Adenosina deaminase no diagn��stico de rejei����o aguda ap��s o transplante renal Ana L��cia Livi

O transplante renal representa atualmente a melhor op����o terap��utica e de reabilita����o para o paciente com insufici��ncia renal cr��nica terminal. As rejei����es s��o as principais causas de perda dos rins transplantados e, entre essas, as rejei����es agudas s��o as que apresentam maior relev��ncia cl��nica. Desta maneira, a monitoriza����o do transplante renal com vistas ao diagn��stico precoce da rejei����o e seu r��pido tratamento �� de grande relev��ncia no manejo adequado desses pacientes. Como a rejei����o celular aguda �� mediada predominantemente por linf��citos T e, visto que, a enzima adenosina deaminase (ADA) �� encontrada principalmente, a n��vel de sangue perif��rico, em linf��citos, objetivou-se com esse estudo, verificar a poss��vel associa����o entre atividade s��rica da ADA e a rejei����o aguda do enxerto renal. Buscou-se, tamb��m, determinar a sua utilidade como m��todo diagn��stico de rejei����o celular aguda. Foram acompanhados at�� 1 m��s de interna����o 35 pacientes transplantados renais. Dosagens da atividade de ADA s��rica foram feitas cinco vezes por semana e sempre que houvesse suspeita cl��nica de rejei����o aguda. O diagn��stico de rejei����o aguda foi estabelecido por 2 nefrologistas, aos quais foram omitidos os resultados dos n��veis s��ricos ADA. Estes m��dicos tinham todas informa����es cl��nicas e laboratoriais, incluindo valores s��ricos de creatinina e ciclosporina, cintilografias, ecografias, citologia aspirativa, pun����o bi��psia renal quando esta era realizada e resposta aos diferentes tratamentos imunossupressores usados. A an��lise estat��stica foi feita utilizando-se testes de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado. O n��vel p menor do que 0,05 foi considerado como significativo. A mediana dos epis��dios de rejei����o celular aguda ficou entre o sexto e s��timo dia p��s-transplante, havendo diferen��a estatisticamente significativa nos valores de ADA no sexto dia de seguimento entre os pacientes com rejei����o (60.16), em rela����o aos que n��o tiveram rejei����o celular aguda (24,55) (p=0,021 MW). Para se avaliar a efic��cia da atividade s��rica de ADA com m��todo diagn��stico de rejei����o aguda, empregou-se pontos de corte de valores de ADA>35,>40,>45, >50 e > que 30% dos valores do per��odo pr��-rejei����o. Houve associa����o estatisticamente significativa entre ADA>30% e rejei����o celular aguda (p=0.035 MW). Verificou-se, tamb��m, aumento significativos da atividade s��rica de ADA em pacientes anti-HCV positivos e com necrose tubular aguda, sem interfer��ncia sobre os resultados dos epis��dios de rejei����o celular aguda. Usando esses pontos de corte como par��metros de diagn��stico para rejei����o aguda observou-se: sensibilidade = 55,5%, especificidade = 82,3%, valor preditivo positivo = 76,9%, valor preditivo negativo = 63,6% e acur��cia = 69,0%. Conclui-se que h�� um aumento significativo da atividade s��rica da ADA durante os epis��dios de rejei����o aguda de enxertos renais humanos, encontrando-se associa����o significativa entre o aumento de 30% dos valores de ADA pr��-rejei����o e o diagn��stico de rejei����o celular aguda.

Administrador escolar: especialista ou educador?: uma an��lise a partir do caso sergipano

A administra����o da educa����o p��blica sergipana se tem submetido as determina����es do contexto hist��rico-estrutural do estado, as quais t��m reduzido as escolas p��blicas a meros espa��os de manobras pol��tico-partid��rias. As dire����es das institui����es escolares s��o ocupadas, via de regra, por pessoas arbitrariamente indicadas pelo Estado, que est��o deixando fluir at�� a clientela a ideologia da classe dominante. Na hegemonia em curso, seu papel tem sido o de refor��o �� evas��o e seletividade da escola p��blica e o de controlador da distribui����o do saber elaborado junto as crian��as oriundas das camadas populares. E nesse sentido n��o se verifica qualquer diferen��a a partir da habilita����o desses administradores. Considerada a escola p��blica numa perspectiva progressista e dada a insatisfa����o geral registrada, sobretudo nas escolas estaduais da capital e municipais do interior do estado, sugere-se dentre outras medidas, que todo o processo de forma����o do educador enfatize sua possibilidade como organizador de propostas pedag��gicas coletivas, vinculadas ao movimento de democratiza����o da sociedade. Isto desde as licenciaturas, ��s escolas normais e programas especiais de prepara����o do professor leigo, portanto extrapolando o ��mbito das discuss��es sobre uma habilita����o do Curso de Pedagogia. Tamb��m se prop��e a uni��o de for��as da sociedade civil e a deflagra����o de um amplo processo de discuss��o na sociedade, a ser desenvolvido por etapas (municipal, micro-regional e estadual) tendo em vista a defini����o de diretrizes para uma pol��tica educacional em Sergipe. A media����o que se espera do organizador da escola �� o exerc��cio de uma administra����o de um direito civil b��sico de todo e cada cidad��o sergipano: o dom��nio competente do saber social acumulado; essa pr��tica ensejar�� ao diretor de escolas evoluir da postura de intelectual tradicional para a de intelectual progressista.

Descri����o da vida escolar em romances brasileiros

A vida escolar em internatos, ret.] a;;ada nos ro mances brasileiros: O Ateneu, de F.~ul Pomp��iai c Uoidinho, ��e Jos�� Lins do Rego i Bal��o Cativo e ch��o de Ferro, de Pedro Navai e A Rede, de Martha Antiero, �� reinterpretada numa busca das rela����es socio-educacionaiD descLitas nos trabalhos de cria����o. A procura de reten��ao dos elementos estruturais estabelecidos na escola �� feita atrav��s de cor rela����o e oposi����o dos textos selecionados, onde suas peE sonagens atuar��o corno "informantes" e teorias filosofico- -sociais sobre Educa����o, corno elementos de integra����o e crItica. Da constata����o de que o sistema educacional est�� baseado, em sua ess��ncia, numa rela����o de subordina����o/do mina����o entre a gera����o precedente e aquela que a segue quando h�� comunica����o pedag��gica, o sistema escolar foi se parado e analisado dentro de dois subsistemas distintos, segundo a situa����o de seus elementos de subordinados e/ou dominantes, denominados, os dois mundos, de "Colegiatura" e "Equipe Pedag��gica". Compreendendo que a escola ��, por sua vez, um ~ubsistema que faz parte do sistema maior, a sociedade, foi estabelecido, introdutoriamente a cada des cri����o das escolas, um esbo��o sobre a influ��ncia do social no estabelecimento escolar, onde o colegial �� separado da influ��ncia dom��stica para o preparo ao dom��nio social da rua.

Identidade social e a reforma gerencial do estado brasileiro: uma an��lise cr��tica de uma ag��ncia brasileira de financiamento de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inova����o segundo o modelo de Renaud Sainsaulieu

Este estudo objetiva identificar os principais desafios que a Ag��ncia X encontrou no caminho do desenvolvimento de um modelo de gest��o de pessoas por compet��ncias e quais as poss��veis formas de superar esses desafios, tendo como foco a percep����o e o entendimento dos entrevistados. A organiza����o estudada procura, h�� tempos, amadurecer o processo de elabora����o de um plano de cargos e sal��rios baseado em m��rito e compet��ncia, que culminou na aprova����o da nova modelagem institucional em gest��o de recursos humanos. Com este ferramental t��pico da iniciativa privada, dedica-se a Ag��ncia X, fortemente, �� cria����o de um ambiente favor��vel para uma gest��o eficiente e produtiva, claramente alinhada aos conceitos de uma adhocracia e de uma organiza����o inovadora sustent��vel. Ocorre que todo processo de mudan��a organizacional encontra seus desafios e seus obst��culos. No complexo ambiente das empresas p��blicas, este processo n��o �� diferente, sendo ainda mais forte e evidente. Elaboraram-se, nesta pesquisa, tr��s tipologias de grupos organizacionais, tendo como base a forma de entrada na organiza����o: o Grupo 01 ���da Oposi����o��� ��� os funcion��rios com entrada pr��-forma, o Grupo 02 ���Favor��vel Financeiro��� ��� os funcion��rios com entrada por concurso p��blico e o Grupo 03 ���Favor��vel Meritocr��tico��� ��� os funcion��rios com entrada por concurso p��blico e que exercem cargo de confian��a. As an��lises demonstraram que os funcion��rios com entrada pr��-forma s��o contr��rios ao novo plano por motivos que perpassam condi����es financeiras e motivos de ordem t��cnica. Os demais grupos s��o favor��veis ao novo plano exatamente pela l��gica inversa, ou seja, motivos financeiros e motivos de ordem t��cnica s��o identificados como os principais incentivadores da nova modelagem institucional. Os maiores desafios encontrados pela Ag��ncia X foram: o enorme per��odo ap��tico da pr��pria organiza����o em rela����o ��s quest��es meritocr��ticas, como na demora pela realiza����o de seu primeiro concurso p��blico, a falta, no passado, de um comando superior dentro da empresa com o intuito de fortalecer a institui����o no cen��rio nacional e internacional com foco na valoriza����o das atividades e a����es realizadas pelo seu corpo funcional, e a acomoda����o instalada nos empregados, fruto de gest��es passadas que n��o se preocupavam com a gest��o por resultados, perdendo o foco no desenvolvimento sustent��vel. Por fim, neste cen��rio de estagna����o, a Ag��ncia X entendeu a l��gica de poder e os aspectos culturais envolvidos nos grupos organizacionais, e optou, mesmo sabendo das resist��ncias que seriam encontradas, pela prioriza����o da profissionaliza����o, e gest��o por resultados e compet��ncia. Desenvolver as compet��ncias individuais e coletivas alinhadas com as estrat��gias organizacionais foram fatores determinantes para a Ag��ncia X vencer obst��culos e conseguir, depois de muitos anos, implementar uma ferramenta t��pica da gest��o privada na esfera p��blica, com foco em compet��ncias, m��rito e resultados, sendo assim, o maior avan��o hist��rico da organiza����o no sentido de fortalecer seus funcion��rios e robustecer a empresa dentro do cen��rio pol��tico nacional e internacional.

Learning in peer-to-peer markets: evidence from Airbnb

Peer-to-peer markets are highly uncertain environments due to the constant presence of shocks. As a consequence, sellers have to constantly adjust to these shocks. Dynamic Pricing is hard, especially for non-professional sellers. We study it in an accommodation rental marketplace, Airbnb. With scraped data from its website, we: 1) describe pricing patterns consistent with learning; 2) estimate a demand model and use it to simulate a dynamic pricing model. We simulate it under three scenarios: a) with learning; b) without learning; c) with full information. We have found that information is an important feature concerning rental markets. Furthermore, we have found that learning is important for hosts to improve their profits.

Fatores de longevidade do programa Central do Cidad��o no Rio Grande do Norte

The public management reform in Brazil, since 1995, provoked new experiences in public administration. Among the new models of public service the one-stop shopping has distinguished and was adopted at Rio Grande do Norte with the Citizens Center Program. The one-stop shopping assembles in the same place many public services with appropriate structure, enabled human resources and citizens focus processes. The goal of this research was understand how citizens focus processes help to explain Citizens Center Program s longevity. It was made a case study and the research tools were applied with Citizen Center Programs workers and citizen-users at South Unit of Citizen Center Program placed at Via Direta Mall, Natal. The major contributions for Citizen Center Program s longevity were imputed to Basic Operation Processes. The most spoken features in Citizen Center Program mentioned were quality, efficiency, celerity e personal appearance, what demonstrate concern and care with citizen-users. Worker s personal appearance, accommodation, celerity, politeness and attending capacity planning were high evaluated by citizen-users revealing the wisely choice of use a large quality concept and citizenship concept in public administration. Citizen-users also pointed the necessity of refine and enlarge the communication ways that form an essential mechanism to public citizen focus administration. Not ignoring the policy aspect citizen focus processes were noticed like especial management actions that make easier citizen s activities and public service access, what generate satisfaction to citizen-users. It s possible to conclude that the high level approving evaluation of Citizen Center Program consolidates it an especial public policy that serves citizen s necessities e create appropriate legitimacy conditions of the public policy making harder the choice of ending the policy even in more fragile moments strongly contributing for its longevity

Caracteriza����o batim��trica e fisicooceanogr��fica do canal de acesso ao porto de Cabedelo/PB: uma an��lise ambiental ao derrame de ��leo

The State of Para��ba is one of the most dynamic states of Brazil, strategically located in the northeast, is notable for the excellent potential for integration of different transportation modes forming the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The dynamic that occurs with port activity causes changes in the space where it is installed. And the elements of this space are always more than suffering direct or indirect influences as the flow in the port is expanded. Therefore, this region became subject to the accidental spillage of oil, because it presents a heavy traffic of ships of various sizes that can run aground or collide with oil causing accidental events. The study of geomorphological and sedimentological compositions of seafloor becomes important as more is known about the relationships between these parameters and associated fauna, and can identify their preferred habitats. The database background, acoustically collected along the proposed study area, is a wealth of information, which were duly examined, cataloged and made available. Such information can serve as an important tool, providing a geomorphological survey of the sedimentary area studied, and come to subsidize, in a flexible, future decision making. With the study area Port of Cabedelo, Para��ba - Brazil, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of the tidal surface and background in modeling the seabed, including the acquisition of information about the location of submerged rocky bodies and the depth of these bodies may turn out to be natural traps for the trapping of oil in case of leaks, and obtain the relationship between types of bed and the hydrodynamic conditions present in the region. In this context, for this study were collected bathymetric data (depth) and physical oceanographic (height of water column, water temperature, intensity and direction of currents, waves and turbidity), meteorological (rainfall, air temperature, humidity, winds and barometric pressure) of the access channel to the Port of Cabedelo / PB and its basin evolution (where the cruise ships dock), and includes tools of remote sensing (Landsat 7 ETM +, 2001), so that images and the results are integrated into Geographic Information Systems and used in the elaboration of measures aimed at environmental protection areas under the influence of this scale facilities, serving as a grant to prepare a contingency plan in case of oil spills in the region. The main findings highlight the techniques of using hydroacoustic data acquisition together bathymetric surveys of high and low frequency. From there, five were prepared in bathymetric pattern of Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation - DHN, with the depth in meters, on a scale of 1:2500 (Channel and Basin Evolution of Access to Port of Cabedelo), where there is a large extent possible beachrocks that hinder the movement of vessels in the port area, which can cause collisions, running aground and leaking oil. From the scatter diagram of the vectors of currents, it can be seen as the tidal stream and undergoes a channeling effect caused by the bidirectional effect of the tide (ebb and flood) in the basin of the Port of Cabedelo evolution in NW-direction SE and the highest speed of the currents occurs at low tide. The characterization weather for the period from 28/02 to 04/07/2010 values was within the expected average for the region of study. The multidisciplinary integration of products (digital maps and remote sensing images), proved to be efficient for the characterization of underwater geomorphological study area, reaching the aim to discriminate and enhance submerged structures, previously not visible in the images

Contribui����o da Geod��sia ao monitoramento costeiro do Litoral Setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, ��rea de influ��ncia da ind��stria petrol��fera

The general objective of this thesis has been seasonal monitoring (quarterly time scale) of coastal and estuarine areas of a section of the Northern Coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, environmentally sensitive and with intense sediment erosion in the oil activities to underpin the implementation of projects for containment of erosion and mitigate the impacts of coastal dynamics. In order to achieve the general objective, the work was done systematically in three stages which consisted the specific objectives. The first stage was the implementation of geodetic reference infrastructure for carrying out the geodetic survey of the study area. This process included the implementation of RGLS (Northern Coast of the RN GPS Network), consisting of stations with geodetic coordinates and orthometric heights of precision; positioning of Benchmarks and evaluation of the gravimetric geoid available, for use in GPS altimetry of precision; and development of software for GPS altimetry of precision. The second stage was the development and improvement of methodologies for collection, processing, representation, integration and analysis of CoastLine (CL) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) obtained by geodetic positioning techniques. As part of this stage have been made since, the choice of equipment and positioning methods to be used, depending on the required precision and structure implanted, and the definition of the LC indicator and of the geodesic references best suited, to coastal monitoring of precision. The third step was the seasonal geodesic monitoring of the study area. It was defined the execution times of the geodetic surveys by analyzing the pattern of sediment dynamics of the study area; the performing of surveys in order to calculate and locate areas and volumes of erosion and accretion (sandy and volumetric sedimentary balance) occurred on CL and on the beaches and islands surfaces throughout the year, and study of correlations between the measured variations (in area and volume) between each survey and the action of the coastal dynamic agents. The results allowed an integrated study of spatial and temporal interrelationships of the causes and consequences of intensive coastal processes operating in the area, especially to the measurement of variability of erosion, transport, balance and supply sedimentary over the annual cycle of construction and destruction of beaches. In the analysis of the results, it was possible to identify the causes and consequences of severe coastal erosion occurred on beaches exposed, to analyze the recovery of beaches and the accretion occurring in tidal inlets and estuaries. From the optics of seasonal variations in the CL, human interventions to erosion contention have been proposed with the aim of restoring the previous situation of the beaches in the process of erosion.

Adenosine deaminase activity as a biochemical marker of inflammatory response in goats infected by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade de vida na perspectiva de idosos institucionalizados no Munic��pio de Natal - RN

A descriptive and exploratory Study, quantitative in nature, with the aim to assess the Quality of Life (QL) of the elderly leaving in a Long Residence Institution (LRI) according to their own perception. It was conducted in six Public Institutions of Long Residence for Seniors, in the municipality of Natal - RN, in the period of July to August 2007. The data was collected using two structured interview forms: the first, containing questions about socio-demographic aspects and the second - the WHOQUOL-OLD, prepared by the World Health Organization to assess elderly s quality of life. The reference population was 266 old persons, and a random sample, of 43, being 28 women and 15 men, who account for 30%. The results indicated there is a predominance of older women (65.1%) and the average age is 76.6 years; the predominant religion is the Catholic - 44.2% and, 32.6% are unmarried without children. As for schooling and precedence, 41.9% are illiterate and 67.4% come from the rural area. The time of residency in the institution goes between 1 to 5 years for 69.8% of the elderly, 37.2% of them residing in the institution for not having another option. Most elderly informed using medicines. 51.3% said they are taking anti-hypertensive. As for the other aspects of QL: sensory aspects, autonomy, past, present and future activities, social participation, death and dying and intimacy, the WHOQOL-OLD, showed an average total score of 52.9% (scale of 0 to 100), with a tendency to neutrality, denoting that the elderly, in this study, evaluated their QL as neither satisfactory or unsatisfactory. Of all the facets of the instrument of QL, the sensory facet secured the highest average scores (68,1%), showing that the elderly are "happy" in the situation in which they find themselves, not showing significant disabilities. The facet of autonomy, which refers to the independence and the ability to make decisions on their own life, received the lowest average scores (40.7%), showing the dissatisfaction of the elderly on this aspect. The evaluation of the elderly on other facets were: social participation (48.2%); activities past, present and future (44.6%) and intimacy (50.6%), all perceived as neither unsatisfactory or satisfactory. On the item death and dying, the elderly people declared themselves satisfied, with average score of 65.5%. The analysis of the reliability of the WHOQOL-OLD by the Cronbach Alpha showed 0.57, considering the 24 items that cover the instrument, showing regular internal reliability of the instrument, in our reality. The result is probably due to differences between the regions south and east and the broader sociocultural diversity. We believe that the elderly in this study, tended to realize their QL as neutral, considering it as neither unsatisfactory or satisfactory, result likely related to the resignation with the destine, characterized, at the time, by the finitude of life, feeling very common among elderly, or perhaps, even for an accommodation, often accompanied by discouragement, present in the daily life of many of them

An��lise n��o-linear de treli��as pelo m��todo dos elementos finitos posicional

This work presents the positional nonlinear geometric formulation for trusses using different strain measures. The positional formulation presents an alternative approach for nonlinear problems. This formulation considers nodal positions as variables of the nonlinear system instead of displacements (widely found in literature). The work also describes the arc-length method used for tracing equilibrium paths with snap-through and snap-back. Numerical applications for trusses already established in the literature and comparisons with other studies are provided to prove the accuracy of the proposed formulation

Efeito do tempo de experi��ncia de operadores de Harvester no rendimento operacional

A mecaniza����o da colheita de madeira permite maior controle dos custos e pode proporcionar redu����es em prazos relativamente curtos. Al��m disso, tem um lugar de destaque na humaniza����o do trabalho florestal e no aumento do rendimento operacional. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de operadores de harvester em fun����o do tempo de experi��ncia na atividade. Foram avaliados oito operadores do sexo masculino, com idade entre 23 e 46 anos. O estudo consistiu na an��lise do volume de madeira colhida pelo harvester. O tempo de experi��ncia afeta significativamente o rendimento operacional dos operadores de harvester. Tal rendimento aumenta expressivamente nos primeiros 18 meses de experi��ncia, mantendo-se em ascens��o nos pr��ximos 26 meses. Ap��s os 44 meses de experi��ncia, o rendimento dos operadores tende a reduzir, revelando as poss��veis acomoda����es do cotidiano. Tais resultados permitem concluir que por volta dos 50 meses de experi��ncia na atividade de opera����o de harvester, se faz necess��ria a ado����o de medidas de reciclagem, motiva����o, entre outras, a fim de proporcionar aos operadores melhores condi����es de trabalho que os possibilitem continuar exercendo a atividade de forma eficiente e rent��vel �� empresa.

Simula����o de reservat��rios n��o convencionais para armazenamento de g��s natural veicular

The investigation of viability to use containers for Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) storage, with different geometries of commercial standards, come from necessity to join the ambient, financial and technological benefits offered by the gas combustion, to the convenience of not modify the original proposal of the automobile. The use of these current cylindrical models for storage in the converted vehicles is justified by the excellent behavior that this geometry presents about the imposed tensions for the high pressure that the related reservoirs are submitted. However, recent research directed toward application of adsorbent materials in the natural gas reservoirs had proven a substantial redusction of pressure and, consequently, a relief of the tensions in the reservoirs. However, this study considers alternative geometries for NGV reservoirs, searching the minimization of dimensions and weight, remaining capacity to resist the tensions imposed by the new pressure situation. The proposed reservoirs parameters are calculated through a mathematical study of the internal pressure according to Brazilian standards (NBR) for pressure vessels. Finally simulations of the new geometries behavior are carried through using a commercially avaible Finite Element Method (FEM) software package ALGOR�� to verify of the reservoirs efficincy under the gas pressure load

Simula����o num��rica da intera����o entre uma nuvem incidente de v��rtices e uma aerof��lio atrav��s do m��todo dos v��rtices

The study of aerodynamic loading variations has many engineering applications, including helicopter rotor blades, wind turbines and turbo machinery. This work uses a Vortex Method to make a lagrangian description of the a twodimensional airfoil/ incident wake vortex interaction. The flow is incompressible, newtonian, homogeneus and the Reynolds Number is 5x105 .The airfoil is a NACA 0018 placed a angle of attack of the 0�� and 5��simulates with the Painel Method with a constant density vorticity panels and a generation poit is near the painel. The protector layer is created does not permit vortex inside the body. The vortex Lamb convection is realized with the Euler Method (first order) and Adans-Bashforth (second order). The Random Walk Method is used to simulate the diffusion. The circular wake has 366 vortex all over positive or negative vorticity located at different heights with respect to the airfoil chord. The Lift was calculated based in the algorithm created by Ricci (2002). This simulation uses a ready algorithm vatidated with single body does not have a incident wake. The results are compared with a experimental work The comparasion concludes that the experimental results has a good agrement with this papper

Isolation and mycelial growth of Diehliomyces microsporus: effect of culture medium and incubation temperature

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)