Seismic behaviour of anchored quay walls with dry backfill

The seismic behaviour of anchored sheet pile walls is a complex soil-structure interaction problem. Damaged sheet pile walls are very expensive to repair and their seismic behaviour needs to be investigated in order to understand their possible mechanisms of failure. The research described in this paper involves both centrifuge testing and Finite Element (FE) analyses aimed at investigating the seismic behaviour of an anchored sheet pile wall in dry sand. The model wall is tied to the backfill with two tie rods connected to an anchor beam. The accelerations of the sheet pile wall, the anchor beam and the soil around the wall were measured using miniature piezoelectric accelerometers. The displacement at the tip of the wall was also measured. Stain gauges at five different locations on the wall were used to measure the bending moments induced in the the wall. The anchor forces in the tie rods were also measured using load cells. The results from the centrifuge tests were compared with 2-D, plane strain FE analyses conducted using DIANA-SWANDYNE II and the observed seismic behaviour was explained in the light of these findings. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

Statistics and modelling of turbulent kinetic energy transport in different regimes of premixed combustion

The statistical behaviour of turbulent kinetic energy transport in turbulent premixed flames is analysed using data from three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of freely propagating turbulent premixed flames under decaying turbulence. For flames within the corrugated flamelets regime, it is observed that turbulent kinetic energy is generated within the flame brush. By contrast, for flames within the thin reaction zones regime it has been found that the turbulent kinetic energy decays monotonically through the flame brush. Similar trends are observed also for the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. Within the corrugated flamelets regime, it is demonstrated that the effects of the mean pressure gradient and pressure dilatation within the flame are sufficient to overcome the effects of viscous dissipation and are responsible for the observed augmentation of turbulent kinetic energy in the flame brush. In the thin reaction zones regime, the effects of the mean pressure gradient and pressure dilatation terms are relatively much weaker than those of viscous dissipation, resulting in a monotonic decay of turbulent kinetic energy across the flame brush. The modelling of the various unclosed terms of the turbulent kinetic energy transport equation has been analysed in detail. The predictions of existing models are compared with corresponding quantities extracted from DNS data. Based on this a-priori DNS assessment, either appropriate models are identified or new models are proposed where necessary. It is shown that the turbulent flux of turbulent kinetic energy exhibits counter-gradient (gradient) transport wherever the turbulent scalar flux is counter-gradient (gradient) in nature. A new model has been proposed for the turbulent flux of turbulent kinetic energy, and is found to capture the qualitative and quantitative behaviour obtained from DNS data for both the corrugated flamelets and thin reaction zones regimes without the need to adjust any of the model constants. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

双峰驼线粒体DNA地高辛标记探针的制备及其应用

利用地高辛标记技术，对从双峰驼肝脏和肾脏提纯的线粒体ＤＮＡ进行了标记，制成探针，并用它检测了包含于白细胞总ＤＮＡ中的微量线粒体ＤＮＡ。结果表明这一技术完全可以成功地用于微量线粒体ＤＮＡＲＦＬＰ的分析。

Molecular phylogeny of Rhacophoridae (Anura): A framework of taxonomic reassignment of species within the genera Aquixalus, Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and Philautus

Phylogenetic relationships among representative species of the family Rhacophoridae were investigated based on 2904 bp of sequences from both mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, the complete t-RNA for valine), and nuclear (tyrosinase, rhodopsin) genes. Max

In vitro construction of a recombinant human embryonic brain-derived neurotrophin-4 gene and pEGFP-N1 vector

BACKGROUND: Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) can promote neuronal growth, development, differentiation, maturation, and survival. NT-4 can also improve recovery and regeneration of injured neurons, but cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier, which limits its ac

Plans for laser spectroscopy of trapped cold hydrogen-like HCI

Laser spectroscopy studies are being prepared to measure the 1s ground state hyperfine splitting in trapped cold highly charged ions. The purpose of such experiments is to test quantum electrodynamics in the strong electric field regime. These experiments form part of the HITRAP project at GSI. A brief review of the planned experiments is presented. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

17种植物中蛋白质提取物的抗HIV-1活性

以化合物对ＨＩＶ１诱导Ｃ８１６６细胞形成合胞体的抑制实验和化合物对ＨＩＶ１感染细胞的保护实验作为初筛方法，筛选了来源于７科１７种植物的４７个样品，其中８个样品经测定是核糖体失活蛋白（ＲＩＰｓ），其余为粗提蛋白。进而测定了初筛有抗ＨＩＶ活性的化合物对共培养、急性和慢性感染的ＨＩＶ１ｐ２４抗原表达水平的影响，用间接荧光染色检测这些化合物对ＨＩＶ抗原阳性细胞率的影响，以确证其抗ＨＩＶ活性。天花粉蛋白（ＴＣＳ）、南方栝楼蛋白峰Ⅴ、南方栝楼蛋白峰Ⅵ均显著地抑制合胞体的形成；巴Ⅱ、丝瓜子蛋白、油瓜根蛋白、木盍藤子蛋白有一定的抑制作用。老鼠拖瓜蛋白、大叶木鳖子根蛋白、西双版纳根Ⅱ等粗提蛋白有显著的抑制作用。ＲＩＰｓ不能保护ＨＩＶ１感染细胞的死亡。ＴＣＳ显著地抑制了ＨＩＶ１急性感染中ｐ２４抗原的表达，减少了ＨＩＶ抗原阳性细胞数，但它们均不影响共培养细胞融合、ＨＩＶ１慢性感染中ｐ２４抗原表达水平。结果表明，除ＴＣＳ等已知ＲＩＰｓ外，还有一些新的ＲＩＰｓ具有不同程度的抗ＨＩＶ活性。

猴艾滋病病毒(SRV)的装配及释放与细胞内骨架系统关系的电镜观察

SRV-1病毒核壳体的装配是在细胞核附近的胞质中进行的,其“装配中心”是结合在胞质骨架的中间纤维上,正在装配的和已装配好的病毒核壳体都是紧密结合在中间纤维上的。而在核内骨架系统中未观察到病毒粒子。

Effect of water washing on biochemical and gel characteristics of minced meat from croaker fish (Johnius gangeticus)

Quality of analog fishery products invariably depends on the gel characteristics and nutritional status of minced meat. With an objective to find out the effect of water washing on kamaboko gel, the minced meat from Croaker fish was washed for four times (5 minutes each) using chilled water at a temperature of 8-10°C. Results reflected noticeable improvement in folding test and SSN% of kamaboko with essential decrease in fat content, water soluble proteins, expressible water and quality parameters like NPN, VBN, TMA, FFA and PV denoting superior gel quality than control sample after repeated washing. The results indicated that there was a definite improvement in functional properties such as gel forming ability, expressible water content of the croaker minced meat essential decrease in fat content, water soluble proteins, expressible water and quality parameters after each wash, but two washes of 5 minutes duration each was necessary to achieve satisfactory results.

Effects of different levels of energy and protein sources on the growth performance, feeding, survival rate and the chemical body composition of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The present study was carried out in order to establish an economical effective diet for the pacific white shrimp in the southern part conditions of Iran. With the consideration of three dietary energy levels (E1=262, E2=312, E3=362 kcal 100 g-1 diet) and six ratios of fish meal (FM) to soybean meal (SBM) [(P1=100%FM+0%SBM, P2=80%FM+20%SBM, P3=60%FM+40%SBM, P4=40%FM+60%SBM, P5=20%FM+80%SBM, P6=0%FM+100%SBM)], 18 experimental diets (with 36% crude protein) were prepared. Completely randomized design was used to assign 54 polyethylene 300 litre round tanks provided by aeration and flow through water system and was stocked by 19 juvenile as 3 replicates to each treatment. Shrimps average weight was about 0.77 grams at the start. After 56 days culture period, maximum growth and nutritional performances were observed in the P6E1 treatment (containing 100% soybean meal and 262 kcal 100 g-1 diet) and P5E1 treatment (containing 80% soybean meal and 262 kcal 100 g-1 diet). Also the highest survival rate of the shrimps was observed in the P1E1, P1E2, P3E3 and P5E3 treatments. Additionally interactive effect of different protein ratios and energy levels had significant difference on body protein, fat, fiber and ash contents (P<0.05). Results of the present study suggest the possibility replacement of at least 80% of dietary fish meal by soybean meal in the diet of pacific white shrimp in the conditions of southern part of Iran.

The study of biological characteristics and heavy metal determination of Cd, Pb, Fe, V, Ni in the muscle, liver and gonad tissues of kingfish Scomberomorus commerson in the coastal waters of the Hormozagan Province (Persian Gulf)

Biological studies and heavy metal (Ni, v, Fe, Pb,Cd) determination in liver, gonad and muscle of Scomberomorus commerson were carried out from Oct 2006 to Sept 2007 in Hormozgan coastal waters. 599 Samples were gutted for reproduction and nutrition studies, fork length and weight were measured to nearest cm and g respectively. Meanwhile 40 samples were also investigated for heavy metal studies. All specimens were collected from two major landing sites (Bandar Lengeh & Bandar Abbas). Minimums & maximum fork length & weight were 29, 128 cm & 235 and 15350 g respectively.Isometric growth was shown according to our study and b was estimated 2.9 (overall), 2.91(male) & 2.89 (female). The average relative gut length was 0.52± 0.007 and it was determined that S. commerson is a carnivorous. More than 99 percent of gut content was different teleost fishes. Gastro somatic index had two peaks in Nov & Jan (before spawning) and with a decreased trend in July, the spawning period. Occurrence of empty stomach was estimated % 65.77. Maximum amount of condition factor was in Dec. Spawning season was started from June. The average of Absolute & relative fecundity (to weight unit) was 1217149±179315 and 178.2±15.58 respectively. Lm50% was estimated 75 cm for females. Sex ratio was 0.97: 1 (male: female). Chi- Square test showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Maximum amount of hepatosomatic index was estimated in March.Metal concentrations were determined using either Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (for Fe) or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (for Pb,Cd,Ni and V). The mean concentration (μg/g dry weight)of Pb,Cd,Ni,V and Fe in the liver were 0.0309, 0.0268, 0.0672, 0.0077, 2.5159 in the gonad 0.0440 ,0.0295, 0.1096, 0.0000, 1.4449 and in the muscle 0.0244, 0.0324, 0.0656, 0.0128, 1.6138 respectively. The maximum metal concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits for human consumption recommended by the USEPA, WHO and the UK. The results of Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient were as follows: The Liver tissue: There were significant positive linear relationships between accumulation of V, Fe, and Pb with Fork length, Pb and Fe with weight, GSI with Pb, Cd, V and 109 Fe, and a negative linear relationships between HSI with accumulation of V and Fe, Fork length, weight and GSI. The Gonad tissue: There were significant positive linear relationships between GSI with accumulation of Pb, Cd, Fe, Fork length and weight, a negative linear relationship between HSI with Fork length, weight and GSI. The Muscle tissue: There were significant positive linear relationships between accumulations of V, Fe with Fork length and weight factors and as well as GSI with Cd, V, Fe, Pb, Fork length and weight,a negative linear relationship between HSI with Fork length, weight, Cd, Fe and GSI. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests (P≤0.05) show that there were significant differences between summer and autumn from heavy metal contents in the studied tissues point of view. The only exceptions were for Ni in the liver, gonads and muscle and as well as there were significant differences between male and female from heavy metal contents in the studied tissues. The only exceptions were for Pb in muscle, Ni in liver, gonad and muscle, V in muscle, and Cd and Fe in gonads.

四种渗透性防冻剂在猕猴精子低温冷冻保存中对精子功能状态的影响

以冷冻精子的复苏运动度、荧光染料Hoechst 33258 检测的细胞膜完整率、异硫氰酸荧光素标记的 花生凝集素(FITC2PNA) 检测的顶体完整率作为精子功能状态的指标, 对甘油、二甲亚砜、乙二醇和丙二醇4 种常用渗透性防冻剂在猕猴精子冷冻保存过程中的作用进行了比较。结果表明: 冷冻保存精子的复苏运动度, 甘油(4713 ±517 %) 和乙二醇(4418 ±617 %) > 二甲亚砜(2219 ±019 %) > 丙二醇(0 ±0 %) ; 细胞膜完整 率, 甘油(5418 ±312 %) 和乙二醇(5410 ±617 %) > 二甲亚砜(3715 ±710 %) > 丙二醇(2813 ±615 %) ; 顶 体完整率, 甘油(8212 ±214 %) 和乙二醇(8214 ±214 %) > 二甲亚砜(6817 ±517 %) 和丙二醇(7213 ± 315 %) ( P < 0105) 。结果提示: 二甲亚砜和丙二醇, 尤其是丙二醇并不适合猕猴精子的冷冻保存; 而乙二醇具 有和甘油相似的保护作用, 是一种极具潜力的猕猴精子冷冻保存的渗透性防冻剂。

嗜酸热硫球菌染色质碱性蛋白的提取

先用甲醇固定, 再用稀盐酸抽提方法对嗜酸热硫球菌染色质碱性蛋白进行了提取, 并将它与小牛胸腺组蛋白进行了比较研究。所获蛋白在两种电泳系统中都显示三种主要成分, 其分子量均小于小牛胸腺组蛋白H4。三者中以分子量最大者含量最高, 碱性则以分子量最小者最强。图2参12