but did not affect CW-bound POD activity. At I mM, FA increased (82%) while VA reduced (32%) PAL activities. The results are discussed on the basis of the role of these compounds on phenylpropanoid metabolism and root growth and suggest that the effects caused on POD and PAL activities are some of the many mechanisms by which allelochemicals influence plant growth.

Simultaneous effects of ferulic and vanillic acids on peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in soybean (Glycine max) roots

Simultaneous effects of ferulic (FA) and vanillic (VA) acids on peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) activities on soybean (Glycine max (L.) MERR.) root growth were analyzed. Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution containing FA or VA (0.5 mM; 1.0 mM or equimolar mixtures) for 48 h. Acting alone, both compounds (at 0.5 or 1.0 mM) decreased root length (RL), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and increased soluble POD and cell wall (CW)-bound POD activities. At 1.0 mM, FA increased (but VA decreased) the PAL activity. Acting simultaneously, the effects of the allelochemical interaction were lower than the sum of the effects of each compound tested separately, suggesting antagonism.

Produção de tomateiro, híbrido momotaro, em função do estádio das mudas e da enxertia

This work was carried out in a protected environment at São Paulo State University (UNESP) Sao Manuel Experimental Farm, College of Agronomical Sciences, Sao Manuel Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. The local soil was red-yellow sandy-phase latosol. The following development stages for transplanting were evaluated: seedlings presenting 5 to 6 definitive leaves, in full flowering and beginning of fruiting. Momotaro T-93 hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown on two rootstocks, the hybrids Anchor T and Kaguemusha, and in non-grafted ones. Evaluations included leaf area, seedling length, seedling dry matter at the moment of the transplant, total number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry matter of leaves below the third inflorescence, fruit classification according to diameter, and total fruit production until the eighth bunch. Non-grafted plants transplanted when they presented 5 to 6 definitive leaves had the highest mean fruit production and diameter. As regards grafted plants, no difference was detected concerning productivity and final quality when seedlings were in the stages from 5 to 6 definitive leaves until full flowering, and the rootstock Anchor T presented the best development.

Catch and selectivity parameters of the anastomid fish Schizodon nasutus using gillnets in the Jurumirim reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil)

Catch and selectivity parameters using gillnets were calculated for Schizodon nasutus in the Jurumirim reservoir on the Parana-panema River in southern Brazil. The simple gillnets used were made of monofilament nylon of 30 to 140 mm mesh size an of different heights. The relative abundance of the S. nasutus caught was analysed monthly and a positive relationship was found between catches per unit effort in number and biomass. The relative catches were more abundant for the nets of 40 and 50 mm, mesh size. Catches were characterized by clear temporal variations and a predominance of medium size fish throughout the study period. The selectivity curve of gillnets for S. nasutus in this ecosystem was obtained. The catch obtained was compared with the available catch for each mesh size, and the available catch for a certain length of fish was calculated starting from the theoretical selectivity curve. The 50 mm mesh size gillnet showed the best fit between real and available captures and was considered the most suitable, because a smaller mesh size resulted in a catch of predominantly immature specimens. It is expected that these results will contribute to improving management strategies for conservation of resources. Parameters such as the minimum catch length advisable or the mesh size permitted for a given species are indispensable for such decision-making.

Recursos pesqueiros oriundos da pesca artesanal no reservatório de jurumirim, rio Paranapanema, Alto Paraná, Brasil

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the artisanal fisheries in the village of fishermen of Bairro da Ponte, Jurumirim reservoir. Data were collected using production forms which were filled daily by a data collector, in 2005 and 2006. The fishery yield was estimated at 15.7 kg ha(-1) year(-1), the average yield was 12.5 t year(-1) and catch per unit effort (CPUE) was 10.5 kg fisherman(-1) day(-1). We recorded 26 species of landed fish in this activity, being the "traira" (Hoplias malabaricus) the most landed fish in terms of biomass with 6,158.5 kg, representing 24.5%, of the total landed. Seasonally, the CPUE ranged from 14.5 kg fisherman(-1) day(-1) in summer/2005 to 9.0 kg fisherman(-1) day(-1) in spring/2006. The average CPUE by type of fish also showed a marked seasonality. In summer of 2005 and 2006, "curimbata" was the most landed fish, with CPUE kg fisherman(-1) day(-1) of 6.9 and 6.2, respectively. The "piavas" were the most landed fish in autumn with CPUE of 2.4 (year 2005) and 2.3 (year 2006) kg fisherman(-1) day(-1), and "traira" in winter with CPUE ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 kg fishrman(-1) day(-1), in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The mathematical modeling of simple linear regression indicated positive relationships between the monthly fish production and the number of boats in activity and of fishing trips. The study concluded that fishing is sustained only by native species; with marked seasonality for catching fish and that the area of fishing examined of the Jurumirim reservoir is among the most productive areas of the Upper Parana basin.

Schottky emission in nanoscopically crystallized Ce-doped SnO2 thin films deposited by sol-gel-dip-coating

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Habitat of juvenile Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, at two oceanic insular marine protected areas in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Atol das Rocas, Brazil

Habitat of juvenile Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi (Carcharhinidae), was identified using fishing surveys and capture of immature specimens at two Brazilian insular sites in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Atol das Rocas. Standardized sampling at Fernando de Noronha indicated that parturition occurred from February to April and that a wide depth-range (at least 5-30 m) along the insular shelf was used by immature sharks throughout the year. The catch-per-unit effort of C. perezi was significantly higher inside than outside a marine protected area at this location, suggesting that these sharks are more common in pans of the reef least disturbed by human activities. More limited sampling at Atol das Rocas suggested that juvenile C. perezi occurred at similar depths and utilized similar substrate as sharks at Fernando de Noronha. These findings suggest that successful conservation and management of this economically important, protected species will need to include conservation of habitat around insular reef systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparação entre folhas sombreadas de sete clones adultos de seringueira

Nas seringueiras, o substrato para a síntese do látex provém, em curto prazo, do processo fotossintético, realizado em sua maioria por folhas dos estratos sujeitos à radiação sub-saturante. Neste estudo, foram avaliados e comparados (1) os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos (clorofilas a, b e carotenóides totais); (2) a espessura foliolar total e dos parênquimas clorofilianos; e (3) a área e peso da matéria seca foliar de folhas sombreadas, para seis clones de seringueira selecionados pelo Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), comparativamente ao tradicional clone RRIM 600. em média, os teores de clorofila total (a+b) e de carotenóides totais foram, respectivamente, de 3,14 e 1,04 mg g-1 de peso fresco, sempre superiores ou iguais ao da testemunha. A espessura foliolar média foi de 119,62 µm e mostrou grande variação entre os clones IAC, e destes quanto à testemunha. A área foliar média, de 219,17 cm², foi quase equivalente para todos os clones. A área foliar específica foi, em média, de 198,08 cm² g-1, e neste caso, o maior valor foi observado para o IAC 56, sendo os demais, inferiores ou equivalentes ao da testemunha. Os clones IAC 302 e IAC 303 mostraram-se estatisticamente similares ao RRIM 600 para todos os caracteres analisados, e uma relação com a produtividade foi sugerida para o clone IAC 303.

Kerr-Newman solution as a Dirac particle

For m(2) < a(2) + q(2), with m, a, and q respectively the source mass, angular momentum per unit mass, and electric charge, the Kerr-Newman (KN) solution of Einstein's equation reduces to a naked singularity of circular shape, enclosing a disk across which the metric components fail to be smooth. By considering the Hawking and Ellis extended interpretation of the KN spacetime, it is shown that, similarly to the electron-positron system, this solution presents four inequivalent classical states. Making use of Wheeler's idea of charge without charge, the topological structure of the extended KN spatial section is found to be highly non-trivial, leading thus to the existence of gravitational states with half-integral angular momentum. This property is corroborated by the fact that, under a rotation of the space coordinates, those inequivalent states transform into themselves only after a 4π rotation. As a consequence, it becomes possible to naturally represent them in a Lorentz spinor basis. The state vector representing the whole KN solution is then constructed, and its evolution is shown to be governed by the Dirac equation. The KN solution can thus be consistently interpreted as a model for the electron-positron system, in which the concepts of mass, charge and spin become connected with the spacetime geometry. Some phenomenological consequences of the model are explored.