De usucapione

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, A4 B2.

Le Constitutionnel : journal politique et littéraire

1816/11/22 (Numéro 327).

De aequilibrio imperiorum

Invocatio: I.N.J.

De bonitate divina, in mentis humanae imperfectionibus conspicua

Invocatio: I.N.D.O.M.

Historia Regiae Academiae Aboensis

Invocatio: Q.B.V.

Maria

Soitinnus: lauluääni, piano.

Comparison Structure Analysis

This study presents an automatic, computer-aided analytical method called Comparison Structure Analysis (CSA), which can be applied to different dimensions of music. The aim of CSA is first and foremost practical: to produce dynamic and understandable representations of musical properties by evaluating the prevalence of a chosen musical data structure through a musical piece. Such a comparison structure may refer to a mathematical vector, a set, a matrix or another type of data structure and even a combination of data structures. CSA depends on an abstract systematic segmentation that allows for a statistical or mathematical survey of the data. To choose a comparison structure is to tune the apparatus to be sensitive to an exclusive set of musical properties. CSA settles somewhere between traditional music analysis and computer aided music information retrieval (MIR). Theoretically defined musical entities, such as pitch-class sets, set-classes and particular rhythm patterns are detected in compositions using pattern extraction and pattern comparison algorithms that are typical within the field of MIR. In principle, the idea of comparison structure analysis can be applied to any time-series type data and, in the music analytical context, to polyphonic as well as homophonic music. Tonal trends, set-class similarities, invertible counterpoints, voice-leading similarities, short-term modulations, rhythmic similarities and multiparametric changes in musical texture were studied. Since CSA allows for a highly accurate classification of compositions, its methods may be applicable to symbolic music information retrieval as well. The strength of CSA relies especially on the possibility to make comparisons between the observations concerning different musical parameters and to combine it with statistical and perhaps other music analytical methods. The results of CSA are dependent on the competence of the similarity measure. New similarity measures for tonal stability, rhythmic and set-class similarity measurements were proposed. The most advanced results were attained by employing the automated function generation – comparable with the so-called genetic programming – to search for an optimal model for set-class similarity measurements. However, the results of CSA seem to agree strongly, independent of the type of similarity function employed in the analysis.

Determination of copper at wide range concentrations using instrumental features of high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry

This work describes a method to determine Cu at wide range concentrations in a single run without need of further dilutions employing high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Different atomic lines for Cu at 324.754 nm, 327.396 nm, 222.570 nm, 249.215 nm and 224.426 nm were evaluated and main figures of merit established. Absorbance measurements at 324.754 nm, 249.215 nm and 224.426 nm allows the determination of Cu in the 0.07 - 5.0 mg L-1, 5.0 - 100 mg L-1 and 100 - 800 mg L-1 concentration intervals respectively with linear correlation coefficients better than 0.998. Limits of detection were 21 µg L-1, 310 µg L-1 and 1400 µg L-1 for 324.754 nm, 249.215 nm and 224.426 nm, respectively and relative standard deviations (n = 12) were £ 2.7%. The proposed method was applied to water samples spiked with Cu and the results were in agreement at a 95% of confidence level (paired t-test) with those obtained by line-source flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Functional studies on bacterial nucleotide-regulated inorganic pyrophosphatases

CBS domains are ~60 amino acid tandemly repeated regulatory modules forming a widely distributed domain superfamily. Found in thousands of proteins from all kingdoms of life, CBS domains have adopted a variety of functions during evolution, one of which is regulation of enzyme activity through binding of adenylate-containing compounds in a hydrophobic cavity. Mutations in human CBS domain-containing proteins cause hereditary diseases. Inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) are ubiquitous enzymes, which pull pyrophosphate (PPi) producing reactions forward by hydrolyzing PPi into phosphate. Of the two nonhomologous soluble PPases, dimeric family II PPases, belonging to the DHH family of phosphoesterases, require a transition metal and magnesium for maximal activity. A quarter of the almost 500 family II PPases, found in bacteria and archaea, contain a 120-250 amino acid N-terminal insertion, comprised of two CBS domains separated in sequence by a DRTGG domain. These enzymes are thus named CBS-PPases. The function of the DRTGG domain in proteins is unknown. The aim of this PhD thesis was to elucidate the structural and functional differences of CBS-PPases in comparison to family II PPases lacking the regulatory insert. To this end, we expressed, purified and characterized the CBS-PPases from Clostridium perfringens (cpCBS-PPase) and Moorella thermoacetica (mtCBS-PPase), the latter lacking a DRTGG domain. Both enzymes are homodimers in solution and display maximal activity against PPi in the presence of Co2+ and Mg2+. Uniquely, the DRTGG domain was found to enable tripolyphosphate hydrolysis at rates similar to that of PPi. Additionally, we found that AMP and ADP inhibit, while ATP and AP4A activate CBSPPases, thus enabling regulation in response to changes in cellular energy status. We then observed substrate- and nucleotide-induced conformational transitions in mtCBS-PPase and found that the enzyme exists in two differentially active conformations, interconverted through substrate binding and resulting in a 2.5-fold enzyme activation. AMP binding was shown to produce an alternate conformation, which is reached through a different pathway than the substrate-induced conformation. We solved the structure of the regulatory insert from cpCBS-PPase in complex with AMP and AP4A and proposed that conformational changes in the loops connecting the catalytic and regulatory domains enable activity regulation. We examined the effects of mutations in the CBS domains of mtCBS-PPase on catalytic activity, as well as, nucleotide binding and inhibition.

RAPD analysis of genetic variability in a multiprovenance base population of Eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability among individuals of a base population of Eucalyptus grandis and to build a molecular marker database for the analyzed populations. The Eucalyptus grandis base population comprised 327 individuals from Coff's Harbour, Atherton and Rio Claro. A few plants came from other sites (Belthorpe MT. Pandanus, Kenilworth, Yabbra, etc.). Since this base population had a heterogeneous composition, the groups were divided according to geographic localization (latitude and longitude), and genetic breeding level. Thus, the influence of those two factors (geographic localization and genetic breeding level) on the genetic variability detected was discussed. The RAPD technique allowed the evaluation of 70 loci. The binary matrix was used to estimate the genetic similarity among individuals using Jaccard's Coefficient. Parametric statistical tests were used to compare within-group similarity of the means. The obtained results showed that the base population had wide genetic variability and a mean genetic similarity of 0.328. Sub-group 3 (wild materials from the Atherton region) showed mean genetic similarity of 0.318. S.P.A. (from Coff's Harbour region) had a mean genetic similarity of 0.322 and was found to be very important for maintenance of variation in the base population. This can be explained since the individuals from those groups accounted for most of the base population (48.3% for it). The base population plants with genetic similarity higher than 0.60 should be phenotypically analyzed again in order to clarify the tendency of genetic variability during breeding programs.

Avaliação do potencial da transposição da serapilheira e do banco de sementes do solo para restauração florestal em áreas degradadas

Este estudo teve por objetivo testar a viabilidade da transposição da serapilheira e do banco de sementes do solo como metodologia de restauração florestal de áreas degradadas. Amostras de 1x1 mdeserapilheira e de solo superficial foram coletadas num fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual secundária no campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, MG. As amostras de solo e de serapilheira foram depositadas em canteiros, nos quais o solo superficial (10 cm) foi previamente retirado, no Viveiro de Pesquisas da UFV. Foram comparados três tratamentos e uma testemunha com cinco repetições cada, totalizando 20 amostras. O primeiro tratamento (T1) foi a transposição apenas da serapilheira, o segundo (T2) apenas do banco de sementes do solo e o terceiro (T3) da serapilheira juntamente com o banco de sementes do solo. Durante um período de seis meses, foram registrados 327 indivíduos de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas e 864 de espécies herbáceas. Entre as espécies arbustivo-arbóreas, 74% foram pioneiras e 26% de outros grupos ecológicos. A espécie arbórea mais frequente foi Cecropia hololeuca com 151 indivíduos. Entre as herbáceas, Oxalis corniculata foi a mais abundante, com 329 indivíduos. As diferenças de densidade e riqueza de espécies entre os tratamentos foram significativas, sendo maior riqueza obtida no tratamento T3 e maiores densidades nos tratamentos T2 e T3. Portanto, conclui-se que a transposição do banco de sementes é uma metodologia promissora para estimular a restauração florestal em áreas degradadas, sendo mais eficiente quando se utiliza o solo superficial juntamente com a camada de serapilheira.

Utilização de guindaste na extração de madeira em região montanhosa

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar tecnicamente o desempenho do guindaste na extração de madeira de eucalipto em região montanhosa. A avaliação consistiu em determinar as atividades do ciclo operacional, os índices de produtividade, a eficiência operacional, a disponibilidade mecânica e identificar os fatores de interrupções operacionais e mecânicas na extração de uma floresta de eucalipto com produtividade média de 327 m³ ha-1 e 0,23 m³ árvore-1, variando a distância de extração de 30 em 30 m até a distância máxima de 150 m durante o intervalo de 37 dias com média de 68 ciclos por dia. As etapas desenvolvidas nos ciclos operacionais evidenciaram a distribuição de: 32% descida do cabo; 7% amarração da carga; 31% arraste da carga; 6% içamento e giro da carga e; 24% descarregamento. A equação da produtividade do guindaste [y = -9,05 Ln(x) + 54,6] demonstra-se ser maior quando a distância de extração diminui e revelando que é possível extrair madeira a 15,20 m³ h-1 para uma distância de 78 m e 29,54º (56,67%) de declividade em média, tendo uma disponibilidade mecânica de 91,66% e eficiência operacional de 80,38% a um custo de produção de 8,55 R$ m-3 (5.03 US$ m-3) com a contratação do guindaste no valor de 130,00 R$ h-1. O sistema de extração de madeira com guindaste tem elevadas vantagens ambientais, operacionais e econômicos, melhorando a logística para escoamento da produção, com formação de pilhas de 4 m de altura.

L'Univers

1868/06/18 (Numéro 421).