QEAT: Pergunta, Responde e Interage. Projeto de Comunicação de Nutrição na Web

A nutrição e a alimentação. Dois conceitos tão pessoais quanto públicos, que geram discussão e abrem espaço a mitos e crenças. O interesse coletivo nestes assuntos é causa e consequência da grande quantidade de informação, por vezes pouco rigorosa, outras contraditória, disponível online. Impõe-se portanto não só a transmissão de informação fidedigna, que reflita o estado atual da ciência, mas também a criação de espaços de diálogo, capazes de suscitar sentido crítico, num contexto de interação e comunicação online. Contextualiza-se assim a relevância do projeto QEAT, uma plataforma de comunicação de ciência, assente numa matriz de Envolvimento Público da Ciência ou Public Engagement with Science (PES), na sua expressão em inglês. O QEAT pretende ser um espaço de referência online, que promove o diálogo ao serviço da informação sobre alimentação e nutrição. Uma plataforma onde há espaço para o esclarecimento, a discussão e a participação, reunindo especialistas e não especialistas na mesma missão de comunicar nutrição. O modelo eleito seguirá um formato de rede social de pergunta e resposta (SQ&A), aproveitando a interatividade e a transversalidade destes canais de comunicação, abrindo aos diferentes públicos a possibilidade de participar na plataforma com perguntas, ideias, conteúdos. Desta forma, as ciências da nutrição e alimentação serão o tópico dominante das conversas, abertas a todos os interessados, instigadas e moderadas pelos gestores da plataforma. O canal QEAT será alimentado por conteúdos coproduzidos por nutricionistas, cientistas e diferentes profissionais da comunicação, no âmbito do projeto, a par de conteúdos produzidos pelos utilizadores (user generated contents), sujeitos a uma votação, ou seja, um controlo de qualidade. Todos os contribuidores vão construindo a sua reputação de acordo com a validade dos conteúdos que produzem. Uma gestão de conteúdos que permite por um lado monitorizar a qualidade e o rigor da informação, mas também perceber os tópicos que interessam aos utilizadores, bem como as suas dúvidas. A implementação deste projeto procura criar um espaço de referência online capaz de funcionar como um repositório dinâmico de informação sobre nutrição; e fomentar uma relação bidirecional entre os diferentes públicos do projeto. Da persecução destes objetivos, espera-se que resultem novas ideias, conhecimentos e direções dos caminhos a tomar no sentido de uma comunicação responsável na área da nutrição.

Integrative literature review of the reported uses of serological tests in leprosy management

Abstract: An integrative literature review was conducted to synthesize available publications regarding the potential use of serological tests in leprosy programs. We searched the databases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde, Acervo da Biblioteca da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Hanseníase, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Ovid, Cinahl, and Web of Science for articles investigating the use of serological tests for antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), ML0405, ML2331, leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (LID-1), and natural disaccharide octyl-leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (NDO-LID). From an initial pool of 3.514 articles, 40 full-length articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Based on these papers, we concluded that these antibodies can be used to assist in diagnosing leprosy, detecting neuritis, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring household contacts or at-risk populations in leprosy-endemic areas. Thus, available data suggest that serological tests could contribute substantially to leprosy management.

Semantic relations extraction from unstructured information for domain ontologies enrichment

Based in internet growth, through semantic web, together with communication speed improvement and fast development of storage device sizes, data and information volume rises considerably every day. Because of this, in the last few years there has been a growing interest in structures for formal representation with suitable characteristics, such as the possibility to organize data and information, as well as the reuse of its contents aimed for the generation of new knowledge. Controlled Vocabulary, specifically Ontologies, present themselves in the lead as one of such structures of representation with high potential. Not only allow for data representation, as well as the reuse of such data for knowledge extraction, coupled with its subsequent storage through not so complex formalisms. However, for the purpose of assuring that ontology knowledge is always up to date, they need maintenance. Ontology Learning is an area which studies the details of update and maintenance of ontologies. It is worth noting that relevant literature already presents first results on automatic maintenance of ontologies, but still in a very early stage. Human-based processes are still the current way to update and maintain an ontology, which turns this into a cumbersome task. The generation of new knowledge aimed for ontology growth can be done based in Data Mining techniques, which is an area that studies techniques for data processing, pattern discovery and knowledge extraction in IT systems. This work aims at proposing a novel semi-automatic method for knowledge extraction from unstructured data sources, using Data Mining techniques, namely through pattern discovery, focused in improving the precision of concept and its semantic relations present in an ontology. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed method, a proof of concept was developed, presenting its results, which were applied in building and construction sector.

Monitoring the treatment of sepsis with vancomycin in term newborn infants

A prospective study was conducted to determine if standardized vancomycin doses could produce adequate serum concentrations in 25 term newborn infants with sepsis. Purpose: The therapeutic response of neonatal sepsis by Staphylococcus sp. treated with vancomycin was evaluated through serum concentrations of vancomycin, serum bactericidal titers (SBT), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). METHOD: Vancomycin serum concentrations were determined by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique , SBT by the macro-broth dilution method, and MIC by diffusion test in agar . RESULTS: Thirteen newborn infants (59.1%) had adequate peak vancomycin serum concentrations (20--40 mg/mL) and one had peak concentration with potential ototoxicity risk (>40 µg/mL). Only 48% had adequate trough concentrations (5--10 mg/mL), and seven (28%) had a potential nephrotoxicity risk (>10 µg/mL). There was no significant agreement regarding normality for peak and trough vancomycin method (McNemar test : p = 0.7905). Peak serum vancomycin concentrations were compared with the clinical evaluation (good or bad clinical evolution) of the infants, with no significant difference found (U=51.5; p=0.1947). There was also no significant difference between the patients' trough concentrations and good or bad clinical evolution (U = 77.0; p=0.1710). All Staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin according to the MIC. Half of the patients with adequate trough SBT (1/8), also had adequate trough vancomycin concentrations and satisfactory clinical evolution. CONCLUSIONS: Recommended vancomycin schedules for term newborn infants with neonatal sepsis should be based on the weight and postconceptual age only to start antimicrobial therapy. There is no ideal pattern of vancomycin dosing; vancomycin dosages must be individualized. SBT interpretation should be made in conjunction with the patient's clinical presentation and vancomycin serum concentrations. Those laboratory and clinical data favor elucidation of the probable cause of patient's bad evolution, which would facilitate drug adjustment and reduce the risk of toxicity or failing to achieve therapeutic doses.

Vancomycin monitoring in term newborns: comparison of peak and trough serum concentrations determined by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence polarization immunoassay

INTRODUCTION: Peak and trough serum concentrations of vancomycin were determined in term newborn infants with confirmed or suspected Staphylococcus sp sepsis by high performance liquid chromatography and flourescence polarization immunoassay. OBJECTIVE: To statistically compare the results of the high performance liquid chromatography and flourescence polarization immunoassay techniques for measuring serum vancomycin concentrations. METHODS: Eighteen peak and 20 trough serum samples were assayed for vancomycin concentrations using high performance liquid chromatography and flourescence polarization immunoassay from October 1995 to October 1997. RESULTS: The linear correlation coefficients for high performance liquid chromatography and flourescence polarization immunoassay were 0.27 (peak, P = 0.110) and 0.26 (trough, P = 0.1045) respectively, which were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There was wide variation in serum vancomycin concentrations determined by high performance liquid chromatography as compared with those determined by flourescence polarization immunoassay. There was no recognizable pattern in the variability; in an apparently random fashion, the high performance liquid chromatography measurement was sometimes substantially higher than the flourescence polarization immunoassay measurement, and at other times it was substantially lower.

Monitoring liquidity risk at BPI GA

Field lab: Business project

Wave4IOPT - editor e visualizador web de formas de onda – aplicação a controladores digitais especificados com modelos de Redes de Petri IOPT

Este trabalho tem o objectivo de criar um Editor e Visualizador Web de Formas de Onda para controladores digitais especificados com modelos Redes de Petri Input-Output Place-Transition (IOPT). Após uma análise das ferramentas existentes e constatando-se a inexistência de uma ferramenta adequada a essa função, desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta denominada Wave4IOPT, que permite a visualização das formas de onda de sinais e eventos de entrada e de saída ao longo do tempo. A ferramenta permite também a visualização dos resultados do histórico de uma simulação de uma Rede de Petri IOPT, proveniente do Simulador das IOPT-Tools. Esta ferramenta incorpora funcionalidades de edição, modos de visualização e um módulo básico de identificação e correcção de erros dos valores das formas de onda. O Wave4IOPT está disponível a partir de um browser e prevê-se que venha a estar integrado no ambiente de ferramentas IOPT-Tools. Esta ferramenta foi construída utilizando tecnologias Web como HTML, JavaScript, CSS, SVG e JSON. Adicionalmente, o Wave4IOPT poderá também servir para a edição, visualização e análise de outros tipos de sinais digitais, desde que sejam preenchidos os requisitos da estrutura do ficheiro JSON que será lido pela ferramenta.

Graph usage in annual reports, evidence from Norwegian listed companies

As investors and other users of annual reports often focus their attention on graphs, it is important that they portray accurate and reliable information. However, previous studies show that graphs often distort information and mislead users. This study analyses graph usage in annual reports from the 52 most traded Norwegian companies. The findings suggest that Norwegian companies commonly use graphs, and that the graph distortions, presentational enhancement and measurement distortion, are present. No evidence of selectivity was found. This study recommends development of guidelines for graphical disclosure, and advises preparers and users of annual reports to be aware of misleading graphs.

A new credit monitoring framework for agents' networks

The purpose of this work is to develop a practicable approach for Telecom firms to manage the credit risk exposition to their commercial agents’ network. Particularly it will try to approach the problem of credit concession to clients’ from a corporation perspective and explore the particular scenario of agents that are part of the commercial chain of the corporation and therefore are not end-users. The agents’ network that served as a model for the presented study is composed by companies that, at the same time, are both clients and suppliers of the Telecommunication Company. In that sense the credit exposition analysis must took into consideration all financial fluxes, both inbound and outbound. The current strain on the Financial Sector in Portugal, and other peripheral European economies, combined with the high leverage situation of most companies, generates an environment prone to credit default risk. Due to these circumstances managing credit risk exposure is becoming increasingly a critical function for every company Financial Department. The approach designed in the current study combined two traditional risk monitoring tools: credit risk scoring and credit limitation policies. The objective was to design a new credit monitoring framework that is more flexible, uses both external and internal relationship history to assess risk and takes into consideration commercial objectives inside the agents’ network. Although not explored at length, the blueprint of a Credit Governance model was created for implementing the new credit monitoring framework inside the telecom firm. The Telecom Company that served as a model for the present work decided to implement the new Credit Monitoring framework after this was presented to its Executive Commission.

How to reduce the causes of call center contact by implementing web self-service at Sonae MC?

This project aims to provide feasible solutions to improve customer´s Help Area at Continente Online. The goal is to increase satisfaction and loyalty by reducing the main causes that lead customers to appeal to Call Center or abandon the website. The pursued solution is the implementation of Web Self-Service and the vision taken is focused not only on providing customers basic help tools but also innovate with international best practices to sustain Sonae MC´s present and future market leader position. Customer´s feedback, costs and impact are taken in consideration to find the best fit for the company.

Text mining e twitter : o poder das redes sociais num mercado competitivo

Actualmente, com a massificação da utilização das redes sociais, as empresas passam a sua mensagem nos seus canais de comunicação, mas os consumidores dão a sua opinião sobre ela. Argumentam, opinam, criticam (Nardi, Schiano, Gumbrecht, & Swartz, 2004). Positiva ou negativamente. Neste contexto o Text Mining surge como uma abordagem interessante para a resposta à necessidade de obter conhecimento a partir dos dados existentes. Neste trabalho utilizámos um algoritmo de Clustering hierárquico com o objectivo de descobrir temas distintos num conjunto de tweets obtidos ao longo de um determinado período de tempo para as empresas Burger King e McDonald’s. Com o intuito de compreender o sentimento associado a estes temas foi feita uma análise de sentimentos a cada tema encontrado, utilizando um algoritmo Bag-of-Words. Concluiu-se que o algoritmo de Clustering foi capaz de encontrar temas através do tweets obtidos, essencialmente ligados a produtos e serviços comercializados pelas empresas. O algoritmo de Sentiment Analysis atribuiu um sentimento a esses temas, permitindo compreender de entre os produtos/serviços identificados quais os que obtiveram uma polaridade positiva ou negativa, e deste modo sinalizar potencias situações problemáticas na estratégia das empresas, e situações positivas passíveis de identificação de decisões operacionais bem-sucedidas.

Saúde em Portugal : estudo das urgências hospitalares através do Data Mining

Qualquer assunto relacionado com a saúde é sempre um tema sensível, pela importância que tem junto da população, já que interage diretamente com o bem-estar das pessoas e, essencialmente, com a sensação de segurança que as estas pretendem ter na prestação dos cuidados básicos de saúde. Dados estatísticos mostram que a população está cada vez mais envelhecida, reforçando a importância da existência de bons centros hospitalares e de um bom Sistema Nacional de Saúde (SNS) (Plano Nacional de Saúde, 2010). Em Portugal, caso os pacientes necessitem de cuidados mais urgentes, podem recorrer ao Serviço de Urgências disponibilizado para toda a população através do SNS. No entanto, a gestão e planeamento deste serviço é complexa, dado este serviço ser frequentemente utilizado por pacientes que não necessitam de cuidados urgentes, levando a que os hospitais deixem de conseguir dar a resposta esperada, implicando a prestação por vezes um serviço de menor qualidade. Neste sentido, analisaram-se dados de um hospital do norte do país com o intuito de perceber o ponto de situação das urgências, de forma a encontrar padrões relevantes através da análise de clusters e de regras de associação. Começando pela análise de clusters, utilizaram-se apenas as variáveis que foram consideradas importantes para o problema, resultando da análise final 3 clusters. O primeiro cluster é constituído por elementos do sexo masculino de todas as idades, o segundo cluster por elementos do sexo masculino mais jovens e por elementos do sexo feminino até aos 60 anos e o terceiro cluster apenas por elementos do sexo feminino a partir dos 40 anos. No final verificaram-se muitas semelhanças entre os clusters 1 e 3, pois ambos continham os pacientes mais idosos, havendo um padrão comum no seu comportamento. No ano 2012 não houve registo de nenhuma epidemia, não havendo por isso nenhuma doença que se destacasse comparativamente às restantes. Concluiu-se também que na maior parte dos casos houve a necessidade de uma intervenção urgente (pulseira de cor Amarela), no entanto a maioria dos pacientes observados conseguiu regressar às suas habitações após as consultas nas Urgências Hospitalares, sem intervenções médicas adicionais. Relativamente às regras de associação, houve a necessidade de transformar e eliminar algumas variáveis que enviesassem o estudo. Após o processo da criação das regras de associação, percebeu-se que as regras eram muito similares entre si, apresentando uma maior confiança nas variáveis que apareceram em maior número (“Pacientes com pulseira de cor Amarela”, “distrito do Porto” ou “Alta Médica para a Residência”).

Assessment of NDVI, land surface temperature and precipitation anomalies for drought monitoring in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia

During the last decade Mongolia’s region was characterized by a rapid increase of both severity and frequency of drought events, leading to pasture reduction. Drought monitoring and assessment plays an important role in the region’s early warning systems as a way to mitigate the negative impacts in social, economic and environmental sectors. Nowadays it is possible to access information related to the hydrologic cycle through remote sensing, which provides a continuous monitoring of variables over very large areas where the weather stations are sparse. The present thesis aimed to explore the possibility of using NDVI as a potential drought indicator by studying anomaly patterns and correlations with other two climate variables, LST and precipitation. The study covered the growing season (March to September) of a fifteen year period, between 2000 and 2014, for Bayankhongor province in southwest Mongolia. The datasets used were MODIS NDVI, LST and TRMM Precipitation, which processing and analysis was supported by QGIS software and Python programming language. Monthly anomaly correlations between NDVI-LST and NDVI-Precipitation were generated as well as temporal correlations for the growing season for known drought years (2001, 2002 and 2009). The results show that the three variables follow a seasonal pattern expected for a northern hemisphere region, with occurrence of the rainy season in the summer months. The values of both NDVI and precipitation are remarkably low while LST values are high, which is explained by the region’s climate and ecosystems. The NDVI average, generally, reached higher values with high precipitation values and low LST values. The year of 2001 was the driest year of the time-series, while 2003 was the wet year with healthier vegetation. Monthly correlations registered weak results with low significance, with exception of NDVI-LST and NDVI-Precipitation correlations for June, July and August of 2002. The temporal correlations for the growing season also revealed weak results. The overall relationship between the variables anomalies showed weak correlation results with low significance, which suggests that an accurate answer for predicting drought using the relation between NDVI, LST and Precipitation cannot be given. Additional research should take place in order to achieve more conclusive results. However the NDVI anomaly images show that NDVI is a suitable drought index for Bayankhongor province.

Self-monitoring of freeze–thaw damage using triphasic electric conductive concrete

The effect of freeze–thaw cycles on concrete is of great importance for durability evaluation of concrete structures in cold regions. In this paper, damage accumulation was studied by following the fractional change of impedance (FCI) with number of freeze–thaw cycles (N). The nano-carbon black (NCB), carbon fiber (CF) and steel fiber (SF) were added to plain concrete to produce the triphasic electrical conductive (TEC) and ductile concrete. The effects of NCB, CF and SF on the compressive strength, flexural properties, electrical impedance were investigated. The concrete beams with different dosages of conductive materials were studied for FCI, N and mass loss (ML), the relationship between FCI and N of conductive concrete can be well defined by a first order exponential decay curve. It is noted that this nondestructive and sensitive real-time testing method is meaningful for evaluating of freeze–thaw damage in concrete.

Continuous monitoring of concrete mechanical properties since an early age to support construction phasing

The assessment of concrete mechanical properties during construction of concrete structures is of paramount importance for many intrinsic operations. However many of the available non-destructive methods for mechanical properties have limitations for use in construction sites. One of such methodologies is EMM-ARM, which is a variant of classic resonant frequency methods. This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about concrete mechanical properties such as E-modulus and compressive strength. To achieve the aforementioned objective, a set of adaptations to the method have been successfully implemented and tested: (i) the reduction of the beam span; (ii) the use of a different mould material and (iii) a new support system for the beams. Based on these adaptations, a reusable mould was designed to enable easier systematic use of EMMARM. A pilot test was successfully performed under in-situ conditions during a bridge construction.