Integração de dados geofísicos e geológicos na avaliação ambiental e epidemiológica de radiações naturais (radônio) no escudo Sul-Riograndense (RS-Brasil)

Os efeitos provocados por radiações são conhecidos na literatura por meio dos estudos em usinas nucleares e em testes bélicos. Entretanto, os efeitos da radiação natural vêm despertando a atenção das autoridades da saúde, dentre as quais se destaca a Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) nos Estados Unidos e a National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) no Reino Unido. Os efeitos epidemiológicos ocasionados por radiação de origem natural, mais especificamente a radiação emanada pelo gás radônio que fica acumulado em residências enclausuradas por muito tempo, tem sido alvo de intensas investigações. Nessa dissertação, foi realizada uma avaliação ambiental preliminar da radiação natural devida ao radônio como elemento epidemiológico no Escudo Sul-riograndense. Os dados utilizados para determinar o risco epidemiológico foram: neoplasias, radiação, geologia e população. O banco de dados dos casos de óbitos por neoplasias do estado foi obtido da Secretaria da Saúde, por meio do Núcleo de Informação em Saúde. A radiação natural devida ao radônio foi determinada a partir dos dados gamaespectrométricos obtidos de levantamento aerogeofísico da CPRM no Escudo Sul-riograndense, nos projetos Camaquã e Extremo Sudeste do Brasil realizados nos anos de 1973 e 1978, respectivamente. Os dados geológicos foram obtidos do Mapa Geológico do Estado de 1989. Os dados de população foram obtidos junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A integração de dados foi realizada usando a metodologia de matriz de sobreposição entre os dados de casos de óbitos por neoplasia e de gamaespectrometria. Os dados de população foram empregados para normalizar os dados de neoplasias, e o dado de geologia para correlacionar com a gamaespectrometria. Os resultados da integração são mapas classificados pelo grau de risco epidemiológico, nos quais é apresentada a relação entre os casos de neoplasias pela intensidade de radiação devida ao radônio. Nesse sentido, uma boa relação foi assinalada e são recomendados estudos adicionais sobre esse mesmo banco de dados.

Caracterização de microorganismos aquáticos por processamento digital de imagens e redes neurais artificiais

A identificação e o monitoramento de microorganismos aquáticos, como bactérias e microalgas, tem sido uma tarefa árdua e morosa. Técnicas convencionais, com uso de microscópios e corantes, são complexas, exigindo um grande esforço por parte dos técnicos e pesquisadores. Uma das maiores dificuldades nos processos convencionais de identificação via microscopia é o elevado número de diferentes espécies e variantes existentes nos ambientes aquáticos, muitas com semelhança de forma e textura. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a caracterização e classificação de microorganismos aquáticos (bactérias e microalgas), bem como a determinação de características cinemáticas, através do estudo da mobilidade de microalgas que possuem estruturas que permitem a natação (flagelos). Para caracterização e reconhecimento de padrões as metodologias empregadas foram: o processamento digital de imagens e redes neurais artificiais (RNA). Para a determinação da mobilidade dos microorganismos foram empregadas técnicas de velocimetria por processamento de imagens de partículas em movimento (Particle Tracking Velocimetry - PTV). O trabalho está dividido em duas partes: 1) caracterização e contagem de microalgas e bactérias aquáticas em amostras e 2) medição da velocidade de movimentação das microalgas em lâminas de microscópio. A primeira parte envolve a aquisição e processamento digital de imagens de microalgas, a partir de um microscópio ótico, sua caracterização e determinação da densidade de cada espécie contida em amostras. Por meio de um microscópio epifluorescente, foi possível, ainda, acompanhar o crescimento de bactérias aquáticas e efetuar a sua medição por operadores morfológicos. A segunda parte constitui-se na medição da velocidade de movimentação de microalgas, cujo parâmetro pode ser utilizado como um indicador para se avaliar o efeito de substâncias tóxicas ou fatores de estresse sobre as microalgas. O trabalho em desenvolvimento contribuirá para o projeto "Produção do Camarão Marinho Penaeus Paulensis no Sul do Brasil: Cultivo em estruturas Alternativas" em andamento na Estação Marinha de Aquacultura - EMA e para pesquisas no Laboratório de Ecologia do Fitoplâncton e de Microorganismos Marinhos do Departamento de Oceanografia da FURG. O trabalho propõe a utilização dos níveis de intensidade da imagem em padrão RGB e oito grandezas geométricas como características para reconhecimento de padrões das microalgas O conjunto proposto de características das microalgas, do ponto de vista de grandezas geométricas e da cor (nível de intensidade da imagem e transformadas Fourier e Radon), levou à geração de indicadores que permitiram o reconhecimento de padrões. As redes neurais artificiais desenvolvidas com topologia de rede multinível totalmente conectada, supervisionada, e com algoritmo de retropropagação, atingiram as metas de erro máximo estipuladas entre os neurônios de saída desejados e os obtidos, permitindo a caracterização das microalgas.

Normality under uncertainty

Consider the demand for a good whose consumption be chosen prior to the resolution of uncertainty regarding income. How do changes in the distribution of income affect the demand for this good? In this paper we show that normality, is sufficient to guarantee that consumption increases of the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the new distribution with respect to the old is non-decreasing in the whole domain. However, if only first order stochastic dominance is assumed more structure must be imposed on preferences to guanantee the validity of the result. Finally a converse of the first result also obtains. If the change in measure is characterized by non-decreasing Radon-Nicodyn derivative, consumption of such a good will always increase if and only if the good is normal.

Álgebras de operadores, esperança condicional e a Entropia de Connes-Stormer

Neste trabalho fazemos um breve estudo de Álgebras de Operadores, mais especificamente Álgebras-C* e Álgebras de von Neumann. O objetivo é expor alguns resultados que seriam os análogos não-comutativos de teoremas em Teoria da Medida e Teoria Rrgódica. Inicialmente, enunciamos alguns resultados de Análise Funcional e Teoria Espectral, muitos destes sendo demonstrados, com ênfase especial aos que dizem respeito µas álgebras. Com isso, dispomos das ferramentas necessárias para falarmos de alguns tópicos da então chamada Teoria da Integração Não-Comutativa. Uma desigualdade tipo Jensen é provada e, com o teorema de Radon-Nikodym para funcionais normais positivos, construimos uma esperança condicional, provando que esta possui as mesmas propriedades da esperança condicional da Teoria das Probabilidades. Dada a Esperança Condicional, objeto este que faz parte do cenário atual de pesquisa na área de Álgebra de Operadores e que está relacionado com resultados fundamentais tal como o Índice de Jones, passamos à definição da Entropia de Connes-Stormer. Finalizamos o trabalho analisando esta entropia, que é a versão para as álgebras de von Neumann da entropia Kolmogorov-Sinai em Teoria Ergódica. Provamos algumas pro- priedades que são análogas às do conceito clássico de entropia e indicamos uma aplicação da mesma. O texto não possui resultados originais, trata-se apenas de uma releitura de artigos usando versões mais recentes de alguns teoremas.

Uma proposta de slam com determinação de informações geométricas do ambiente

PEDROSA, Diogo P. F. ; MEDEIROS, Adelardo A. D. ; ALSINA, Pablo J. . Uma Proposta de SLAM com Determinação de Informações Geométricas do Ambiente. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE AUTOMÁTICA, 16, Salvador, BA, 2006. Anais... Salvador: CBA, 2006. v. 1. p. 1704-1709

Plane detection from monocular image sequences

AIRES, Kelson R. T. ; ARAÚJO, Hélder J. ; MEDEIROS, Adelardo A. D. . Plane Detection from Monocular Image Sequences. In: VISUALIZATION, IMAGING AND IMAGE PROCESSING, 2008, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Proceedings..., Palma de Mallorca: VIIP, 2008

Real-Time Visual SLAM Using Pre - Existing Floor Lines as Landmarks and a Single Camera

SANTANA, André M.; SANTIAGO, Gutemberg S.; MEDEIROS, Adelardo A. D. Real-Time Visual SLAM Using Pre-Existing Floor Lines as Landmarks and a Single Camera. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE AUTOMÁTICA, 2008, Juiz de Fora, MG. Anais... Juiz de Fora: CBA, 2008.

Proposta de método para avaliação do desempenho térmico de residências unifamiliares em clima quente e úmido

Nowadays, evaluation methods to measure thermal performance of buildings have been developed in order to improve thermal comfort in buildings and reduce the use of energy with active cooling and heating systems. However, in developed countries, the criteria used in rating systems to asses the thermal and energy performance of buildings have demonstrated some limitations when applied to naturally ventilated building in tropical climates. The present research has as its main objective to propose a method to evaluate the thermal performance of low-rise residential buildings in warm humid climates, through computational simulation. The method was developed in order to conceive a suitable rating system for the athermal performance assessment of such buildings using as criteria the indoor air temperature and a thermal comfort adaptive model. The research made use of the software VisualDOE 4.1 in two simulations runs of a base case modeled for two basic types of occupancies: living room and bedroom. In the first simulation run, sensitive analyses were made to identify the variables with the higher impact over the cases´ thermal performance. Besides that, the results also allowed the formulation of design recommendations to warm humid climates toward an improvement on the thermal performance of residential building in similar situations. The results of the second simulation run was used to identify the named Thermal Performance Spectrum (TPS) of both occupancies types, which reflect the variations on the thermal performance considering the local climate, building typology, chosen construction material and studied occupancies. This analysis generates an index named IDTR Thermal Performance Resultant Index, which was configured as a thermal performance rating system. It correlates the thermal performance with the number of hours that the indoor air temperature was on each of the six thermal comfort bands pre-defined that received weights to measure the discomfort intensity. The use of this rating system showed to be appropriated when used in one of the simulated cases, presenting advantages in relation to other evaluation methods and becoming a tool for the understanding of building thermal behavior

Qualidade do ar interior e conforto térmico : um estudo em espaços de estacionamento em Natal/RN

The recent tendency to utilize parking lots for other purposes has demonstrated that more time has been spent by visitors, mainly in great cities. Therefore, this paper investigates the thermal comfort and the air quality indoors in areas specifically used as parking lots by analyzing the direct relation between such environments and vehicular pollution. The thermal comfort and the quality of air indoors in parking lots with different architectonic typology (ground-floor and underground) are also studied, aiming to contribute to the proposition of suitable new areas designated to human usage. Field research was done, in two distinct periods within different weather conditions (January and July) in, two naturally cooled, parking lots located in Natal - RN. The internal environment agents were measured by using tools for air temperature, humidity, speed and direction; interviews with employees and visitors and chemical analysis through appropriate tools to analyze specific material, carbon monoxide and ozone. The results showed that chemical agents densely concentrate mostly in the closed parking space, aggravated by weather conditions, which dissatisfied the visitors. Still, it was shown that architectonic typology, alongside topographical aspects compromise internal environmental conditions, which increases the retention of pollution, leading to dissatisfactory thermal comfort levels and becoming less suitable for usage by visitors considering air and thermal comfort aspects. Consequently, they are not suitable for human stay due to the poor quality of the indoor air

Estudo térmico dos resíduos gerados da destilação atmosférica das misturas diesel/biodiesel de dendê

The growing world demand for energy supplied by fossil fuels, a major contributor to the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere and causing environmental problems, has been encouraging governments and international organizations to reflect and encourage the use of alternative renewable sources. Among these new possibilities deserves attention biodiesel, fuel cleaner and easy to reproduce. The study of new technologies involving that source is necessary. From this context, the paper aims at analyzing the thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis, of the waste generated from atmospheric distillation of mixtures with ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20% palm biodiesel in diesel with and without addition of BHT antioxidant. It was synthesized biodiesel through palm oil, via homogeneous catalysis in the presence of KOH, with and without the use of BHT and subsequently added to the diesel common indoor type (S1800) from a gas station BR. The diesel was already added with 5% biodiesel, and thus the proportions used for these blends were subtracted from the existing ratio in diesel fuel, resulting in the following proportions palm oil biodiesel: 0% (B5), 5% (B10), 10 % (B15) and 15% (B20). From atmospheric distillation analysis, performed in mixtures with and without BHT were collected residue generated by each sample and performed a thermal study from the thermogravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10 °C.min-1, nitrogen atmosphere and heating to 600 ° C. According to the specifications of Resolution No. 7/2008 for biodiesel, it was found that the material was synthesized in accordance with the specifications. For mixtures, it was noted that the samples were in accordance with the ANP Resolution No. 42/2009. Given the TG / DTG curves of the samples of waste mixtures with and without BHT antioxidant was able to observe that they showed a single stage of thermal decomposition attributed to decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons and esters and other heavier constituents of the waste sample weighed. The thermal behavior of residues from atmospheric distillation of mixtures of diesel / biodiesel is very important to understand how this affects the proper functioning of the engine. A large amount of waste can generate a high content of particulate material, coke formation and carbonaceous deposits in engine valves, compromising their performance

Conhecimentos sobre o corpo: uma possibilidade de intervenção pedagógica nas aulas de educação física no ensino médio

The following study aims at the main conceptions around the body and the learning through physical education classes at school. Therefore, this research mainly presents a proposal of pedagogical intervention on physical education for Ensino Médio, centered on the knowledge about the body as well as how to evaluate the impacts of such interventions on the students‟ learning process. In order to surround our field of investigation, this work elaborates the following study questions: a) What have students learned about the body in physical education classes in Ensino Médio at IFRN? b) What methodological possibilities can contribute on the experience of meaningful learning processes in physical education in Ensino Médio related to the knowledge of body aspects? Regarding to the methodology used, this ethnographic research used several instruments for data collecting like dairies, diagnostic activities, self-assessment evaluations, portfolio, filming, photographs and posts on the social network facebook. The materialization of the pedagogical intervention and all of its implications allow us to consider that the physical education classes in Ensino Médio at IFRN, campus Parnamirim have supported meaningful experiences of learning. Also they motivate relevant discussions applicable to the students‟ everyday lives once they are supported by discussions related to the influence of media about the body of teenagers, the irregular use of steroids, massaging as a possibility of body relaxation. Also, we point out that the students had the chance to experience body activities which crossed the limits of physical education classes‟ hegemony at school, such as indoor soccer, dodgeball, volleyball, basketball and handball. Thus, the students could experience body activities beyond the limits of most common sports, which started several discussions about the juvenile universe and culture. Beside the professional and personal importance of this work, we list the scientific relevance for the production of knowledge on the educational field once the number of Works about the knowledge of the body are still only a few. This study is mainly about alternative body practices. Therefore, we consider that the knowledge about the body can and must be studied not only through alternative practices, but also in different approaches which can be attributed to body running phenomenon. Finally, we believe that the discussions hereby motivated about the matter are far from being enough, so we deliver our intention in deepening this study on forthcoming researches about the knowledge of the body in the field of physical education in Ensino Médio

Mapeamento de ambientes estruturados com extração de informações geométricas através de dados sensoriais

The objective of this thesis is proposes a method for a mobile robot to build a hybrid map of an indoor, semi-structured environment. The topological part of this map deals with spatial relationships among rooms and corridors. It is a topology-based map, where the edges of the graph are rooms or corridors, and each link between two distinct edges represents a door. The metric part of the map consists in a set of parameters. These parameters describe a geometric figure which adapts to the free space of the local environment. This figure is calculated by a set of points which sample the boundaries of the local free space. These points are obtained with range sensors and with knowledge about the robot s pose. A method based on generalized Hough transform is applied to this set of points in order to obtain the geomtric figure. The building of the hybrid map is an incremental procedure. It is accomplished while the robot explores the environment. Each room is associated with a metric local map and, consequently, with an edge of the topo-logical map. During the mapping procedure, the robot may use recent metric information of the environment to improve its global or relative pose

Modelo 2,5D de predição de propagação para ambientes interiores utilizando o método do traçado de raios

A 2.5D ray-tracing propagation model is proposed to predict radio loss in indoor environment. Specifically, we opted for the Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) method, together with the Geometrieal Theory of Diffrartion (GTD). Besides the line-of-sight propagation (LOS), we consider that the radio waves may experience reflection, refraction, and diffraction (NLOS). In the Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) method, the transmitter antenna launches a bundle of rays that may or may not reach the receiver. Considering the transmitting antenna as a point, the rays will start to launch from this position and can reach the receiver either directly or after reflections, refractions, diffractions, or even after any combination of the previous effects. To model the environment, a database is built to record geometrical characteristics and information on the constituent materials of the scenario. The database works independently of the simulation program, allowing robustness and flexibility to model other seenarios. Each propagation mechanism is treated separately. In line-of-sight propagation, the main contribution to the received signal comes from the direct ray, while reflected, refracted, and diffracted signal dominate when the line-of-sight is blocked. For this case, the transmitted signal reaches the receiver through more than one path, resulting in a multipath fading. The transmitting channel of a mobile system is simulated by moving either the transmitter or the receiver around the environment. The validity of the method is verified through simulations and measurements. The computed path losses are compared with the measured values at 1.8 GHz ftequency. The results were obtained for the main corridor and room classes adjacent to it. A reasonable agreement is observed. The numerical predictions are also compared with published data at 900 MHz and 2.44 GHz frequencies showing good convergence

Desenvolvimento de um software de comunicação sem fio aplicado à instrumentação de unidade de elevação de petróleo tipo Plunger Lift

This dissertation aims to develop a software applied to a communication system for a wireless sensor network (WSN) for tracking analog and digital variables and control valve of the gas flow in artificial oil s elevation units, Plunger Lift type. The reason for this implementation is due to the fact that, in the studied plant configuration, the sensors communicate with the PLC (Programmable and Logic Controller) by the cables and pipelines, making any changes in that system, such as changing the layout of it, as well as inconveniences that arise from the nature of the site, such as the vicinity s animals presence that tend to destroy the cables for interconnection of sensors to the PLC. For software development, was used communication polling method via SMAC protocol (Simple Medium Access ControlIEEE 802.15.4 standard) in the CodeWarrior environment to which generated a firmware, loaded into the WSN s transceivers, present in the kit MC13193-EVK, (all items described above are owners of Freescale Semiconductors Inc.). The network monitoring and parameterization used in its application, was developed in LabVIEW software from National Instruments. The results were obtained through the observation of the network s behavior of sensors proposal, focusing on aspects such as: indoor and outdoor quantity of packages received and lost, general aspects of reliability in data transmission, coexistence with other types of wireless networks and power consumption under different operating conditions. The results were considered satisfactory, which showed the software efficiency in this communication system

Estudo da qualidade de serviço de uma aplicação VoIP em ambientes wireless com handoff

This work deals with experimental studies about VoIP conections into WiFi 802.11b networks with handoff. Indoor and outdoor network experiments are realised to take measurements for the QoS parameters delay, throughput, jitter and packt loss. The performance parameters are obtained through the use of software tools Ekiga, Iperf and Wimanager that assure, respectvely, VoIP conection simulation, trafic network generator and metric parameters acquisition for, throughput, jitter and packt loss. The avarage delay is obtained from the measured throughput and the concept of packt virtual transmition time. The experimental data are validated based on de QoS level for each metric parameter accepted as adequated by the specialized literature