Criação de uma base de dados destinada à formulação automática de cores para uma tinta de fachadas, aquosa e de formulação genérica, com uma gama nova de pastas corantes de base aquosa

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais

As cores das imagens: A propósito da cor na iluminura alcobacense dos séculos XIV e XV

Revista do IHA, N.3 (2007), pp.102-129

Santini ice creams: Co-Owning a tradition

The case studies the potential partnership between a small family business, rich in tradition, that sells ice cream in the Lisbon area and a recognized Portuguese family who runs a multinational business. The aim of this study is to address students to analyze the evolution of the small company by using the Agency and Resource-Based Theories and to outline a potentially successful co-ownership structure if the agreement were to take place. The particularity of the case regards considering and identifying the main Family Business issues to keep in mind when dealing with these types of firms.

O espaço do lazer infantil e as suas cores, formas e texturas

Given the high significance of playing on achildren's life, the existence of spaces for the same becomes essential. However, there are elements that should not be overlooked during its conception. In order for the space to become of the child, he must establish with it three relationships: with the space, with the objects in the room and with the other children. This article describes a part of the first empirical phase of an investigation. This phase of the project observed 14 children's play areas inserted in different environments, from the point of view of one of the main visual elements of design: colour. The aim is to understand which colours are the most used in the spaces and how the colour combination is performed. Thus, by crossing the observed colours and their meaning it is possible to determine what kind of space environments are intended to be created.

Influência de filtros de ruído dinâmico na perceção das cores utilizando um novo teste de visão das cores

Dissertação de mestrado em Optometria Avançada

As cores de Braga: levantamento cromático da rua do Souto e da rua D. Diogo de Sousa

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura (área de especialização em Cultura Arquitectónica)

Payoff-dependent balancedness and cores (revised version)

We prove the non-emptiness of the core of an NTU game satisfying a condition of payoff-dependent balancedness, based on transfer rate mappings. We also define a new equilibrium condition on transfer rates and we prove the existence of core payoff vectors satisfying this condition. The additional requirement of transfer rate equilibrium refines the core concept and allows the selection of specific core payoff vectors. Lastly, the class of parametrized cooperative games is introduced. This new setting and its associated equilibrium-core solution extend the usual cooperative game framework and core solution to situations depending on an exogenous environment. A non-emptiness result for the equilibrium-core is also provided in the context of a parametrized cooperative game. Our proofs borrow mathematical tools and geometric constructions from general equilibrium theory with non convexities. Applications to extant results taken from game theory and economic theory are given.

Creació d'IP Cores en una plataforma NIOS: metodologia de disseny

NIOS és el processador que Altera empra en els seus dissenys SOC (System On Chip). Per tal de facilitar-ne el seu ús, Altera també proporciona una plataforma de desenvolupament SOPC (System On Programable Chip) que agilitza enormement el disseny d’aquests sistemes. Així doncs, aquest projecte està centrat en la definició metodològica per a la creació d'IP Cores en una plataforma NIOS.

Registre isotòpic d'alquenones i lípids terrestres en sediment marí: una reconstrucció paleoclimàtica a l'oceà Índic

Projecte de recerca elaborat a partir d’una estada a la Institute of mineralogy and geochemistry de la University of Lausanne, Suïssa, entre 2007 i 2009. Durant l’última dècada, la comunitat científica ha reconegut que les zones tropicals juguen un paper clau en els processos dinàmics que controlen el canvi climàtic global, probablement com a desencadenant dels canvis succeïts en altes latituds. A més a més, els sediments dels oceans tropicals, en trobar-se fora de l’impacte directe de les plaques de gel continentals creades durant les glaciacions, proporcionen un registre continu de les variacions climàtiques del planeta. Malgrat tot, encara hi ha moltes incògnites sobre el paper específic de les zones tropicals, especialment pel que fa a les variacions brusques suborbitals, degut als pocs registres d’alta resolució estudiats en aquestes àrees que abastin varis cicles glacial/interglacial. Per tal d’ajudar a clarificar el paper de les zones tropicals de l’hemisferi sud en el control del clima a escala mil•lenària s’ha estudiat la distribució i la composició isotòpica de biomarcadors moleculars marins i terrestres, a baixa resolució, en el testimoni MD98-2165 (9º39’S, 118º20’E, 2100 m de profunditat d’aigua, 42.3 m de llarg) està situat al sud-oest d’Indonèsia, on s’enregistren les temperatures superficials del mar més elevades del planeta i una elevada activitat convectiva, que té una influència en la distribució de la humitat atmosfèrica en una extensa superfície de la Terra. Les distribucions observades de biomarcadors terrígens (C23-C33 n-alcans i C20-C32 n-alcan-1-ols) són típiques del lipids de plantes superiors que arriben a l’oceà principalment per via eòlica. L’alcà de 31 àtoms de carboni i els alcohols de 28 o 32 àtoms de carboni són els homòlegs més abundants en ambdós testimonis. Cal destacar l’alcohol C32 com a homòleg principal durant les èpoques glacials, tot suggerint una expansió de les plantes tropicals C4 associada a unes condicions més àrides. La procedència d’aquests lipids queda corroborada mitjançant la seva composició isotòpica de carboni, que ens permet diferenciar la ruta fotosintètica emprada i per tant, entre el tipus de plantes.

Cardiorespiratory responses to the 30-15 intermittent ice test

PURPOSE: In this study, the authors compared the cardiorespiratory responses between the 30-15 Intermittent Ice Test (30-15(IIT)) and the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15(IFT)) in semiprofessional hockey players. METHODS: Ten players (age 24 ± 6 y) from a Swiss League B team performed the 30-15(IIT) and 30-15(IFT) in random order (13 ± 4 d between trials). Cardiorespiratory variables were measured with a portable gas analyzer. Ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory-compensation point (RCP), and maximal speeds were measured for both tests. Peak blood lactate ([La(peak)]) was measured at 1 min postexercise. RESULTS: Compared with 30-15(IFT), 30-15(IIT) peak heart rate (HR(peak); mean ± SD 185 ± 7 vs 189 ± 10 beats/min, P = .02) and peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)); 60 ± 7 vs 62.7 ± 4 mL/min/kg, P = .02) were lower, whereas [La(peak)] was higher (10.9 ± 1 vs 8.6 ± 2 mmol/L, P < .01) for the 30-15(IIT). VT and RCP values during the 30-15(IIT) and 30-15(IFT) were similar for %HR(peak) (76.3% ± 5% vs 75.5% ± 3%, P = .53, and 90.6% ± 3% vs. 89.8% ± 3%, P = .45) and % VO(2peak) (62.3% ± 5% vs 64.2% ± 6%, P = .46, and 85.9% ± 5% vs 84.0% ± 7%, P = .33). VO(2peak ))(r = .93, P < .001), HR(peak) (r = .86, P = .001), and final velocities (r = .69, P = .029) were all largely to almost perfectly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Despite slightly lower maximal cardiorespiratory responses than in the field-running version of the test, the on-ice 30-15(IIT) is of practical interest since it is a specific maximal test with a higher anaerobic component.

Determination of nicotine and nicotine metabolites in urine by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Potential use of smokeless tobacco products by ice hockey players.

Consumption of nicotine in the form of smokeless tobacco (snus, snuff, chewing tobacco) or nicotine-containing medication (gum, patch) may benefit sport practice. Indeed, use of snus seems to be a growing trend and investigating nicotine consumption amongst professional athletes is of major interest to sport authorities. Thus, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the detection and quantification of nicotine and its principal metabolites cotinine, trans-3-hydroxycotinine, nicotine-N'-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide in urine was developed. Sample preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) operated in electrospray positive ionization (ESI) mode with selective reaction monitoring (SRM) data acquisition. The method was validated and calibration curves were linear over the selected concentration ranges of 10-10,000 ng/mL for nicotine, cotinine, trans-3-hydroxycotinine and 10-5000 ng/mL for nicotine-N'-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide, with calculated coefficients of determination (R(2)) greater than 0.95. The total extraction efficiency (%) was concentration dependent and ranged between 70.4 and 100.4%. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for all analytes was 10 ng/mL. Repeatability and intermediate precision were ?9.4 and ?9.9%, respectively. In order to measure the prevalence of nicotine exposure during the 2009 Ice Hockey World Championships, 72 samples were collected and analyzed after the minimum of 3 months storage period and complete removal of identification means as required by the 2009 International Standards for Laboratories (ISL). Nicotine and/or metabolites were detected in every urine sample, while concentration measurements indicated an exposure within the last 3 days for eight specimens out of ten. Concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3-hydroxycotinine, nicotine-N'-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide were found to range between 11 and 19,750, 13 and 10,475, 10 and 8217, 11 and 3396, and 13 and 1640 ng/mL, respectively. When proposing conservative concentration limits for nicotine consumption prior and/or during the games (50 ng/mL for nicotine, cotinine and trans-3-hydroxycotinine and 25 ng/mL for nicotine-N'-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide), about half of the hockey players were qualified as consumers. These findings significantly support the likelihood of extensive smokeless nicotine consumption. However, since such conclusions can only be hypothesized, the potential use of smokeless tobacco as a doping agent in ice hockey requires further investigation.

Little ice age advance and retreat sediment budgets for an outlet glacier in western Norway

Bødalsbreen is an outlet glacier of the Jostedalsbreen Ice Field in western Norway. Nine moraine ridges formed during and after the maximum extent of the Little Ice Age (LIA). The stratigraphy of proglacial sediments in the Bødalen basin inside the LIA moraines is examined, and corresponding sediment volumes are calculated based on georadar surveys and seismic profiling. The total erosion rates (etot) by the glacier are determined for the periods AD 1650?1930 and AD 1930?2005 as 0.8 ± 0.4 mm/yr and 0.7 ± 0.3 mm/yr, respectively. These rates are based on the total amount of sediment delivered to the glacier margin. The values are almost one order of magnitude higher than total erosion rates previously calculated for Norwegian glaciers. This is explained by the large amount of pre-existing sediment that was recycled by Bødalsbreen. Thus, the total erosion rate must be considered as a composite of eroded bedrock and of removed pre-existing sediments. The total erosion rate is likely to vary with time owing to a decreasing volume of easily erodible, unconsolidated sediment and till under the glacier. A slight increase in the subglacial bedrock erosion is expected owing to the gradually increasing bedrock surface area exposed to subglacial erosion.

Microstructural, chemical and isotopic evidence for the origin of late neolithic leather recovered from an ice field in the Swiss Alps

Archaeological leather samples recovered from the ice field at the Schnidejoch Pass (altitude 2756 m amsl) in the western Swiss Alps were studied using optical, chemical molecular and isotopic (delta(13)C and delta(15)N of the bulk leather, and compound-specific delta(13)C analyses of the organic-solvent extracted fatty acids) methods to obtain insight into the origin of the leather and ancient tanning procedures. For comparison, leathers from modern native animals in alpine environment (red deer, goat, sheep, chamois, and calf/cow) were analyzed using the same approach. Optical and electron microscopically comparisons of Schnidejoch and modern leathers showed that the gross structure (pattern of collagen fibrils and intra-fibrils material) of archaeological leather had survived essentially intact for five millennia. The SEM studies of the hairs from the most important archaeological find, a Neolithic leather legging, show a wave structure of the hair cuticle, which is a diagnostic feature for goatskins. The variations of the bulk delta(13)C and delta(15)N values, and delta(13)C values of the main fatty acids are within the range expected for pre-industrial temperate C(3) environment. The archaeological leather samples contain a mixture of indigenous (from the animal) and exogenous plant/animal lipids. An important amount of waxy n-alkanes, n-alkan-1-ols and phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, sitostanol) in all samples, and abundant biomarker of conifers (nonacosan-10-01) in the legging leathers clearly indicate that the Neolithic people were active in a subalpine coniferous forest, and that they used an aqueous extract of diverse plant material for tanning leather. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Genetic consequences of the ice ages on nurseries of the bat Myotis myotis: a mitochondrial and nuclear survey.

Analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region polymorphism and of variation at 10 nuclear microsatellite loci were used to investigate the mechanisms and genetic consequences of postglacial expansion of Myotis myotis in Europe. Initial sampling consisted of 480 bats genotyped in 24 nursery colonies arranged along a transect of approximately 3000 km. The phylogeographical survey based on mtDNA sequences revealed the existence of major genetic subdivisions across this area, with several suture zones between haplogroups. Such zones of secondary contact were found in the Alps and Rhodopes, whereas other potential barriers to gene flow, like the Pyrenees, did not coincide with genetic discontinuities. Areas of population admixture increased locally the genetic diversity of colonies, which confounded the northward decrease in nucleotide diversity predicted using classical models of postglacial range expansion. However, when analyses were restricted to a subset of 15 nurseries originating from a single presumed glacial refugium, mtDNA polymorphism did indeed support a northwards decrease in diversity. Populations were also highly structured (PhiST = 0.384). Conversely, the same subset of colonies showed no significant latitudinal decrease in microsatellite diversity and much less population structure (FST = 0.010), but pairwise genetic differentiation at these nuclear markers was strongly correlated with increasing geographical distance. Together, this evidence suggests that alleles carried via male bats have maintained enough nuclear gene flow to counteract the effects of recurrent bottlenecks generally associated with recolonization processes. As females are highly philopatric, we argue that the maternally transmitted mtDNA marker better reflects the situation of past, historical gene flow, whereas current levels of gene flow are better reflected by microsatellite markers.