Mecanismos envolvendo receptores opióides μ do núcleo parabraquial lateral no controle da ingestão de água e sódio

No sistema nervoso central (SNC), mecanismos excitatórios e inibitórios atuam para controlar a ingestão de água e sódio. Importantes mecanismos inibitórios da ingestão de água e sódio foram recentemente descobertos no núcleo parabraquial lateral (NPBL). Um papel importante do NPBL seria integrar as informações ascendentes da porção medial do núcleo do trato solitário (NTSm) e da área postrema (AP) que por sua vez poderiam influenciar a atividade das áreas prosencefálicas envolvidas no controle do balanço hidroeletrolítico, como núcleos específicos do hipotálamo e amígdala. Estudos prévios sugerem a presença de um importante mecanismo serotonérgico inibitório da ingestão de água e sódio no NPBL. Além do mecanismo serotonérgico também já foi demonstrado no NPBL a existência de um mecanismo colecistocinérgico que também exerce um papel inibitório sobre a ingestão de água e sódio. Em um estudo anterior em que se injetou um agonista e um antagonista inespecíficos de receptores opióides (β-endorfina e naloxona, respectivamente) no NPBL foi demonstrado que mecanismos opióides no NPBL podem modular o mecanismo inibitório da ingestão de água e sódio, porém não se sabia qual ou quais dos três subtipos de receptores opióides (μ, δ ou κ) estariam envolvidos nesse mecanismo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Caracterização dos receptores opióides do núcleo parabraquial lateral envolvidos no controle da ingestão de água e sódio

Nosso organismo constantemente perde água e eletrólitos para o meio ambiente, principalmente pela excreção urinária.Porém, a osmolaridade e o volume de líquidos do organismo devem permanecer dentro de uma pequena faixa de variação para que nossas células funcionem perfeitamente e haja manutenção da pressão arterial. A regulação da osmolaridade e do volume dos líquidos corporais exige que a entrada de água e eletrólitos seja igual à perda pelo corpo e, para tanto, a regulação envolve a ação integrada dos rins e do comportamento de ingestão de água e sódio que é o principal íon extracelular. A ingestão de água e sódio é regulada por mecanismos centrais excitatórios e inibitórios. Os mecanismos excitatórios que desencadeiam a ingestão de água e sódio são ativados principalmente pelo peptídeo angiotensina II (ANG II), cuja produção apresenta-se aumentada em situações de hipovolemia e hipotensão. Por outro lado, destacam-se importantes mecanismos inibitórios da ingestão de água e sódio descobertos recentemente no núcleo parabraquial lateral (NPBL). O NPBL é uma estrutura pontina que recebe projeções aferentes da área postrema (AP) e da porção medial do núcleo do trato solitário (NTSm) e que faz conexões com áreas prosencefálicas envolvidas no controle do balanço hidroeletrolítico. Estudos prévios mostraram que injeções bilaterais do agonista opióide inespecífico β-endorfina no NPBL induziram ingestão de água e sódio em ratos saciados e aumentaram a ingestão de água e sódio induzida pelo tratamento com o diurético furosemida (FURO) combinado com baixas doses do bloqueador da enzima conversora de angiotensina captopril (CAP) injetados subcutaneamente (sc)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Geologia do depósito de ouro do alvo guarda-mor, na sequência Jaupaci (Israelândia - GO)

The study area of the Guarda-Mor target (Israelândia-GO) contextualizes the terrains of the estaern portion of the Arenópolis Magmatic Arc, more accurately, the Neoproterozoic associations inserted in the field of the Jaupaci volcano-sedimentary sequence. The mapped area is located in the central-western of Goiás state. The presente paper has as main objective to characterize the structural, petrographic and litogeochemistry of the target rocks beyond to compare these factors with the Mina Bacilândia rocks (Fazenda Nova-GO) in order to assess the genetic similarity of volcano-sedimentary units and deposits associated. The Guarda-Mor target is represented by the Jaupaci metavolcanic rocks sequence presenting bimodal volcanism. This sequence consists in metafelsic rocks like sericite/muscovite quartz schist, phyllite and metarriolites and/or metariodacites with calc-alkaline geochemical signature and metamafic rocks with tholeiitic character formed by actinolite - chlorite schist and chlorite - quartz schist. Besides the package of supracrustal rocks also can be observed the occurrence of a local intrusion syn- to late - tectonic named Granito Subvulcânico. In the study area beyond the marked volcanism also seen an event of crustal melting granitogênese evidenced by the presence of 2 granites at the east and the west of the map, Granito Israelândia and Granito Iporá respectively. Structural analysis both at the macro and micro have identified 3 deformation phases. The types of rock on the region record features in the metamorphic facies top and down. These features were subdivided into 3 metamorphic areas: the east and West areas show thermal metamorphism due to intrusion of adjacente granites while the central domain displays features of regional metamorphism. Gold mineralization of the Guarda –Mor deposit target suggests a possible structural control beyond pronounced the hydrothermal alteration. The mineralization may also be...

Diagnóstico ambiental das nascentes do Córrego dos Macacos – município de Álvares Machado/SP

Environmental diagnosis fits in analysis social-spatial organization insofar it contributes to understanding past and present aspects of how a territory works as well as enables the creation of statements for future ordainment. In this context, the present study aims at contributing with data for creating recovery and environmental preservation projects for the basin of Macacos‟ stream‟s headwaters, located in the north of Álvares Machado county in São Paulo state. To achieve this purpose, the main characteristics and existing uses in the basin have been analyzed and its main environmental problems were identified in the data and information collected in journals, field work and interviews with dwellers from the interested area and local government authorities. On this way, a diagnosis of the environmental state of the studied area was performed considering its specific issues regarding the natural and physical process as well as human influences. From the analysis carried out it was possible to identify environmental impacts on different levels resulting from the conflictuous relation between uses and occupations and the natural dynamics of the studied basin.

Análise de variáveis eletromiográficas e cinemáticas em protocolo incremental de corrida na esteira

Muscle fatigue is described as a cause of injuries among the many related to the running practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the amplitude (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of EMG signal of the iliocostalis (CI), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) biceps femoris (long head) (BFCL), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (lateral) (LNG) from the right lower limb, and the behavior of the parameters of amplitude (AP) and frequency (PF) spent in different percentages of the maximum speed during incremental protocol of treadmill running. 10 volunteers participated in this study, athletes, male, aged between 18 and 30 years with no history of injury in lower limbs and similar anthropometry. The protocol consisted of a treadmill test with initial velocity of 10 km.h-¹ and increments of 1 km.h-¹ each three minutes until volitional exhaustion, without rest interval. Synchronized collections were made of electromyographic and kinematic data. The signals were obtained through an acquisition module of biological signals (Telemyo 900 - Noraxon - USA) and software (Myoresearch - Noraxon - USA) calibrated with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, gain 2000 times. The raw data were filtered with a 60Hz notch filter, high pass and low pass 20Hz to 500Hz. To capture the image was used a digital video recorder (model NV-GS320, PANASONIC brand), and for image scanning and kinematic data collection was used the software Peak Motus 9.0 (ViconPeak). To obtain the values of RMS and FM analyzed the last ten passes of each speed through a specific routine (Matlab). To obtain these variables AP (m) and FP (stride I min) were analyzed for the last ten past each speed, using specific software (Peak Motus 9.0). After verification of data normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homogeneity of the data (Levene), the comparison ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Caracterização mineralógica, petrológica e química da sulfetação nos reef's da mina Canavieiras, Jacobina, Bahia

In the Serra de Jacobina, localized in the North Central portion of the state of Bahia, occours the Jacobina Group. It’s a sedimentary basin and the gold deposit is stocked on the basal portion, which consist on quartzites intercalated with oligomítico metaconglomerates of Serra do Córrego Formation. There are controversies about the origin of the gold mineralization, but the currently most accepted hypothesis corresponds to a paleoplacer deposit with subsequent ore remobilization and concentration by hydrothermal process. The sulphidation is one of the main results of hydrothermal process, which was more detail characterized, besides identifying if there was more than one sulfides phase generation and its relationship with gold mineralization. The analyzes were performed from the main reef's (metaconglomerates mineralized levels) of Mine Canavieiras: Maneira, Holandez, Liberino, Piritoso, MU and LU. Chemical analyzes semi-quantitative were developed with EDS in MEV and also petrographics analyses. The main sulfide is pyrite, followed by chalcopyrite. Six groups of pyrite were classified according with chemical composition, however they show similarities in their habit and occurrence. Were identified four types of chlorite, labeled A, B, C, D. Gold occurs in free form, associate to pyrites, to Fe-Ti-Muscovite, to chlorite type B and to microfractures with iron hydroxide. Gold presents three different compositions: pure, with Ag or associated with U-Zr. The results of chemical analysis showed that the hydrothermal process have as their main source, ultramafic rocks present in the Jacobina Basin

Anatomia floral de espécies de Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae (Orchidaceae, Asparagales)

Bulbophyllum, which comprises 1876 species, is considered the second largest genus of angiosperms, with a pantropical distribution. The morphological and anatomical floral studies in the genus are incipient, with data restricted to the gynostemium and lip of some species. Based on molecular data, six sections were recognized within Bulbophyllum at the Neotropics, amongst them Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae, which comprises 12 species distributed in central South America. We aimed to study the floral anatomy of six species of Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae, in order to determine useful characters to differentiate them and contribute to the anatomical characterization of the section as a whole. Floral anatomy was assessed through usual techniques of light microscopy. The data found here for B. adiamantinum, B. chloroglossum, B. epiphytum, B. mentosum, B. micranthum and B. rupicolum allowed to identificate the presence of glandular trichomes and the possible presence of a secretory region on the lip, which might produce substances used as a reward to pollinators. The most significant anatomical characters to the species characterization were the shape and ornamentation of the outer periclinal walls of the epidermal cells, as well as the number of vascular bundles in dorsal and lateral sepals and at the lip. The data also allowed the differentiation between B. epiphytum and B. rupicolum, species very similar in morphology and phylogenetically related. Besides that, the data also allowed the discussion regarding the maintenance of B. mentosum within the section: although its inclusion is supported by molecular studies, the anatomical data here presented shows greater differences compared to the other species, not supporting its maintenance in Bulbophyllum sect. Micranthae

Aspectos Ecológicos da Helmintofauna de Pinguins-de-Magalhães, Spheniscus magellanicus (Aves: Spheniscidae), procedentes do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo

Com o intuito de investigar se estudos parasitológicos podem ser utilizados como ferramenta para a conservação de espécies, principalmente migratórias, este trabalho analisa a helmintofauna de Spheniscus magellanicus através de parâmetros ecológicos populacionais e da comunidade parasitária, relacionando-os com diversos aspectos de vida da espécie hospedeira. O estudo foi realizado com 237 espécimes de S. magellanicus procedentes das praias do litoral Norte de São Paulo (23°46’S, 45°57’O) ao Sul do Rio de Janeiro (23°02’S, 44°13’O). A helmintofauna desta ave incluiu o nematódeo Contracaecum pelagicum (espécie core), encontrado em estômago, o digenético Cardiocephaloides physalis e o cestódeo Tetrabothrius lutzi, ambos (espécies satélites) coletados na porção inicial do intestino delgado. Comparações utilizando o índice de diversidade de Shannon mostraram que a comunidade de parasitas em filhotes durante o período migratório é menos diversa que na estação reprodutiva. Os resultados obtidos permitem inferir que estudos parasitológicos em pingüins, assim como em outros animais migratórios, podem fornecer informações importantes a respeito da espécie durante a época em que permanecem pelágicas, tornando-se uma ferramenta útil na aquisição de informações dificilmente obtidas por outros meios, favorecendo a conservação da espécie

Clonagem, Expressão e Purificação da Proteína Telomérica LaTRF em sistema bacteriano (pMAL)

As proteínas da família TRF2 (“TTAGGG repeat-binding factor 2”) fazem parte de complexos multiprotéicos responsáveis pela manutenção dos telômeros de alguns eucariotos. Elas apresentam domínios funcionais que a caracterizam como proteínas que interagem com DNA telomérico na forma de dupla fita. São eles, o domínio de interação com o DNA do tipo Myb-like, localizado na porção C-terminal, um domínio acídico N-terminal e um domínio de homodimerização TRFH (“TRF homology domain for homodimerization”). A proteína TRF2 também está envolvida na formação de estruturas teloméricas terminais denominadas “t-loops”. O intuito deste projeto é a clonagem, expressão em vetor bacteriano (pMAL) e a purificação de uma proteína homóloga as proteínas teloméricas TRFs humana em parasitas do gênero Leishmania, especificamente a espécie Leishmania amazonensis (LaTRF). Primeiramente foram desenhados iniciadores (primers) utilizados para a amplificação da sequência LaTRF por PCR. O(s) produto(s) de amplificação foram clonados em vetores de clonagem para produtos de PCR e sequenciados para análise. Uma vez obtida a seqüência da LaTRF, o inserto contendo o gene foi subclonado direcionalmente e na mesma fase de leitura do vetor de expressão bacteriano (pMAL-c5x, NEB) para obtenção e futura purificação da proteína recombinante. Verificou-se a expressão da proteína recombinante LaTRF utilizando SDS-PAGE e “Western Blot”. Pelos resultados obtidos na análise de expressão em pequena escala da proteína recombinante, foi observado possíveis indícios de que esta esteja sendo expressa. Com isso, torna-se possível a tentativa de uma expressão em grande escala utilizando esse mesmo sistema bacteriano (pMAL) a fim de se obter a proteína purificada que poderá ser futuramente utilizada para ensaios de “pull-down” dentre outras aplicações

Utilização da ultrassonografia transcuneal como auxílio no diagnóstico da síndrome do navicular em eqüinos

The equine locomotors system alterations are very frequent and corresponds a large portion of cases in equine medicine. The most equine veterinarian’s challenge is to do a precise diagnosis of lameness cause to perform a specific and proper treatment as early as possible. The navicular syndrome is considered responsible for one third of lameness causes and, although much studied, its etiology is still not fully understood. The most varied methods of diagnosis, such as x-ray, magnetic resonance, bursography, scintigraphy, computed tomography and ultrasound, have been used to assess podotrochlear apparatus situation in order to diagnose this syndrome. Among them transcuneal ultrasound can be used to observe some important structures such as the flexor surface of distal sesamoid bone, distal deep digital flexor tendon, distal sesamoid ligament entheses odd and the distal phalanx. The aim of this present paper is provide a brief review on the use and the technique of ultrasonography on third phalanx transcuneal region evaluation and its interpretation on navicular syndrome diagnosis in horses

Mapeamento geoestatístico da permeabilidade superficial no entorno do Ribeirão Claro: e simulação da possibilidade de sua contaminação

The evaluation of soil permeability throughout the weathering profile is one of the most important features to be considered in environmental studies. This study, developed from field testing and analysis of data obtained by geostatistical methods, aims at mapping the permeability around the Ribeirão Claro river. The intent is to simulate an accident with toxic liquids where soil permeability is of fundamental importance. Another purpose of the research was to determine the minimum time that, in the event of an accident, a possible contaminant to reach the water table level and be routed to the nearest drain, in this case, the Ribeirao V Claro river constitutes fundamental information. The studied area of approximately 4 km² is located within the UNESP-Rio Claro campus, consisting of colluvial soil from Fm. Rio Claro superimposed on residual soil of Fm. Corumbataí. The method used to determine the permeability is the concentric cylinders performed on a sampling grid with 64 points containing spacing of 5 meters EW and 10 meters NS. In the places of permeability tests were collected samples for laboratory determination of the percentage of fines. From particle size analysis was performed and analysis statistical and geostatistical on this data. The histogram was based on the statistical studies, and the semivariograms were based on geostatistical estimation methods. Based on the comparison between the maps and the data obtained, it was determined that the percentage of fines in colluvial surface soil has little influence on permeability, which the proximity to the Ribeirao Claro river, the eastern portion, a factor that influences the distribution of permeability values

Modelo petrofísico 3D do Arenito Namorado no Campo de Namorado - Bacia de Campos, RJ

The Namorado Oil Field represents the beginning of the oil exploration in Brazil, in the 70s, and it is still a subject of researches because the importance of this turbidite sandstone in the brazilian oil production. The Namorado’s production level was denominated “Namorado sandstone”, it is composed by turbidite sandstone deposited during the Albian-Cenomanian. In order to define the structural geometry of the main reservoir, geological and geophysical tools like RECON and Geographix (Prizm – Seisvision) softwares were used, and its application was focused on geological facies analysis, for that propose well logs, seismic interpretation and petrophysical calculations were applied. Along this work 15 vertical wells were used and the facies reservoirs were mapped of along the oil field; it is important to mentioned that the all the facies were calibrated by the correlation rock vs log profile, and 12 reservoir-levels (NA-1, NA-2, NA-3, NA-4, NA-5, NA-6, NA-7, NA-8, NA-9, NA-10, NA-11 e NA-12) were recognized and interpreted. Stratigraphic sections (NE-SW and NW-SE) were also built based on stratigraphic well correlation of each interpreted level, and seismic interpretation (pseudo-3D seismic data) on the southeastern portion of the oil field. As results it was interpreted on two- and three-dimensional maps that the deposition reservoir’s levels are hight controlled by normal faults systems. This research also shows attribute maps interpretation and its relationship with the selection of the reservoir attribute represented on it. Finally the data integration of stratigraphic, geophysical and petrophysical calculations lets us the possibility of obtain a detail geological/petrophysical 3D model of the main reservoir levels of “Namorado sandstone” inside the oil/gás field

Corpos intrusivos básicos na coluna sedimentar Permo-Carbonífera no vale do rio Corumbataí

As rochas intrusivas básicas associadas a Formação Serra Geral na porção sul do município de Rio Claro e norte de Piracicaba configuram geometrias na forma de diques e soleiras. Estes corpos estão associados à uma parte da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná que foi deformada por eventos tectônico que resultaram em trends preferencias NW-SE, condicionando a estratigrafia, a intrusão e geometria dos corpos de diabásio e formação da estrutura domática do alto de Pitanga. Os corpos intrusivos tem em sua maioria a forma de soleiras e em menor quantidade a forma de diques. A compreensão destes corpos é importante para o entendimento da estratigrafia da área conhecida como domo de Pitanga na região de Rio e Piracicaba

Mapeamento geológico no alvo Morro do Corcunda - Greenstone Belt Pilar de Goiás (Santa Terezinha-GO)

The following work refers to a geologic mapping in the Morro do Corcunda target, located between the cities of Pilar of Goiás and Santa Terezinha in the northwest portion of the State of Goiás. This mapping was carried through in 1:10,000 scale and covers an area of approximately 60km2. Collections of samples had been carried through for laborarorial analysis, and from those twenty-three thin scetions have been produced in order to describe the main lithologies that occur in the area. It was possible to observe anomalous gold targets in the region through chip samples carried through during the stage of field work. The gathered field data and the ones that have been made available by the company Yamana Gold Incorporation were congregated, and a data integration was carried through. This integration made possible the correlation of the litologies found in field with the Greenstone Belt Pilar de Goiás sequence and the structural evolution of the area.

SIG e álgebra de mapas na elaboração de um mapa de potencial de erosão em áreas de silvicultura

Cette étude visait à générer une carte du potentiel d'érosion pour la Ferme Santa Edwirges, située à Lorena /SP. Les résultats ont etés classifiés en faible, modéré, élève et très élève potentiel d'érosion et la carte obtenue a été comparé par rapport aux autres cartes existantes pour la zone d'étude. La méthodologie proposée se basant sur une application qualitative simple L’équation Universelle de Perte de Sol (USLE ou EUPS), en considérant les parties de l'équation: érodibilité, la topographie et l'utilisation des terres. Les donnés ont etés intégrés par l'algèbre de carte dans l’environnement SIG de ArcGIS. Pour la représentation de chacune de ces parcelles, nous avons utilisé une carte des formations superficielles de la ferme, généré à partir d'une ré-interprétation de la carte géologique, une carte de la pente et une carte d'utilisation des terres, attribuant un poids d’important pour chaque catégorie de ces cartes dans le processus d'érosion et dans l'algèbre proposée. Les résultats obtenus sont compatibles avec les zones identifiées comme les plus critiques sur terrain. La ferme a été identifiée comme de potentiel d'érosion modérée et la partie sud de la ferme le plus critique, suivi du groupe conduit par la zone de cisaillement, par contre les plaines proches des rivières ont eté identifié comme la zone plus stable avec moins de potentiel d'érosionDe la comparaison des résultats de ce travail et d'autres qui ont fait antérieurement dans la zone d’intéresse, qui ont utilisé les paramètres géotechniques dans la représentation de l'érosivité des sols, nous avons pu voir des résultats similaires, en particulier dans les zones à potentiel élevé et faible pour l'érosion. De la discussion et analyse des résultats, la méthodologie proposée à eté validée