CIL I(2): 2.4, 3216 – Funerary (?) inscription for Aula Tetia, priestess of Ceres

Photograph and notes by A.E. Gordon

2-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole is a ligand and shows species-specific partial agonism of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

2-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) and related compounds are a series of anti-cancer candidate pharmaceuticals (Table 1.), that have been shown to activate the AhR. We show that these compounds are high affinity ligands for the rat AhR, but a quantitative assay for their ability to induce CYP1A1 RNA in H4IIEC3 cells, a measure of activation of the AhR, showed a poor relationship between affinity for the AhR and ability to induce CYP1A1 RNA. 5F 203, an agonist with low potency, was able to antagonise the induction of CYP1A1 RNA by TCDD, while IH 445, a potent agonist, did not antagonise the induction of CYP1A1 RNA by TCDD, and Schild analysis confirmed 5F 203 to be a potent antagonist of the induction of CYP1A1 RNA by TCDD in H4IIEC3 cells. In contrast, several benzothiazoles show potent induction of CYP1A1 RNA in human MCF-7 cells, and 5F 203 is unable to detectably antagonise the induction of CYP1A1 RNA in MCF-7 cells, showing a species difference in antagonism. Evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of benzothiazoles showed that the ability to agonise the AhR correlated with growth inhibition both in H4IIEC3 cells for a variety of benzothiazoles, and between H4IIEC3 and MCF-7 cells for 5F 203, suggesting an important role of agonism of the AhR in the anti-proliferative activity of benzothiazoles.

A diffuse reflectance comparative study of benzil inclusion within p-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes (n=4, 6, and 8) and silicalite

Diffuse reflectance and laser-induced techniques were used to access photochemical and photophysical processes of benzil in solid supports, namely p-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes with n = 4, 6, and 8. A comparative study was performed using these results and those obtained with another electronically inert support, silicalite, which is a hydrophobic zeolite. In the latter substrate, ground-state benzil has the two carbonyl groups in an s-trans planar conformation while in the calixarenes a distribution of conformers exists, largely dominated by skew conformations where the carbonyl groups are twisted one to the other. In all substrates, room-temperature phosphorescence was obtained in air-equilibrated samples. The decay times vary greatly and the largest lifetime was obtained for benzil/p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene, showing that this host cavity well accommodates benzil, enhancing its room-temperature phosphorescence. p-tert-Butylcalix[6] and [8]arene molecules provide larger hydrophobic cavities than silicalite, and inclusion complexes are formed with these hosts and benzil as guest; p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene does not include benzil. This probe is deposited outside the calix[41 cavity, in the form of microcrystals. Triplet-triplet absorption of benzil was detected in all cases and is predominant in the silicalite channel inclusion case. Benzil ketyl radical formation occurs with inclusion in calix[6]arene and calix[8]arene. In the three cases, benzoyl radical was detected at long times (in the millisecond time scale). Product analysis and identification clearly show that the main detected degradation photoproducts in all substrates are benzoyl radical derivatives. Calix[6] and [8]arenes are able to supply hydrogen atoms that allow also another reaction, the reduction to benzoin through benzil ketyl radical formation.

Läxor i engelskundervisningen : En studie om hur lärare ser på engelskläxor och ordinlärning i årskurs 4-6

Läxor är en omdiskuterad fråga i den svenska skoldebatten med många argument både för och emot och för att kunna ta ställning i frågan är det viktigt att det finns tillgänglig kunskap om läxans för- och nackdelar. Detta en empirisk studie om lärares inställning till läxor och ordinlärning i engelskundervisning i grundskolans årskurs 4-6. Tidigare forskning om läxor och ordinlärning beskrivs och under studien har sju verksamma engelsklärare intervjuats. Metoden som används är en strukturerad intervju, där frågor har antecknats på förhand innan intervjun genomförts. Detta har gjorts för att minimera risken att informanternas svar påverkas av forskarens följdfrågor. Intervjuerna har spelats in och transkriberats för att sedan analyseras utifrån studiens teoretiska perspektiv, kognitiv lingvistik. Resultatet av analysen redovisas i studien och diskuteras med koppling till tidigare forskning och det teoretiska perspektivet. Resultatet av studien är att lärare idag använder sig av flera olika typer av läxor i engelska för att främja elevernas ordinlärning och glosläxan är den vanligast förekommande varianten. Lärarnas åsikter och föreställningar om läxor och ordinlärning skiljer sig mycket, vilket även reflekteras i forskningen om huruvida läxor bör användas och hur ordkunskap bäst undervisas.

Fem lärares arbete med läsförståelse i årskurs 4-6 : Motiven för och emot "En läsande klass"

Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie hade som syfte att synliggöra hur verksamma lärare i årskurs 4–6 motiverar sina val av läsinlärningsmetoder. Det var fem lärare som intervjuades via telefon eller genom personligt möte. Lärarnas svar transkriberades och sammanställdes med hjälp av färgkodning för att på detta sätt kunna se likheter och skillnader mellan lärarnas svar på de olika frågorna. Det som framkom av dessa intervjuer och i analysen var att lärare i första hand använder sig av beprövad erfarenhet och sin egen tysta kunskap om sina elever när de väljer undervisningsmetod.

Lärares syn på användning av vardagsanknuten matematik : En intervjustudie med fem matematiklärare i årskurs 4-6

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur lärare på mellanstadiet ser på användandet av en matematik kopplad till elevers vardag och erfarenheter. Vad betyder det för dem, använder de det i sin undervisning, anser de att det hjälper eller hindrar eleven i sin inlärningsprocess? Undersökningen har varit empirisk och utförts genom intervjuer med fem lärare som alla har behörighet att undervisa i matematik på mellanstadiet. De resultat som framkommit visar att lärare använder sig av en konkretiserad matematik genom att ta hjälp av olika material och koppla uppgifter till de intressen och erfarenheter eleverna bär med sig. En del lärare menar att vissa elever påverkas negativt av det här då det finns vissa delar i en konkretiserad, vardagsanknuten, matematik som gör att de kan uppleva problem och förvirring. Andra lärare menar istället att de märker hur elevernas förståelse ökar och att de tycker att matematik är roligt när de ser hur skolmatematiken kan kopplas samman och relateras till deras vardag och närliggande miljö.

Ban yue 半月 (The Half Moon Journal) Vol 2 No 6 (03 Dec, 1922)

A bimonthly literary magazine edited by Zhou Shoujuan 周瘦鵑, featuring fiction, topical articles, and entertainment features, published from September 1921 through November 1925.

SIMPOSIO HISTORIA, PROBLEMAS Y PERSPECTIVAS AGRARIAS EN COSTA RICA. 2 AL 6 DE JULIO DE 1984. INFORME FINAL DE LA ACTIVIDAD

Esta nota presenta un informe final Simposio Historia, problemas y perspectivas agrarias en Costa Rica realizado del  2 al 6 de julio de 1984.

Behavior Of Listeria Monocytogenes In A Multi-species Biofilm With Enterococcus Faecalis And Enterococcus Faecium And Control Through Sanitation Procedures.

The formation of mono-species biofilm (Listeria monocytogenes) and multi-species biofilms (Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and L. monocytogenes) was evaluated. In addition, the effectiveness of sanitation procedures for the control of the multi-species biofilm also was evaluated. The biofilms were grown on stainless steel coupons at various incubation temperatures (7, 25 and 39°C) and contact times (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8days). In all tests, at 7°C, the microbial counts were below 0.4 log CFU/cm(2) and not characteristic of biofilms. In mono-species biofilm, the counts of L. monocytogenes after 8days of contact were 4.1 and 2.8 log CFU/cm(2) at 25 and 39°C, respectively. In the multi-species biofilms, Enterococcus spp. were present at counts of 8 log CFU/cm(2) at 25 and 39°C after 8days of contact. However, the L. monocytogenes in multi-species biofilms was significantly affected by the presence of Enterococcus spp. and by temperature. At 25°C, the growth of L. monocytogenes biofilms was favored in multi-species cultures, with counts above 6 log CFU/cm(2) after 8days of contact. In contrast, at 39°C, a negative effect was observed for L. monocytogenes biofilm growth in mixed cultures, with a significant reduction in counts over time and values below 0.4 log CFU/cm(2) starting at day 4. Anionic tensioactive cleaning complemented with another procedure (acid cleaning, disinfection or acid cleaning+disinfection) eliminated the multi-species biofilms under all conditions tested (counts of all micro-organisms<0.4 log CFU/cm(2)). Peracetic acid was the most effective disinfectant, eliminating the multi-species biofilms under all tested conditions (counts of the all microorganisms <0.4 log CFU/cm(2)). In contrast, biguanide was the least effective disinfectant, failing to eliminate biofilms under all the test conditions.

Biofilms Of Enterococcus Faecalis And Enterococcus Faecium Isolated From The Processing Of Ricotta And The Control Of These Pathogens Through Cleaning And Sanitization Procedures.

The biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from the processing of ricotta on stainless steel coupons was evaluated, and the effect of cleaning and sanitization procedures in the control of these biofilms was determined. The formation of biofilms was observed while varying the incubation temperature (7, 25 and 39°C) and time (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8days). At 7°C, the counts of E. faecalis and E. faecium were below 2log10CFU/cm(2). For the temperatures of 25 and 39°C, after 1day, the counts of E. faecalis and E. faecium were 5.75 and 6.07log10CFU/cm(2), respectively, which is characteristic of biofilm formation. The tested sanitation procedures a) acid-anionic tensioactive cleaning, b) anionic tensioactive cleaning+sanitizer and c) acid-anionic tensioactive cleaning+sanitizer were effective in removing the biofilms, reducing the counts to levels below 0.4log10CFU/cm(2). The sanitizer biguanide was the least effective, and peracetic acid was the most effective. These studies revealed the ability of enterococci to form biofilms and the importance of the cleaning step and the type of sanitizer used in sanitation processes for the effective removal of biofilms.

A motivação de alunos no contexto da progressão continuada

This study investigated the intrinsic and extrinsic motivacional orientations of students in the context of the educational continuous progression. The sample was composed of 160 subjects of second, fourth, sixth and eighth grades of the elementary school. Data was collected by means of the presentation of histories involving the intrinsic, extrinsic motivation and the educational continuous progression system. Subjects were interviewed individually. Their answers were transcribed verbatim and submitted to content analysis. Results indicated that a expressive percentage of students did not know the educational system of continuous progression. Students revealed a predominantly intrinsic motivation orientation with advances in age and in school grade level, even though knowing that they will not repeat any school grade. This study pointed out the importance of deepening our knowledge concerning the impact of the educational continuous progression in students' motivation to learn.