Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay, China, from 1982 to 2004

Data collected from 12 marine monitoring stations in Daya Bay from 1982 to 2004 reveal a substantial change in the ecological environment of this region. The average N/P ratio increased from 1.377 in 1985 to 49.09 in 2004. Algal species changed from 159 species of 46 genera in 1982 to 126 species of 44 genera in 2004. Major zooplankton species went from 46 species in 1983 to 36 species in 2004. The annual mean biomass of benthic animals was recorded at 123.10 gm(2) in 1982 and 126.68 g m(2) in 2004. Mean biomass and species of benthic animals near nuclear power plants ranged froth 317.9 g m(2) in 1991 to 45.24 g m(2) in 2004 and from 250 species in 1991 to 177 species in 2004. A total of 12-19 species of hermatypic corals and 13 species of mangrove plants were observed in Daya Bay from 1984 to 2002. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of filtering and biodeposition by the cultured scallop Chlamys farreri on benthic-pelagic coupling in a eutrophic bay in China

In coastal ecosystems, suspension-cultured bivalve filter feeders may exert a strong impact on phytoplankton and other suspended particulate matter and induce strong pelagic-benthic coupling via intense filtering and biodeposition. We designed an in situ method to determine spatial variations in the filtering-biodeposition process by intensively suspension-cultured scallops Chlamys farreri in summer in a eutrophic bay (Sishili Bay, China), using cylindrical biodeposition traps directly suspended from longlines under ambient environmental conditions. Results showed that bivalve filtering-biodeposition could substantially enhance the deposition of total suspended material and the flux of C, N and P to the benthos, indicating that the suspended filter feeders could strongly enhance pelagic-benthic coupling and exert basin-scale impacts in the Sishili Bay ecosystem. The biodeposition rates of 1-yr-old scallops varied markedly among culture sites (33.8 to 133.0 mg dry material ind.(-1) d(-1)), and were positively correlated with seston concentrations. Mean C, N and P biodeposition rates were 4.00, 0.51, 0.11 mg ind.-1 d-1, respectively. The biodeposition rates of 2-yr-old scallops were almost double these values. Sedimentation rates at scallop culture sites averaged 2.46 times that at the reference site. Theoretically, the total water column of the bay could be filtered by the cultured scallops in 12 d, with daily seston removal amounting to 64%. This study indicated that filtering-biodeposition by suspension-cultured scallops could exert long-lasting top-down control on phytoplankton biomass and other suspended material in the Sishili Bay ecosystem. In coastal waters subject to anthropogenic N and P inputs, suspended bivalve aquaculture could be advantageous, not only economically, but also ecologically, by functioning as a biofilter and potentially mitigating eutrophication pressures. Compared with distribution-restricted wild bivalves, suspension-cultured bivalves in deeper coastal bays may be more efficient in processing seston on a basin scale.

不同采收期宁夏枸杞叶中总黄酮含量的比较

宁夏枸杞（Lycium barbarum L．）的果实为常用的传统中药，其有效成分主要为黄酮类化合物。研究发现，黄酮类成分具有止咳、平喘、祛痰之功效，并能扩张冠状动脉及降低血胆固醇，有增强心脏收缩、减少心脏搏动数及明显的抗氧化等作用。有研究表明，枸杞干叶中黄酮含量高于枸杞干果。因而，作者对不同采收时期青海产宁夏枸杞叶中总黄酮含量进行了测定和比较，以期为扩大黄酮类成分的药源及确定枸杞叶的最佳采收期提供一定的参考依据。

贵州省务川汞矿区土法炼汞过程中汞释放量的估算

通过对贵州省务川汞矿区土法炼汞的矿石、冶炼矿渣中汞含量的测定,运用质量平衡原理,计算土法炼汞过程中汞释放因子,估算土法炼汞过程中汞的年释放通量. 贵州务川汞矿区土法炼汞的回收率为7814 %～9316 % ,释汞因子为619 %～3211 % ,土法炼汞的年释汞量为317～916t . 结果表明,务川汞矿区土法炼汞是该地区大气的最主要人为释汞源.

ICP-MS测定表生水体稀土过程中pH值对酸性膦萃取稀土效率的影响

针对目前最常用的液- 液萃取、ICP- M S 测定法检测表生水体中微量稀土元素方法, 研究了不同pH值条件下, 酸性膦(65%HDEHP 和35%H2M EHP) 自表生水体中萃取稀土元素(REEs) 的回收率。结果表明, 在pH1～ 4 的范围内, 不同性质的水体(湖泊、河流、地下水) 有不同的REEs 回收率。其中湖水在pH 118～ 317 有90% 以上的回收率, 最高回收率为93164%; 河水在pH 211～ 315 范围内有90% 以上的回收率, 最高回收率为95152%; 地下水仅在pH 113～ 115 时回收率超过90% , 最高回收率为97161%。说明在萃取不同表生水体中稀土元素时, 需要调到特定的pH 值才能得到最好的萃取效果。

Isotope geochronology of Dapingzhang spilite-keratophyre formation in Yunnan Province and its geological significance

On the basis of the geological field investigations and isotope geochronological studies the Sm-Nd isochron age (513 Ma?0 Ma), Rb-Sr isochron age (511 Ma? Ma) and K-Ar age (312-317 Ma) of the Dapingzhang spilite-keratophyre formation in Yunnan Province are presented. From these geochronological data it is evidenced that this suite of volcanic rocks was formed in the Cambrian and the parent magma was derived from a depleted mantle, which was influenced by crustal contamination and/or seawater hydrothermal

高岭石热转变产物^29Si、^27Al魔角旋转核磁共振研究

运用魔角旋转核磁共振结合红外光谱及X射线衍射等手段，研究了苏州高岭石的560－1600℃热转变产物，主要获得以下结论：（1）高岭石－偏高岭石－莫来石的转变系列的确存在结构上的连续性。其转变经历了几个阶段；脱羟阶段（400－600℃），偏高岭石阶段（600－800℃），相分离阶段（800－1100℃），莫来石阶段（1100－1600℃）。（2）莫来石形成过程没有出现Al2O3的大量分凝，但存在SiO2的分凝。（3）偏高岭石－莫来石转变过程的中间相为Al-Si尖晶石和准莫来石。（4）引起1000℃放热反应的主要因素是准莫来石的形成。

济阳坳陷CO2气藏同位素地球化学特征及成因

济阳坳陷CO2气藏主要发育在高青-平南深断裂中南段和阳信次级凹陷西北缘及商店火山岩穹隆构造内。气藏中CO2气体浓度为69％～97％，δ^13CCO2值为-5．67‰～-3．35‰，CH4／^3He值为（1．01～5．65）×10^8，^3He／^1He值为（2．80～4．49）×10^-6，即R／Ra为2．00～3．21，^40Ar／^36Ar值为317～1791，CO2/^3He值为（0．25～2．61）×10^9。以上地球化学数据表明，济阳坳陷气藏中CO2主要来源于地慢，且慢源CO2在成藏过程中有损失，或者有壳源CO2的加入，特别是部分碳酸盐岩变质成因CO2的加入。在对CO2气来源定性分析的基础上，还需要在各来源的定量区分和CO2气藏的成藏及其与岩浆活动的时空匹配关系等方面作进一步的研究.

济阳坳陷非烃气藏成因研究－来自气体地球化学和火成岩方解石脉碳氧同位素的证据

济阳坳陷是自三叠纪以来欧亚板块、印度洋板块和库拉－太平洋板块相互作用形成的一个叠置在华北板块上的中、新生代坳陷，位于华北板块东部，东临著名的郯庐大断裂。在坳陷中部的高青－平南断裂地区和西部惠民凹陷发现了大量的CO2气藏，近年来受到很多地质学家和地学工作者的注意。本文在前人资料和自己研究成果的基础上，详细分析了济阳坳陷CO2气藏的气体地球化学特征和惠民凹陷地区火成岩中方解石脉的碳氧同位素特征，为厘定区域内二氧化碳气的来源提供理论依据。通过系统的研究，获得了以下成果和结论： 济阳坳陷CO2气藏中，13CCO2值为-5.67～-3.35‰，主频率段为-4.76～-4.32‰，指示CO2气的主体为无机成因；而气藏中CH4的13C为-54.39～-35.00‰，主频率段为-54.39～-51.55‰，显示以有机成因为主。 济阳坳陷CO2气藏中3He/4He比值为2.80～4.49×10-6，主频率段为3.55～4.49×10-6；40Ar/36Ar值为317～1791，变化较大，主要分布在770～1791；13CCO2值与3He/4He成正相关关系；CO2/3Hem值介于0.769～10.2×109之间，主体为1.86～3.51×109，且CO2/3Hem值与CO2含量一定程度地正相关；CH4/3He比值介于1.01～5.65×108之间，接近于幔源流体值，而远低于壳源特征值，且CH4/3He比值随3He/4He比值减少而增加。以上种种特征都说明，济阳坳陷非烃类气藏中气体具有多来源的特征，但CO2主体是无机成因，并主要来自地幔，少量来自有机成因；在成藏过程，幔源CO2通过转变为CH4或者碳酸盐岩而丢失了部分CO2，壳源CO2和其它烃类加入到气藏中；花沟地区的气体地球化学特征与众不同，可能存在碳酸盐地层变质脱气产生的CO2的混入，但具体原因尚待进一步研究。 济阳坳陷惠民凹陷地区火成岩中方解石脉的碳同位素数据-3.30～3.14‰，氧同位素数据12.64～16.97‰，二者成正相关关系，同时也位于前人所说的沉积混染趋势线上，具有较为典型的壳幔混合特征。这些方解石脉的碳同位素又明显的位于海相碳酸盐岩范围之内，说明脉体的主要碳源不是深源的，而是来自于海相底层。

济阳坳陷高青—平南断裂带天然气地球化学及与火成岩的关系

济阳坳陷位于渤海湾盆地东南部，是中国东部重要的含油气坳陷之一，同时也是重要的天然气气藏富集区。坳陷中部高青－平南断裂从孔店组沉积时开始发育，至明化镇末期断裂停止活动。岩浆活动导致断裂带两侧天然气的分布较为复杂：既有纯烃类气藏，也有纯非烃类气藏，还有混合气藏。已有的工作主要是着重气藏形成的地质条件、成藏模式以及盆地演化过程中的构造-热事件中的岩浆活动对CO2气藏形成的总体影响。对烃类气藏成因研究不足，仅简单的归于油型气；同时天然气藏与火山活动之间的关系研究不够，本论文在天然气、火山岩地球化学基础上，探讨天然气的来源，综合分析了火山活动对天然气形成的影响。论文获得的主要认识如下： 1. 根据花沟地区天然气碳及稀有气体地球化学特征结合该地区火山岩流体包裹体组分，认为高青、花沟地区烃类气藏应该是有机与无机成因相结合的混合气体，其有机来源主要是来自油型气；无机来源主要是地幔脱气以及发生氧化还原反应生成的无机成因气；而平南、平方王地区烃类气主要为油型气。 2. CO2气藏主要是无机幔源成因。据CO2体积百分含量、CO2碳同位素（δ13CCO2）表明CO2是无机成因，氦同位素R/Ra、40Ar/ 36Ar表明区内CO2成因与无机幔源成因密切相关。不同地区幔源包裹体中的CO2含量不同，研究表明后期火山岩浆更富CO2。高青地区CO2气以幔源岩浆脱气成因为主；平方王和平南地区为幔源岩浆脱气和壳源岩石化学混合成因。 3. 稀有气体同位素组成说明该地区He、Ar为壳幔混合成因。40Ar/36Ar值317~3178之间，氦同位素R/Ra在1.44~5.96之间；在3He/4He-40Ar/36Ar以及3He/4He-4He/20Ne图中均处于壳源与幔源混合成因区域。 4. 岩浆活动对天然气成藏效应体现在对天然气形成与成藏的影响。 5. 高青－平南断裂带幔源流体活动方式和活动强度存在时间和空间上的差异是造成高青－平南断裂带天然气分布不同最主要的原因。CO2气藏更容易在两个断裂的交汇处形成，说明了断裂为天然气的运移提供通道。

军队医学科技人员身心健康与影响因素的研究

To study the relationship between mental-physical health and coping behavior,job stress and job motivation in medical laboratory scientists and technicians. A cross-section survey was conducted,using the anxiety rating scale(SAS), depression rating scale(SDS), coping behavior rating scale,self-rating subhealth scale,self-rating stress scale,and self-rating job motivation scale among 289 medical laboratory scientists and technicians with analysis of ANOVA and Regression. The study was carried out in three steps:step1 is to analyze the general situation of the mental-physical health.Step 2 is to analyze the features of the main influencial facotors.Step 3 is to study the influence of the relative factors on mental-physical health.The following are the results: 1.The anxiety and depression scores of the medical researchers and technicians were 30±6 and 37±8 respectively,both significantly lower than those of the national norm（34±6 and 42±11 respectively,both P<0.01）,which are of significant difference. The depression score of the associate chief technician was 42±7, significantly higher than those of the medical researchers and technicians with any other professional titles (all P<0.05）, and the anxiety score of the associate chief technicians was 32±7, significantly higher than that of the research fellows（28±4, P<0.05），with no significant difference to the score of the medical researchers and technicians with other professional titles. The depression score,anxiety score and the subhealth score of the age group of 36～49 were 39±9,31±7 and 32±9 respectively, both higher than that of the age group of 20～35 （36±8,29±6 and 29±7 respectively,both P<0.05）,while there is much diference among other age groups. And the subhealth status has nothing to do with marital status,education background and professional titles. 2.The coping behaviors,job stress and motivation of the military medical laboratory scientists and technicians. 1）Coping behaviors:The seeking help score of the associate chief technicians was 2.8±0.5,not significantly different from that of the associate research fellows（2.8±0.5）,but significantly lower than those of the medical researchers and technicians with other professional titles(all P<0.01),and whose self-blame score was higher than that of the research fellows,which is of significant difference.The self-blame score and the imagination score of the associate research fellows were 2.0±0.5 and 2.4±0.5 respectively, significantly higher than that of the research fellows(1.6±0.4, 2.1±0.4,both P<0.01). The seeking help score of the females was 3.1±0.5, significantly higher than that of the males(2.9±0.5, both P<0.01),and the solving problem score was 3.4±0.6,significantly lower than the male(3.6±0.7, both P<0.01).There is no any significant difference in coping behaviors among researchers and technicians of different marital status,education background and age groups. 2)Job stress: The score of job stress of the age group of 35~49 and 50~60 were 23±8 and 25±6 respectively,significantly higher than that of the 20~35(21±7,both P<0.05). There is no any significant difference in job stress among researchers and technicians of different marital status,gender,professional titles and education background. 3)The score of meeting personal desire for reputation and interests of the males was 19.6±5.4，significantly higher than that of the females(18.4±5.0, both P<0.05), while there is no significant difference in job motivation among researchers and technicians of different titles,education,age and marital status. 3.The relationship of the mental-physical health of the military medical laboratory scientists and technicians with their coping behaviors,job stress and motivations 1) Coping behaviors:Regression analysis showed that, the best predictors of subhealth were anxiety,depression and escaping (β=-0.40,β=0.23, β=0.14, both P<0.01).the best predictors of anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors (β=-0.40,β=0.40, both P<0.01).The moderate(rational) coping behaviors is the best predictor only of anxiety and of significant difference. 2)job stress : Regression analysis demonstrated that anxiety,depression,job stress 2 and job stress 4 are the best predictor for subhealth;job stress 12 is the best retro-predictor for depression; job stress 3 and 8 are the best predictor for depression;and job stress 2 and 9 are the best predictor for anxiety ,which are of significant difference. 3)Motivation:Regression analysis demonstrated that depression is the best predictor for subhealth while motivation itself doesn't predict subhealth;with respect to the specific contents of motivation,"probing unknown rules and making contributions to the human society "is the best retro-predictor for depression and has nothing to do with anxiety prediction. 4) The combined influences of coping behaviors,job stress and motivations: Regression analysis showed that, the best predictors for subhealth were anxiety,depression and job stress(β=0.41,β=0.24, β=0.19, both P<0.01).the best predictors for anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors (β=-0.40,β=0.40, both P<0.01).The moderate(rational) coping behaviors is the best predictor only for anxiety and of significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Regression analysis showed that the best predictors for anxiety and depression were active coping behaviors and negative coping behaviors, the best predictors for subhealth were anxiety,depression and job stress.Coping behaviors, job stress and motivations have significant influences on the mental-physical health of the military medical researchers and and technicians. Among them,coping behavior is the most important factor while job stress and motivation follow. Seeking help more often,less self-blame ,imagination and job stress could help release the anxiety, depression and improve the subhealth of the medical researchers and technicians. The findings of this study indicate we should address the physical and mental health of the military laboratory researchers and technicians.