Feira de São Cristóvão: uma incursão sobre os estudos na área e a tentativa de aproximação à relação global-local

O presente trabalho se propõe fazer uma aproximação aos estudos sobre a tradicionalmente chamada Feira de São Cristóvão, levando em consideração a relação entre os agentes partícipes e a dinâmica no espaço. O objetivo é compreender melhor a força que move os atores no sentido da mudança da forma da feira para a forma do Centro Luiz Gonzaga de Tradições Nordestinas (CLGTN), e assim me aproximar da seguinte questão: Por que uma forma de comércio como a modelada na Feira de São Cristóvão, popularmente conhecida como feira dos paraíbas, sobrevive à força das mudanças operadas no ramo, dando lugar aos sofistificados shopping-centers? Para isso, faço uma aproximação ao estado de arte da pesquisa na área com base nas seguintes categorias de análise: a Feira como forma de produção do espaço e a relação Forma-Conteúdo, a relação espaço-identidade na feira e a relação entre agentes internos e externos no Espaço. Vendo a migração como movimento responsável pela constituição de um espaço social e territorialmente diferenciado do nordestino na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, é por ela que inicio a exposição. Esta se continua com a análise dos trabalhos escolhidos para estudo, via as categorias indicadas e, com um capítulo no qual procuro repensar a feira a partir da relação global-local que vem referenciando as reflexões acumuladas na área do urbano a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Por fim, concluo observando que a permanência da feira se deve a um duplo movimento de resistência-absorção que, se redefinindo no tempo e no espaço, não consegue, entretanto, apagar os traços da tradição que lhe deu origem.

Análisis presupuestario de la entidad local Sarriko 1. Período 2010-2013

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado nos ofrece la posibilidad de profundizar en aspectos relacionados con la administración pública,tomando como base la información presupuestaria y financiera de la Entidad Local Sarriko 1. en el período 2010-2013. Se analizará el volumen de gasto e ingreso liquidado, su distribución funcional y económica. Además se diagnosticará su situación presupuestaria y financiera actual, las causas que la han llevado a esta situación y en la medida de lo posible determinar escenarios de situación futuros.Por otro lado, se aborda el tema de la Estabilidad Presupuestaria, así como el cálculo de dicha variable.

Desarrollo sostenible y Agenda 21 Local

Resumen (ESPAÑOL) En el presente trabajo se ha tratado de analizar la evolución, tanto del concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible, como de la herramienta Agenda 21 Local, verificando la creciente preocupación que se está extendiendo en la ciudadanía, en las instituciones y en las empresas, así como la irreversibilidad de la mayoría de los resultados alcanzados. En este marco, se han estudiado los casos concretos de la implantación de la Agenda 21 Local en Europa, España, Euskadi y Getxo, por ser este último el municipio en el que resido. Con este estudio, se confirma la hipótesis de que, aunque en la implantación de la Agenda 21 Local se aprecia un esfuerzo realizado notable, queda todavía mucho camino por recorrer en la senda hacia la sostenibilidad.

SAMUDRA Report No. 57, November 2010

Mackerel mayhem: On the ongoing dispute in northern Europe over the boom in mackerel stocks. Small and mighty: The Banjul civil society declaration on sustainable livelihoods in African fisheries. Building partnerships: The case of Red Sea fisheries management shows how fishers’ rights can be strengthened. The write stuff: The website of Comité Local des Pêches Le Guilvinec celebrates its second anniversary. Frankenfish salmon: The United States is close to approving genetically engineered salmon. Trawl brawl: Indian and Sri Lankan fishermen have worked to co-exist in the Palk Bay. Tsunami recovery: On the traditional tenure system of the fishing community of Juan Fernández. New goals from Nagoya: The Nagoya meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity made some progress. Beyond Bangkok: The civil society workshop in Costa Rica focused on small-scale fishers in Latin America. Securing small-scale fisheries. Recommendations adopted at the San José FAO workshop dealt with small-scale fisheries. (PDF contains 56 pages)

Mechanism of red colouration in Tovel-See (”Conclusions” only) [Translation from: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 38 299-302, 1941]

Cases of red colouration in small lake basins, due to the abundant appearance of microorganisms have long been known. Usually it is caused by a fast, sudden, intensive propagation (so called ”bloom”) of Cyanophycae and bacteria. (e.g. Oscillatoracae, thiobacteria etc.). An exception to this is the red colouration of Tovel-See, an alpine lake basin in the Dolomites of the Brenta group (Trentino), lying at a height of 1178 m and hidden in the woodland of a valley. Here the red bloom has a double rhythm: a daily and a yearly rhythm. The colouration of one part of the lake takes place in the warmest months of the year (i.e. July, August, September) and in the middle hours of the day. The immediate origin of the bloom has been known for a long time: it is caused by the Peridinacae Glenodinium sanguineum. This paper describes the phenomenon of red colouration of the lake and discusses its conditions.

Local thermal fixing of a photorefractive LiNbO3 hologram by use of a CO2 laser

A real-time, in situ fixing method by use of heating with a CO2 laser beam is suggested for thermal fixing of a small local hologram in the bulk of a Fe:LiNbO3 photorefractive crystal. For heating up to 100 degrees C-200 degrees C a volume with a shape similar to that of the laser beam a heat-guiding technique is developed. On the basis of the heat-transfer equations, different heating modes with or without metal absorbers for heat guiding-obtained by use of a continuous or pulsed laser beam are analyzed. The optimal mode may be pulsed heating with absorbers. On this basis experiments have been designed and demonstrated. It is seen that the fixing process with CO2 laser beam is short compared with the process by use of an oven, and the fixing efficiency is quite high. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America.

A comparison of the costs of operation of the motor bus, Birney safety car, and trolley bus on the local transportation routes in Pasadena

With the installation by the Pacific Electric Railway of a bus system in Pasadena to supplant most of its trolley lines, the problem of the comparison of the costs of the two systems naturally presented itself. The study here undertaken was originally started as just a comparison of the motor bus and Birney Safety Car, but as the work progressed it seemed advisable to include the trolley bus as well - a method of transportation that is comparatively new as far as development is concerned, but which seems to be finding increasing favor in the East.

A reliable phase unwrapping algorithm based on the local fitting plane and quality map

A fast and reliable phase unwrapping (PhU) algorithm, based on the local quality-guided fitting plane, is presented. Its framework depends on the basic plane-approximated assumption for phase values of local pixels and on the phase derivative variance (PDV) quality map. Compared with other existing popular unwrapping algorithms, the proposed algorithm demonstrated improved robustness and immunity to strong noise and high phase variations, given that the plane assumption for local phase is reasonably satisfied. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by computer-simulated and experimental results.

Diseño de un detector para una red de vigilancia radiológica ambiental

[ES]El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el montaje de un contador proporcional de radiación para su uso en una red de vigilancia radiológica ambiental desde su diseño básico hasta su puesta en marcha. Se realizará un análisis de las razones que nos han llevado a elegir este tipo de contadores de ionización gaseosa (frente a otros tipos), para llegar a la conclusión de que son los más adecuados para la vigilancia radiológica ambiental. Este análisis describirá la solución a la que se ha llegado para construir un contador con los medios al alcance y el porqué de su diseño concreto, así como la metodología de trabajo que se ha seguido para la obtención del mismo. Basándonos en suposiciones teóricas derivadas del análisis geométrico de la instrumentación para la obtención de resultados previsibles, se realizará una verificación mediante ensayos técnicos en el laboratorio. Se presupuestará el material utilizado y las horas requeridas, para llevar una cuenta de lo que le ha costado al departamento y lo que le habría costado en caso de no poseer la instrumentación utilizada. Después de realizar diversos test relacionados con la instrumentación electrónica, se procederá a obtener unas conclusiones derivadas de los ensayos en el laboratorio para su posterior comparación con las estimaciones teóricas. En el anexo I se encuentran los planos de diseño que se han realizado y en el anexo II los resultados finales obtenidos de los ensayos.

Wavefront conversion by local volume holograms between cylindrical and plane waves with reconstruction at a different readout wavelength

Based on the two-dimensional coupled-wave theory, the wavefront conversion between cylindrical and plane waves by local volume holograms recorded at 632.8 nm and reconstructed at 800 nm is investigated. The proposed model can realize the 90 degrees holographic readout at a different readout wavelength. The analytical integral solutions for the amplitudes of the space harmonics of the field inside the transmission geometry are presented. The values of the off-Bragg parameter at the reconstructed process and the diffracted beam's amplitude distribution are analysed. In addition, the dependences of diffraction efficiency on the focal length of the recording cylindrical wave and on the geometrical dimensions of the grating are discussed. Furthermore, the focusing properties of this photorefractive holographic cylindrical lens are analysed.

Diseño y desarrollo de una interfaz de configuración de un generador de tráfico de red

[ES]Se trata de un software de gobierno para un inyector de tráfico de altas prestaciones capaz de adaptar el tráfico de red a distintos parámetros. Además, se deberán integrar el conjunto en la arquitectura de pruebas del laboratorio.

Diseño electrónico de una red de comunicaciones para monitorización de estructuras

[ES]El Trabajo Fin de Grado “Diseño electrónico de una red de comunicaciones para monitorización de estructuras” consiste en el desarrollo de un sistema de comunicación orientado al despliegue y gestión de una red con un alto número de sensores para monitorización de estructuras a bordo de una aeronave. El objetivo principal es hacer viable la utilización de dicha red, partiendo de la premisa de crear una alternativa con mayor eficiencia energética que los sistemas actualmente disponibles para tal fin.

Reposición de la Red Básica Municipal de Donostia/San Sebastián

En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado, se trabajará sobre la Red Básica Municipal de Donostia/San Sebastián, donde el autor ha sido partícipe en la campaña de reposición de la Red. Nos remontaremos a los orígenes de la Red, explicando cómo nació la Red Básica Municipal de Donostia/San Sebastián y la metodología que se usó para los trabajos previos a su implantación. A lo largo del trabajo, se explicará la metodología de observación y cálculo que se ha empleado en la actual reposición de la Red, el cual ha sido desarrollado por la empresa Geograma S.L. para el Ayuntamiento de San Sebastián entre enero y mayo de 2014. Finalmente, se estudiará como metodología alternativa las observaciones RTK en Red (NRTK), con el fin de validar el método para trabajos de observación de Redes Urbanas de Referencias Topográficas.

Deep near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift galaxies: the physical growth of passive systems

The assembly history of massive galaxies is one of the most important aspects of galaxy formation and evolution. Although we have a broad idea of what physical processes govern the early phases of galaxy evolution, there are still many open questions. In this thesis I demonstrate the crucial role that spectroscopy can play in a physical understanding of galaxy evolution. I present deep near-infrared spectroscopy for a sample of high-redshift galaxies, from which I derive important physical properties and their evolution with cosmic time. I take advantage of the recent arrival of efficient near-infrared detectors to target the rest-frame optical spectra of z > 1 galaxies, from which many physical quantities can be derived. After illustrating the applications of near-infrared deep spectroscopy with a study of star-forming galaxies, I focus on the evolution of massive quiescent systems.

Most of this thesis is based on two samples collected at the W. M. Keck Observatory that represent a significant step forward in the spectroscopic study of z > 1 quiescent galaxies. All previous spectroscopic samples at this redshift were either limited to a few objects, or much shallower in terms of depth. Our first sample is composed of 56 quiescent galaxies at 1 < z < 1.6 collected using the upgraded red arm of the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS). The second consists of 24 deep spectra of 1.5 < z < 2.5 quiescent objects observed with the Multi-Object Spectrometer For Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE). Together, these spectra span the critical epoch 1 < z < 2.5, where most of the red sequence is formed, and where the sizes of quiescent systems are observed to increase significantly.

We measure stellar velocity dispersions and dynamical masses for the largest number of z > 1 quiescent galaxies to date. By assuming that the velocity dispersion of a massive galaxy does not change throughout its lifetime, as suggested by theoretical studies, we match galaxies in the local universe with their high-redshift progenitors. This allows us to derive the physical growth in mass and size experienced by individual systems, which represents a substantial advance over photometric inferences based on the overall galaxy population. We find a significant physical growth among quiescent galaxies over 0 < z < 2.5 and, by comparing the slope of growth in the mass-size plane dlogR_e/dlogM_∗ with the results of numerical simulations, we can constrain the physical process responsible for the evolution. Our results show that the slope of growth becomes steeper at higher redshifts, yet is broadly consistent with minor mergers being the main process by which individual objects evolve in mass and size.

By fitting stellar population models to the observed spectroscopy and photometry we derive reliable ages and other stellar population properties. We show that the addition of the spectroscopic data helps break the degeneracy between age and dust extinction, and yields significantly more robust results compared to fitting models to the photometry alone. We detect a clear relation between size and age, where larger galaxies are younger. Therefore, over time the average size of the quiescent population will increase because of the contribution of large galaxies recently arrived to the red sequence. This effect, called progenitor bias, is different from the physical size growth discussed above, but represents another contribution to the observed difference between the typical sizes of low- and high-redshift quiescent galaxies. By reconstructing the evolution of the red sequence starting at z ∼ 1.25 and using our stellar population histories to infer the past behavior to z ∼ 2, we demonstrate that progenitor bias accounts for only half of the observed growth of the population. The remaining size evolution must be due to physical growth of individual systems, in agreement with our dynamical study.

Finally, we use the stellar population properties to explore the earliest periods which led to the formation of massive quiescent galaxies. We find tentative evidence for two channels of star formation quenching, which suggests the existence of two independent physical mechanisms. We also detect a mass downsizing, where more massive galaxies form at higher redshift, and then evolve passively. By analyzing in depth the star formation history of the brightest object at z > 2 in our sample, we are able to put constraints on the quenching timescale and on the properties of its progenitor.

A consistent picture emerges from our analyses: massive galaxies form at very early epochs, are quenched on short timescales, and then evolve passively. The evolution is passive in the sense that no new stars are formed, but significant mass and size growth is achieved by accreting smaller, gas-poor systems. At the same time the population of quiescent galaxies grows in number due to the quenching of larger star-forming galaxies. This picture is in agreement with other observational studies, such as measurements of the merger rate and analyses of galaxy evolution at fixed number density.