Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 673 - Forschungsprojekte über Antisemitismus, Vorurteil, Autorität: Einzeluntersuchungen (p. IX 139 - IX 140.1-14)

Assignements. Anweisungen zu Einzeluntersuchungen des Antisemitismus-Projekts, 1943 und ohne Datum, 15 Blatt; Zum 'Berkeley Projekt on Antisemitism', 1944-1946; Sitzungsprotokolle und Memoranden der 'Los Angeles Branch of the Berkeley Research Project on Social Discrimination', 19.03.1946 - 11.04.1946, Typoskript, 11 Blatt; Frenkel-Brunswik, Else: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, ohne Ort, 10.01.1944, 6 Blatt; Interview- und Testprotokolle, Typoskript, 33 Blatt; Horkheimer, Max: 1 Brief an Theodor W. Adorno, ohne Ort, 11.10.1945, 5 Blatt; "Traits of the Authoritatian Character", a) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; b) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; c) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen und Ergänzungen, von Max Horkheimer, 2 Blatt; "Hypothese concerning indirect questions of Berkeley Questionaire". Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 4 Blatt; Frenkel-Brunswik, Else; Sanford, R. Nevitt: "Some Personality Factors in Anti-Semitism", Sonderdruck aus: The Journal of Psychology, 1945, 20, S. 271-291; Levison, Daniel J.; Sanford, R. Nevitt: "A Scale for the Measurement of Anti-Semitism", Sonderdrucke aus: The Journal of Psychology, 1944,17, S.339-370; "'Unconscious' Facism", Excerpt aus: Propaganda Analysis, No. 7, L938, Typoskript 1 Blatt; Löwenthal, Leo: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, New York, 31.05.1945; Deutsch, Monroe E.: 2 Briefe mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, Berkeley, 1945; 4 Briefe und Beantwortung von Max Horkheimer, Pacific Palisades, 1945; Lundberg, O.: 5 Briefe von Max Horkheimer, Pacific Palisades, 1945-1946; Sanfort, Nevitt: 1 Brief von Samuel H. Flowerman, ohne Ort, 14.06.1947; Statement for Berkeley Public Opinio Study Group Accounts, 19 Blatt;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 704 - Gruppenexperiment (p. IX 175.1-50)

Materialien zum Studienbericht "Gruppenexperiment" teilweise veröffentlicht als Frankfurter Beiträge zur Soziologie, Band 2, Frankfurt am Main, 1955; 1.-6.a Allgemeines zum und aus den Gruppenexperiment; 1. "Idee und Technik des Gruppenexperiments. Ausbau der Methode.". Typoskript, 8 Blatt; 2. Einführungstext des Gruppenleiters und Text des 'Grundreizes': "Brief von Colburn"; a) Typoskript, 5 Blatt; b) Zweite Fassung, Typoskript, 3 Blatt; c) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 3 Blatt; 3. "Entwurf von Äußerungen des 'planted observer' zur Schallplatte". Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 4. "Entwurf einer Liste von Kernargumenten für das gelenkte Gruppeninterview". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 12 Blatt; 5. Institut für Sozialforschung: "Texte aus den Diskussionen einer im Winter 1950/51 durchgeführten Studie über 'Verhalten und Meinungen charakteristischer Gruppen der westdeutschen Bevölkerung zu weltanschaulichen und politischen Fragen'". Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 39 Blatt; 6. "Entwurf. Bemerkungen zu drei weiteren Gruppenexperimenten mit zwei nicht homogenen und einer zweiten homogenen Gruppe". Typoskript, 8 Blatt; 6.a Böhm, Franz: "Geleitwort", [veröffentlicht in: "Gruppenexperiment"]. Typoskript, 9 Blatt; 7.-40. Monographien zur qualitativen nd quantitativen Analyse der Gruppendiskussion; 7. "Monographs on the Group Study of the Frankfurter Institut für Sozialforschung", 31.03.1952. Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; 8. Osmer, Diedrich: "Das Gruppenexperiment des Instituts für Sozialforschung". Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 2 Blatt; 9.-11. Beiträge von Gerhard Schmidtchen; 9. "Ergebnisse der Studie über die quantitative Erfassung des Diskussionsmaterials". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 2 Blatt; 10. "Die quantitative Verarbeitung des Diskussionsmaterials und deren Ergebnisse", a) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 11 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 11 Blatt; 11. "Quotes", Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 12. Helmut Beyer und Volker von Hagen: "Einige Ergebnisse der Studie über die Struktur der Diskussion", a) Typoskript, 3 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 13. Volker von Hagen: "Ergebnisse der Untersuchung über die Struktur der Diskussion", 2.5.1953. Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 14.-16. Beiträge von Heinz Maus.; 14. "Einstellung zur Demokratie", a) Typoskript, 13 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 13 Blatt; 15. "Thesen über Einstellung zur Demokratie". Typoskript, 1 Blatt; 16. "Quotes". Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 17. "Thesen zum Thema: 'Stellungnahme zur Remilitarisierung'", a) Typoskript, 5 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 18. "Ergebnisse der Untersuchung über Äußerungen zur Remilitarisierung". Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 19. "Zur Remilitarisierung", a) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 9 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 9 Blatt; 20. Auszug aus Emnid-Informationen vom 5.1.1951 "Westdeutsche Öffentlichkeit zeigt wenig Neigung zur Wiederbewaffnung". Typoskript, 6 Blatt; 21. Formulierungsvorschläge des Parlamentarischen Ausschusses für eine Wiederbewaffnungsumfrage, als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 1 Blatt; 22. Peter von Haselberg: "Bemerkungen zu der Monographie 'Schuld und Abwehr'", a) Typoskript, 7 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 7 Blatt; 23. Peter von Haselberg: "Ergebnisse der Untersuchung über 'Schuld und Abwehr'", Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 24.-28. Beiträge von Rainer Köhne; 24. "Erkenntnistheoretisches Bewußtsein bei den Versuchspersonen". Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 40 Blatt; 25. "Intention und Ausdruck". Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 29 Blatt; 26. "Einige Thesen und Beispiele aus der Sprachstudie". Typoskript, 17 Blatt; 27. "Thesen aus der Sprachstudie" (teilweise identisch mit 26.). Typoskript, 17 Blatt; 28. "Quotes". Typoskript, 2 Blatt; 29.-36. Beiträge von Hermann Schweppenhäuser; 29. "Ursprungssphähren. Notizen zur Einleitung". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 8 Blatt; 30. "Militarismus". Typoskript, 23 Blatt; 31. "Nazipropaganda". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 75 Blatt; 32. "Technik", a) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 11 Blatt, b) "Technik, Kommerz, Jargon, Presse, Rundfunk, Halbbildung", Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 36 Blatt; 33. "Sprachliche Verhaltensweisen". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 40 Blatt; 34. "Einige Thesen und Beispiele aus der Sprachstudie". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 9 Blatt; 35. "Einige Thesen und Beispiele aus der Sprachstudie". Typoskript, 7 Blatt; 36. "Zitate aus der Gruppenstudie über Demokratie". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen und Ergänzungen, 2 Blatt; 37. - 39. Beiträge von Hans Sittenfeld; 37. "Quantitative Ergebnisse". Typoskript, 10 Blatt; 38. "Ergebnisse der Auszählung nach Gruppen als statistischen Einheiten". Typoskript, 17 Blatt; 39. "Quantitative Ergebnisse", Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 4 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 40. Jutta Thomae: "Erfahrungen bei der Zusammenstellung von Diskussionsgruppen". Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 41. - 42. Memoranden; 41. "Memorandum re: Stand der Gruppenstudie", 6.10.1952. Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 42. Hans Sittenfeld: "Memorandum re: Comments on the Group Studies of the Institute for Social Research at the University of Frankfurt, Germany", 26.3.1952. Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 43. - 50. Sonstige Unterlagen; 43. Über das 'Menschliche', Trauer, Narzißmus, eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; 44. Über amerikanische Forschung und deutsche (Juden- ?)Verfolgungen, eigenhändige Notiz von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; 45. Fragebogen einer amerikanischen Meinungsumfrage, als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 7 Blatt; 46. Fragebogen einer amerikanischen Meinungsumfrage, als Typoskript vervielfältigt mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 6 Blatt; 47. Friedrich Pollock: handschriftliche Liste der Empfänger von Rezensionsexemplaren der "Gruppenstudie", 1 Blatt; 48. N.N.: handschriftliche Abschrift von Zitaten zur Umfragetechnik, 2 Blatt; 49. "Das Meßbare und das Unmeßbare an Herrn X", Zeitungsbericht über die Umfragen des Instituts für Sozialforschung, 27. 1. 1953, 1 Blatt; 50. Franz Böhm: "Eine deutsche Aufgabe. Offener Brief an die Antisemiten unter uns", Zeitungsdruck aus: Die Gegenwart, 1.11.1950, 1 Blatt;

Clinical decisions related to CBC screening of asymptomatic full-term infants at risk for group B streptococcus disease

Objective. Although complete blood count (CBC) changes occur with the development of clinical sepsis in newborns, the CBC has not been reported to be a sensitive predictor of sepsis in asymptomatic full-term newborn infants, nor has it been reported to be related to risk factors for sepsis or clinical decisions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the WBC/I:T (immature:total neutrophil) ratio and maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) risk factors (rupture of membranes ≥18 hours, maternal temperature ≥100.4°F, maternal age ≤20 years, previous infant with invasive GBS disease, maternal GBS bacteriuria, and black ethnicity); and to evaluate the relationship between the WBC/I:T ratios and providers' clinical decisions (observe versus repeat the CBC or complete sepsis evaluation) in the asymptomatic full-term newborn at risk for early-onset GBS sepsis. ^ Methods. Medical records of infants admitted to the well baby nursery at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Houston, TX between 1/1/99 and 12/31/00 whose gestational ages were ≥35 weeks; who had mothers with GBS positive or unknown culture status and inadequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis; and who had screening CBCs performed in the first 30 hours of life because of GBS risk were reviewed (n = 412). Demographic information, maternal GBS risk factors, CBC results, clinical decisions, and rationales for clinical decisions were collected. ^ Results. With the exception of black ethnicity (p = .0000, odds ratio = 0.213), no statistically significant differences in risk factors between infants with normal and abnormal WBC counts or normal and abnormal I:T ratios were found. Infants with abnormal WBCs had a significantly higher likelihood of having a CBC repeated (p = 0.002 for WBC). Providers documented the CBC result in the rationale for clinical decisions in 62% of the cases. ^ Conclusion. The CBC results were not related to maternal risk factors for GBS except for ethnicity. Black infants had significantly lower WBC levels than infants of other ethnicities, although this difference was clinically insignificant. Infants with abnormal WBCs had a significantly higher likelihood of undergoing repeat CBCs but not sepsis evaluations. Provider rationale was difficult to evaluate due to insufficient documentation. The screening CBC result did not impact the clinicians' decisions to initiate sepsis evaluations in this population. ^

Alpha C protein of group B Streptococcus as a potential vaccine candidate

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of life-threatening infection in neonates and young infants, pregnant women, and non-pregnant adults with underlying medical conditions. Immunization has theoretical potential to prevent significant morbidity and mortality from GBS disease. Alpha C protein (α C), found in 70% of non-type III capsule polysaccharide group B Streptococcus, elicits antibodies protective against α C-expressing strains in experimental animals and is an appealing carrier for a GBS conjugate vaccine. We determined whether natural exposure to α C elicits antibodies in women and if high maternal α C-specific serum antibody at delivery is associated with protection against neonatal disease. An ELISA was designed to measure α C-specific IgM and IgG in human sera. A case-control design (1:3 ratio) was used to match α C-expressing GBS colonized and non-colonized women by age and compare quantified serum α C-specific IgM and IgG. Sera also were analyzed from bacteremic neonates and their mothers and from women with invasive GBS disease. Antibody concentrations were compared using t-tests on log-transformed data. Geometric mean concentrations of α C-specific IgM and IgG were similar in sera from 58 α C strain colonized and 174 age-matched non-colonized women (IgG 245 and 313 ng/ml; IgM 257 and 229 ng/ml, respectively). Delivery sera from mothers of 42 neonates with GBS α C sepsis had similar concentrations of α C-specific IgM (245 ng/ml) and IgG (371 ng/ml), but acute sera from 13 women with invasive α C-expressing GBS infection had significantly higher concentrations (IgM 383 and IgG 476 ng/ml [p=0.036 and 0.038, respectively]). Convalescent sera from 5 of these women 16-49 days later had high α C-specific IgM and IgG concentrations (1355 and 4173 ng/ml, respectively). In vitro killing of α C-expressing GBS correlated with total α C-specific antibody concentration. Invasive disease but not colonization elicits α C-specific IgM and IgG in adults. Whether α C-specific IgG induced by vaccine would protect against disease in neonates merits further investigation. ^

Emotional intimacy predicts condom use: Findings in a group at high STD risk

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. The study was a gonorrhea case-comparison ('Cases and Places') study with the samples being drawn from the public health clinics (cases) and select bars/nightclubs (places) of Houston, TX (N=215). Data were collected by questionnaires administered on a laptop computer. The majority of respondents were African-American (97.7%), female (69.3%) and either had high school or GED education (72.6%). Condom use with last sexual partner was analyzed along with intimacy with that partner assessed on a 3-point scale. Analysis showed that higher intimacy was related to greater condom use which was significant in males (χ2=7.85, p=.00) but not females (χ2=1.46, p=.15). These data were opposite to previous studies which showed an inverse relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. We hypothesize that in a high-risk environment, people make more effort to protect those they feel closer to. These data suggest a need to further explore the complex relationship between emotional intimacy and condom use.^

Susceptibility to travelers' diarrhea and histo-blood group antigens

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been associated with susceptibility to enteric pathogens including noroviruses (NoVs), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter jejuni, and Vibrio cholerae. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the relationship between traveler HBGA phenotypes and susceptibility to travelers' diarrhea (TD) and post-infectious complications. 364 travelers to Guadalajara, Mexico were followed prospectively from June 1 - September 30, 2007 and from June 7–July 28, 2008 for the development of TD and at 6 months for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PIIBS). Noroviruses were detected from illness stool specimens with RT-PCR. Diarrheal stool samples were also assayed for enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative E. coli, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Vibrio species, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas species, and Plesiomonas species. Diarrheal stools were evaluated for inflammation with fecal leukocytes, mucus, and occult blood. Phenotyping for ABO and Lewis antigens with an ELISA assay and FUT2 gene PCR genotyping for secretor status were performed with saliva. 171 of 364 (47%) subjects developed TD. HBGA typing for the travelers revealed O (62.9%), A (34.6%), B (1.6%), and AB (0.8%) phenotypes. There were 7% nonsecretors and 93% secretors among the travelers. AB phenotypes were more commonly associated with Cryptosporidium species (P=0.04) and ETEC ( P=0.08) as causes of TD. AB and B phenotype individuals were more likely to experience inflammatory diarrhea, particularly mucoid diarrhea ( P=0.02). However, there were relatively few individuals with AB and B phenotypes. GI and GII NoV and Cryptosporidium species infections and PI-IBS were identified only in secretors, but these differences were not statistically significant, (P=1.00), (P=1.00), and (P=0.60), respectively. Additional studies are needed to evaluate whether AB phenotype individuals may be more susceptible to developing TD associated with Cryptosporidium species or ETEC, and whether AB and B phenotype individuals may be more likely to develop inflammatory TD. Further studies are needed to investigate whether nonsecretor travelers may be at less risk for developing infections with NoVs and Cryptosporidium species and PI-IBS.^

Design, synthesis and cellular and molecular pharmacology of 2$\sp\prime$-bromo-4$\sp\prime$-epidaunorubicin (WP401): A novel non-cross-resistant anthracycline antibiotic with the intrinsic ability to circumvent P -glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance

We designed and synthesized a novel daunorubicin (DNR) analogue that effectively circumvents P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug resistance. The fully protected carbohydrate intermediate 1,2-dibromoacosamine was prepared from acosamine and effectively coupled to daunomycinone in high yield. Deprotection under alkaline conditions yielded 2$\sp\prime$-bromo-4$\sp\prime$-epidaunorubicin (WP401). The in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular and molecular pharmacology of WP401 were compared with those of DNR in a panel of wild-type cell lines (KB-3-1, P388S, and HL60S) and their multidrug-resistant (MDR) counterparts (KB-V1, P388/DOX, and HL60/DOX). Fluorescent spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to measure intracellular accumulation, retention, and subcellular distribution of these agents. All MDR cell lines exhibited reduced DNR uptake that was restored, upon incubation with either verapamil (VER) or cyclosporin A (CSA), to the level found in sensitive cell lines. In contrast, the uptake of WP401 was essentially the same in the absence or presence of VER or CSA in all tested cell lines. The in vitro cytotoxicity of WP401 was similar to that of DNR in the sensitive cell lines but significantly higher in resistant cell lines (resistance index (RI) of 2-6 for WP401 vs 75-85 for DNR). To ascertain whether drug-mediated cytotoxicity and retention were accompanied by DNA strand breaks, DNA single- and double-strand breaks were assessed by alkaline elution. High levels of such breaks were obtained using 0.1-2 $\mu$g/mL of WP401 in both sensitive and resistant cells. In contrast, DNR caused strand breaks only in sensitive cells and not much in resistant cells. We also compared drug-induced DNA fragmentation similar to that induced by DNR. However, in P-gp-positive cells, WP401 induced 2- to 5-fold more DNA fragmentation than DNR. This increased DNA strand breakage by WP401 was correlated with its increased uptake and cytotoxicity in these cell lines. Overall these results indicate that WP401 is more cytotoxic than DNR in MDR cells and that this phenomenon might be related to the reduced basicity of the amino group and increased lipophilicity of WP401. ^

Estimation of the normal boiling point of organic compounds via group contributions

The normal boiling point is a fundamental thermo-physical property, which is important in describing the transition between the vapor and liquid phases. Reliable method which can predict it is of great importance, especially for compounds where there are no experimental data available. In this work, an improved group contribution method, which is second order method, for determination of the normal boiling point of organic compounds based on the Joback functional first order groups with some changes and added some other functional groups was developed by using experimental data for 632 organic components. It could distinguish most of structural isomerism and stereoisomerism, which including the structural, cis- and trans- isomers of organic compounds. First and second order contributions for hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms, are given. The fminsearch mathematical approach from MATLAB software is used in this study to select an optimal collection of functional groups (65 functional groups) and subsequently to develop the model. This is a direct search method that uses the simplex search method of Lagarias et al. The results of the new method are compared to the several currently used methods and are shown to be far more accurate and reliable. The average absolute deviation of normal boiling point predictions for 632 organic compounds is 4.4350 K; and the average absolute relative deviation is 1.1047 %, which is of adequate accuracy for many practical applications.

Platinum group elements and geochemistry of altered oceanic crust of ODP Hole 140-504B

Primary chemical heterogeneity in the sheeted dike complex in Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B makes these rocks unsuitable for conventional mass balance calculations in determining element mobility associated with hydrothermal alteration. Due to the original heterogeneity and variable degrees of fractionation in the dikes, an appropriate reference sample on which calculations can be based is difficult to find. Therefore, the use of incompatible element ratios is developed to evaluate geochemical changes during alteration(s). For example, on a Zr/Yb-La/Yb plot, scatter along a straight line suggests tapping of a variably depleted mantle source and deviation from the line suggests element mobility (gain or loss). Using this method, our data indicates that the hydrothermal evolution of the sheeted dike complex was accompanied by significant loss of Cu, Zn, and Ti and some loss of La. The sheeted dike complex has low platinum group element (PGE) concentrations and steep PGE patterns, typical of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) on the global scale. We propose that the unusual PGE patterns of MORBs cannot be entirely generated by a partial melting and sulfide segregation model; instead, these patterns in part must have been inherited from their mantle source. The Au data show no evidence for mobilization during hydrothermal alteration of the dikes.

Benthic foraminifers of the Barrow Group, Northwest Shelf, Australia

Micropaleontological analysis of the Barrow Group of Sites 762 and 763 has been undertaken with a view to determining the stratigraphic age and depositional environment of the unit. The stratigraphic age of the unit is Berriasian-Valanginian at both sites, in line with palynological findings. The unit is interpreted as having been deposited in a marine deltaic environment. Paleobathymetry at Site 763 (proximal) and Site 762 (distal) is interpreted as having been of the order of 100 m and 200-500 m, respectively. Paleontological evidence for the presence of deep-water submarine fans at Site 763 is lacking. The paleobathymetric significance of the observed variations in the benthic foraminiferal populations at Site 763 remains unclear.