Salud comunitaria y acci��n social en el control epidemiol��gico del tracoma infantil, Espa��a (1932-1939)

En el contexto de la endemia tracomatosa que afect�� a diversas regiones espa��olas hasta la d��cada de 1960, se analizan los determinantes epidemiol��gicos del tracoma infantil y su abordaje desde el modelo de asistencia preventiva que encerraba el concepto de salud comunitaria que se perfil�� en el per��odo de entreguerras. La detecci��n precoz de casos, unida a actividades preventivas, educativas, terap��uticas y de inspecci��n, como las que llevaron a cabo las enfermeras visitadoras, contribuyeron al control de la enfermedad. Los resultados reafirman la validez de las estrategias de intervenci��n horizontal de mejora de las condiciones higi��nicas y de los factores medioambientales que explicaban la prevalencia del tracoma.

From the boom to the crisis: changes in employment conditions of immigrants in Spain and their effects on mental health

Background: Migrant workers have been one of the groups most affected by the economic crisis. This study evaluates the influence of changes in employment conditions on the incidence of poor mental health of immigrant workers in Spain, after a period of 3 years, in context of economic crisis. Methods: Follow-up survey was conducted at two time points, 2008 and 2011, with a reference population of 318 workers from Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania residing in Spain. Individuals from this population who reported good mental health in the 2008 survey (n = 214) were interviewed again in 2011 to evaluate their mental health status and the effects of their different employment situations since 2008 by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sociodemographic and employment characteristics. Findings: There was an increased risk of poor mental health in workers who lost their jobs (aOR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.64���7.96), whose number of working hours increased (aOR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.02���5.44), whose monthly income decreased (aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.08���7.00) or who remained within the low-income bracket. This was also the case for people whose legal status (permission for working and residing in Spain) was temporary or permanent compared with those with Spanish nationality (aOR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.15���9.58) or illegal (aOR = 17.34, 95%CI: 1.96���153.23). In contrast, a decreased risk was observed among those who attained their registration under Spanish Social Security system (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02���0.48). Conclusion: There was an increase in poor mental health among immigrant workers who experienced deterioration in their employment conditions, probably influenced by the economic crisis.

A qualitative exploration of the impact of the economic recession in Spain on working, living and health conditions: reflections based on immigrant workers' experiences

Background: This study aimed to analyse how immigrant workers in Spain experienced changes in their working and employment conditions brought about Spain's economic recession and the impact of these changes on their living conditions and health status. Method: We conducted a grounded theory study. Data were obtained through six focus group discussions with immigrant workers (n = 44) from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco, and two individual interviews with key informants from Romania living in Spain, selected by theoretical sample. Results: Three categories related to the crisis emerged ��� previous labour experiences, employment consequences and individual consequences ��� that show how immigrant workers in Spain (i) understand the change in employment and working conditions conditioned by their experiences in the period prior to the crisis, and (ii) experienced the deterioration in their quality of life and health as consequences of the worsening of employment and working conditions during times of economic recession. Conclusion: The negative impact of the financial crisis on immigrant workers may increase their social vulnerability, potentially leading to the failure of their migratory project and a return to their home countries. Policy makers should take measures to minimize the negative impact of economic crisis on the occupational health of migrant workers in order to strengthen social protection and promote health and well-being.

Effect of economic recession on psychosocial working conditions by workers' nationality

Background: Several publications have documented the effects of economic recessions on health. However, little is known about how economic recessions influence working conditions, especially among vulnerable workers. Objective: To explore the effects of 2008 economic crisis on the prevalence of adverse psychosocial working conditions among Spanish and foreign national workers. Methods: Data come from the 2007 and 2011 Spanish Working Conditions Surveys. Survey year, sociodemographic, and occupational information were independent variables and psychosocial factors exposures were dependent variables. Analyses were stratified by nationality (Spanish versus foreign). Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) of psychological job demands, job control, job social support, physical demands and perceived job insecurity were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: The Spanish population had higher risk of psychological and physical job demand (aPR =���1.07, 95% CI���=���[1.04���1.10] and aPR���=���1.05, 95% CI���=���[1.01���1.09], respectively) in 2011 compared to 2007. Among both Spanish and foreign national workers, greater aPR were found for job loss in 2011 compared to 2007 (aPR���=���2.47, 95% CI���=���[2.34���2.60]; aPR���=���2.44, 95% CI���=���[2.15���2.77], respectively). Conclusion: The 2008 economic crisis was associated with a significant increase in physical demands in Spanish workers and increased job insecurity for both Spanish and foreign workers.

Is video-case an efficient tool to complement the practical learning in real contexts? Effects on satisfaction and performance in Social Work Degree students

Este documento es un art��culo in��dito que ha sido aceptado para su publicaci��n. Como un servicio a sus autores y lectores, Alternativas. Cuadernos de trabajo social proporciona online esta edici��n preliminar. El manuscrito puede sufrir alteraciones tras la edici��n y correcci��n de pruebas, antes de su publicaci��n definitiva. Los posibles cambios no afectar��n en ning��n caso a la informaci��n contenida en esta hoja, ni a lo esencial del contenido del art��culo.

Please Stop Rubbing Your Relationship In My Face(book): An Investigation of Online Romantic Social Comparison

It is well-documented that social networking sites such as Facebook set the stage for social comparison. Such comparison has been linked to a number of negative outcomes including envy, negative moods, and lower self-esteem. The present research aims to extend current understanding of online social comparison by investigating how it pertains to romantic relationships. I hypothesized that for individuals high in attachment anxiety (compared to those low in this construct), online romantic social comparison might be related to negative consequences���which, in the current project, was operationalized as lower mood/affect and state self-esteem. Further, I hypothesized that there would be an interaction between attachment anxiety and relationship insecurities on these negative outcomes, such that the expected difference of attachment anxiety would be more pronounced under conditions priming relationship insecurities, relative to a control condition. Two experiments were conducted, one of which focused on single individuals, and the second focusing on individuals who were themselves in dating relationships. The paradigms of each entailed experimental manipulation of a key relationship-related variable (for single individuals, pessimism for future relationships; for dating individuals, the presence or absence of rejection threat), subsequent exposure to romantic content from Facebook, and finally, measures of affect and state self-esteem. I discovered partial support for the hypothesis that some single individuals���particularly those with higher, rather than lower, attachment anxiety���do indeed report feeling more negative moods and lower state self-esteem following exposure to romantic online content, in contrast to single individuals who had instead viewed neutral online content. The association between attachment anxiety and negative outcome was especially pertinent if individuals had been primed to believe that their own future romantic prospects were grim, or if attention had been drawn to their singleness. Among dating individuals, less support for hypotheses was found; however, exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed a promising (albeit weak) trend indicating that reinvestigation of the current hypotheses would be prudent.

Preventing Social Death in Long Term Care: Fostering Social Connectivity in the U.S. and The Netherlands. ACES Working Papers, July 2012

Long term care (LTC) is both costly and of increasing concern as baby boomers age and more people live longer with chronic conditions. Today, people receive formal and informal LTC supports in homes, nursing homes, and alternative settings around the world. Where people live and the way LTC is delivered has an important impact on whether person���s receiving care thrive as they age. This paper is about how different LTC environments in the U.S. and The Netherlands foster or impede social connectivity, suggesting that quality of life will be impeded and types of social death, or disconnection from social life, more often the result in environments that limit choice and self determination, limit access to privacy and social connection, and limit access to reciprocal exchanges, a key component of participating in relationships typical of the concept of ���the gift��� introduced by anthropologist Marcel Mauss in 1954. Building on ethnographic data from a 15-month study of LTC in The Netherlands and a review of staffing practices in LTC environments in the U.S. and The Netherlands, I will explore concepts of reciprocity and social connectivity impacted by various LTC environments in two countries known to experiment with different models of care. This research builds on social constructivist notions of death and dying explored throughout this edited volume and adds to this effort examination of social death in anthropological perspective.

Poor and under pressure: the social impact of Europe's fiscal consolidation. Bruegel Policy Contribution, Issue 2015/04, March 2015

Europe faces major challenges related to poverty, unemployment and polarisation between the south and the north, which impact adversely the current living conditions of many citizens, and also negatively impact medium- and long-term economic growth. Fiscal consolidation exaggerated social hardship. In vulnerable countries there was no alternative to fiscal consolidation, but in most EU countries and at aggregate EU level, consolidation was premature when the cyclical position of the economy was deteriorating. Spending on social protection was shielded relative to other spending categories, but public bank rescue costs were high. While the changes in the tax mix favoured job creation, the overall tax burden become more regressive. There is an increasing generational divide between the elderly and the young in terms of social indicators. Social spending on elderly people was favoured relative to spending on families, children and education. There is now a serious danger that a lost generation might develop in several member states. Forceful policies should include bold structural reforms, better use of the European economic governance framework, more demand promotion, and a revision of national tax/benefit systems for fair burden sharing between the wealthy and poor.

A inser����o profissional de assistentes sociais em institui����es particulares de solidariedade social com resposta �� senioridade: o caso do concelho da Covilh��

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a inser����o das T��cnicas de Servi��o Social na ��rea da senioridade. Como se trata de um estudo de caso restringe-se concelho da Covilh��. Por isso, foi realizado um estudo que tinha quatro vertentes: as Assistentes Sociais, as Institui����es Particulares de Solidariedade Social e o concelho da Covilh��. No sentido de tomar mais consistente a pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um gui��o de entrevista e aplicado a v��rias profissionais inseridas nas Ipss com tr��s val��ncias (ERPI, SAD e CD) no concelho. Posteriormente foram analisados os resultados e comparados com dados recolhidos dos Censos, do Instituto nacional de Estat��stica e Pordata. O tema �� bastante atual e pertinente, devido ao panorama nacional. Por um lado o aumento da Taxas de desemprego e emigra����o, e por outro o envelhecimento da popula����o e o aumento dos casos sociais. Concluiu-se que, para as entrevistadas a maior dificuldade no desempenho das suas fun����es �� a excessiva carga hor��ria, os problemas di��rios associados aos idosos (Depend��ncia f��sica e mental, o Luto, condi����es desumanas) no entanto revelaram alguma facilidade e rapidez na obten����o do primeiro emprego.

"Empezar es haber andado la mitad" : Organizaci��n social y condiciones laborales en la Sociedad Vit��cola Uruguaya

La Sociedad Vit��cola Uruguaya (SVU) se fund�� en marzo de 1887 fue parte del proyecto modernizador y diversificador del agro uruguayo impulsado por la Asociaci��n Rural del Uruguay (ARU), entidad corporativa similar a la Sociedad Rural Argentina. Este trabajo analiza los or��genes de la SVU, ��nica entidad de este tipo en Sudam��rica, en el marco del desarrollo agrario uruguayo de finales del siglo XIX. Tambi��n se estudian las condiciones de la mano de obra asalariada, la divisi��n de las tareas y la estructura organizacional en los or��genes del establecimiento. El objetivo es analizar c��mo un sector de la ��lite uruguaya, reunida en la ARU, impuls�� la creaci��n de la SVU como parte de un modelo de producci��n capitalista diversificada y basada en una sociedad por acciones en el agro a finales del siglo XIX. La hip��tesis que gu��a este trabajo es que dicho proyecto no s��lo ten��a como objetivo el desarrollo de la vitivinicultura, sino tambi��n, el de servir de modelo sociocultural con el fin de motorizar relaciones sociales capitalistas en el agro y de afincar al "gaucho" en el entorno rural

Nouveau Manuel Complet de la bonne compagnie ou guide de la politesse et de la biens��ance : destin�� �� tous les ��ges et �� toutes les conditions /

Menci��n de ed. precede a autor.

"Empezar es haber andado la mitad" : Organizaci��n social y condiciones laborales en la Sociedad Vit��cola Uruguaya

La Sociedad Vit��cola Uruguaya (SVU) se fund�� en marzo de 1887 fue parte del proyecto modernizador y diversificador del agro uruguayo impulsado por la Asociaci��n Rural del Uruguay (ARU), entidad corporativa similar a la Sociedad Rural Argentina. Este trabajo analiza los or��genes de la SVU, ��nica entidad de este tipo en Sudam��rica, en el marco del desarrollo agrario uruguayo de finales del siglo XIX. Tambi��n se estudian las condiciones de la mano de obra asalariada, la divisi��n de las tareas y la estructura organizacional en los or��genes del establecimiento. El objetivo es analizar c��mo un sector de la ��lite uruguaya, reunida en la ARU, impuls�� la creaci��n de la SVU como parte de un modelo de producci��n capitalista diversificada y basada en una sociedad por acciones en el agro a finales del siglo XIX. La hip��tesis que gu��a este trabajo es que dicho proyecto no s��lo ten��a como objetivo el desarrollo de la vitivinicultura, sino tambi��n, el de servir de modelo sociocultural con el fin de motorizar relaciones sociales capitalistas en el agro y de afincar al "gaucho" en el entorno rural

State Social Safety Net Programs and the Great Recession: The First Line of Defense and the Last Resort for the Economically Disadvantaged

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06