(Table 1) Downhole variation of potassium, apparent K-Ar age, and inert gas abundances at DSDP Holes 69-504B, 70-504B and 83-504B

Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and K2O were measured in representative samples of holocrystalline basalt from DSDP Hole 504B. No hiatus in inert gas abundance is recognized at the base of the "oxic" alteration zone and the extent rather than the nature of alteration appears to determine these abundances. When the inert gas abundances are separately plotted against K2O, two distinct trends of loss emerge, one for alteration involving K-gain, the other for K-loss. Apparent whole-rock K-Ar ages are anomalous in the upper 50 m of basement, and below 300 m sub-basement. In the intervening zone of basement, celadonization adds sufficient potassium and eliminates enough "primary" 40Ar early in the history of the basalts for "excess" 40Ar to become subordinate to radiogenic 40Ar in basalts showing potassium enrichment greater than 0.2%. Stratigraphically correct K-Ar ages are obtained, therefore, from K-enriched basalts of the oxic alteration zone.

Table 1. Concentration of rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodule (crust), sediment and rock of the South China Sea

Based on the X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis of 15 rare earth elements in 6 ferromanganese nodu1es and 5 ferro mangane se crusts from the South China Sea, their abundances, distribution patterns, sources and relationships with associated elements are discussed in detail in this paper. The results show that: 1) The average abundance of rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodu1es and crusts is 1. 625 g/kg and 2. 167 g/kg respectively, which is 1-2 tim es , 5-6 times and 15-20 times higher than that in the Pacific, in the sediments of the North Pacific and the South China Sea, respectively; 2) The distribution patterns of rare earth elements standardized by the globular aerolite in ferro mangane se nodules and crusts are basically similar, that is, Ce is positively abnormal and Eu is in deficit slightly; 3) The relationships between rare earth elements and associated elements, sediments and rocks show that the source of rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules and crusts have mainly come from slow deposition caused by weathering and leaching of medium acidic rock of the South China Sea.

Working with people affected by cancer – Phase 1 of a mixed methods exploration of practitioner perspectives in nutritional therapy

Introduction - Nutritional therapy (NT) is a bioscience-based branch of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with National Occupational Standards (NOS) and accredited training courses which include compulsory clinical training. Approximately 900 practitioners are registered with the voluntary regulator, the Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC), but the number of unregulated practitioners is unknown. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide; nutrition and lifestyle factors may affect recurrence and survival rates. Many cancer patients and survivors seek individualised advice on diet and use of supplements and appropriately skilled nutritional therapy practitioners (NTP) may be well-placed to safely provide this advice. Little is known of NTPs’ perspectives on working with people affected by cancer; this study seeks to explore their views on training, use of evidence and other resources, to support the development of safe evidence-based practice in this important clinical area. Methods – An on-line anonymised questionnaire collected data from participants recruited from all UK registered NTPs. Recruitment was facilitated by the British Association for Applied Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy (BANT). Quantitative data on practitioner characteristics, years in practice, other therapies practiced and work with cancer clients were collected. Qualitative data on types of evidence used, barriers to practice and perceived training and support needs when working with clients with cancer, were collected and analysed. SPSS was used to produce descriptive statistics. Preliminary Results – 274/888 (31%) of registered NTPs participated. 61% respondents had accredited NT qualifications of which 46% were at degree or post-graduate level. 73% (202) participants indicated they also had other higher education qualifications, including 153 (56%) at degree or above. When asked to describe their position on cancer work, 17% respondents (40/238) indicated no interest, and 35% (84/238) respondents already work with cancer clients (cancer practitioners - CP). A further 48% (114/238) respondents expressed interest in starting cancer work, and typically requested specialist training and practice guidelines to support this area of clinical practice. Cancer practitioners (CP) rated searches of peer-reviewed literature as most useful for information to support practice, whereas commercial product information was rated least useful. CPs requested engagement with mainstream medicine, more access to research evidence and professional recognition to facilitate and support work with cancer clients. A need for professional networking, mentorship and/or supervision was noted by CP and non-CP respondents, which is of interest since 81% all participants worked as sole practitioners exclusively or as part of their practice, <1% worked within the NHS. Discussion & Conclusions – This is the first detailed documentation of NTP perspectives on cancer work. A number of areas have been identified for further detailed evidence to be collected using focus groups and interviews, including detailed training needs, communication with mainstream cancer professionals, access to research evidence, and professional recognition. This work will inform and support the development of professional practice guidelines for NT and inform the development of specialist training and other resources.

Seismic Wave Velocity as a Means of In-Place Density Measurement, HR-114, Final Report, Part 2 of 2

As noted in Part 1 of this report, the objective of the investigation was to apply principles of first-arrival seismic refraction to the problem of more quickly determining in-place dry density in highway materials. Part 2 of the report, contained herein, presents the results of both additional laboratory development of test techniques, plus extensive field test data.

Educação intercultural no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico: parcerias envolvendo a escola e a comunidade

Este estudo tem como finalidade compreender o processo de constituição de uma parceria educativa envolvendo escolas do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e outras instituições da comunidade para a promoção da educação intercultural e analisar a influência do trabalho desenvolvido por essa parceria nas práticas, atitudes, competências e conhecimentos de todos os participantes. Situa-se, por um lado, num entendimento de educação intercultural enquanto abordagem educativa fundamental para todos os alunos, assente na valorização da diversidade e na promoção de atitudes e competências de relacionamento interpessoal (como o respeito e a solidariedade), tendo em vista a formação de cidadãos responsáveis e participativos na construção de sociedades mais justas e coesas. Por outro, justifica o potencial das parcerias educativas para o desenvolvimento pessoal, profissional e institucional dos parceiros, assim como para o desenvolvimento da competência intercultural de todos os participantes (parceiros, alunos e comunidade envolvente). O desenho investigativo delineado, de natureza predominantemente qualitativa, encontra-se na interseção de três métodos investigativos: estudo de caso, estudo etnográfico e investigação-ação. Num primeiro momento (ano letivo 2008/2009) efetuou-se um estudo exploratório que visou conhecer as práticas de educação intercultural e de trabalho em parceria de professores a lecionar em escolas do 1.º CEB do concelho de Aveiro. O objetivo deste estudo era reunir sugestões de atividades e de instituições a contactar para a constituição de um grupo de parceiros com vista ao desenvolvimento posterior de um projeto sobre educação intercultural. Os dados recolhidos por meio da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a 228 professores do 1º CEB do distrito de Aveiro (dos quais 114 foram respondidos) permitiram concluir que as práticas educativas a este nível, e no contexto em causa, são ainda escassas ou pouco divulgadas. Passou-se, então, à constituição de um grupo de parceiros educativos que contou com um total de 13 elementos: a investigadora, enquanto parceira representante da Universidade de Aveiro, seis professoras do 1.º CEB, duas professoras de Música das Atividades de Enriquecimento Curricular, um representante de uma associação de imigrantes, um representante de uma associação cultural, um representante de uma CERCI e um representante da Câmara e Biblioteca Municipal. Ao longo do ano escolar 2010/2011, o grupo de parceiros desenvolveu colaborativamente um projeto de intervenção sobre educação intercultural para alunos do 1.º CEB. Este projeto proporcionou-lhes momentos de formação sobre educação intercultural e jogos colaborativos e permitiu-lhes partilhar as suas dúvidas e experiências relativas à temática em causa, propor estratégias e metodologias e disponibilizar recursos para a conceção e implementação das atividades. Os dados foram recolhidos em diferentes momentos: antes de se dar início ao projeto de intervenção, efetuou-se uma entrevista inicial a cada um dos parceiros; durante o decorrer do projeto realizou-se um focus group e registaram-se em formato áudio todas as sessões de trabalho entre os parceiros; após a conclusão do projeto de intervenção, teve lugar uma nova entrevista individual a cada um deles. Estes dados foram transcritos e analisados de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Para além disso, todos os documentos elaborados pela investigadora durante a gestão da parceria, os portfólios das professoras participantes e os registos fotográficos das atividades implementadas constituíram-se como dados secundários. Os resultados mostraram que a participação neste projeto: i) conduziu a que ocorresse uma alteração das representações dos parceiros sobre interculturalidade e educação intercultural; ii) permitiu a todos os participantes (parceiros, alunos e comunidade) desenvolverem a sua competência intercultural; iii) proporcionou situações de trabalho colaborativo que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento pessoal, profissional e institucional de todos os parceiros; iv) motivou os parceiros a darem continuidade ao trabalho aqui desenvolvido. Este estudo permitiu, ainda, refletir sobre a importância da formação de formadores em educação intercultural e da necessidade de sensibilização para o desenvolvimento de trabalho colaborativo entre escola, comunidade e investigadores académicos.

Przegląd prawodawstwa RPEiS 2, 1922, z. 1

Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016

Weather variability, tides, and Barmah Forest Virus Disease in the Gladstone region, Australia

In this study we examined the impact of weather variability and tides on the transmission of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease and developed a weather-based forecasting model for BFV disease in the Gladstone region, Australia. We used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving-average (SARIMA) models to determine the contribution of weather variables to BFV transmission after the time-series data of response and explanatory variables were made stationary through seasonal differencing. We obtained data on the monthly counts of BFV cases, weather variables (e.g., mean minimum and maximum temperature, total rainfall, and mean relative humidity), high and low tides, and the population size in the Gladstone region between January 1992 and December 2001 from the Queensland Department of Health, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Queensland Department of Transport, and Australian Bureau of Statistics, respectively. The SARIMA model shows that the 5-month moving average of minimum temperature (β = 0.15, p-value < 0.001) was statistically significantly and positively associated with BFV disease, whereas high tide in the current month (β = −1.03, p-value = 0.04) was statistically significantly and inversely associated with it. However, no significant association was found for other variables. These results may be applied to forecast the occurrence of BFV disease and to use public health resources in BFV control and prevention.