Modeling perceived influences on journalism : evidence from a cross-national survey of journalists

Surveying 1,700 journalists from seventeen countries, this study investigates perceived influences on news work. Analysis reveals a dimensional structure of six distinct domains—political, economic, organizational, professional, and procedural influences, as well as reference groups. Across countries, these six dimensions build up a hierarchical structure where organizational, professional, and procedural influences are perceived as more powerful limits to journalists' work than political and economic influences.

Learning information literacy

Introduction This paper reports on university students' experiences of learning information literacy. Method Phenomenography was selected as the research approach as it describes the experience from the perspective of the study participants, which in this case is a mixture of undergraduate and postgraduate students studying education at an Australian university. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with fifteen students. Analysis The interview transcripts were iteratively reviewed for similarities and differences in students' experiences of learning information literacy. Categories were constructed from an analysis of the distinct features of the experiences that students reported. The categories were grouped into a hierarchical structure that represents students' increasingly sophisticated experiences of learning information literacy. Results The study reveals that students experience learning information literacy in six ways: learning to find information; learning a process to use information; learning to use information to create a product; learning to use information to build a personal knowledge base; learning to use information to advance disciplinary knowledge; and learning to use information to grow as a person and to contribute to others. Conclusions Understanding the complexity of the concept of information literacy, and the collective and diverse range of ways students experience learning information literacy, enables academics and librarians to draw on the range of experiences reported by students to design academic curricula and information literacy education that targets more powerful ways of learning to find and use information.

Beyond actuality : locating an authentic hybridity between heterogeneous media in an installation art practice

Addressing possibilities for authentic combinations of diverse media within an installation setting, this research tested hybrid blends of the physical, digital and temporal to explore liminal space and image. The practice led research reflected on creation of artworks from three perspectives – material, immaterial and hybrid – and in doing so, developed a new methodological structure that extends conventional forms of triangulation. This study explored how physical and digital elements each sought hierarchical presence, yet simultaneously coexisted, thereby extending the visual and conceptual potential of the work. Outcomes demonstrated how utilising and recording transitional processes of hybrid imagery achieved a convergence of diverse, experiential forms. "Hybrid authority" – an authentic convergence of disparate elements – was articulated in the creation and public sharing of processual works and the creation of an innovative framework for hybrid art practice.

Comparison of functionals for metal hexaboride band structure calculations

Density functional calculations of the electronic band structure for superconducting and semi-conducting metal hexaborides are compared using a consistent suite of assumptions and with emphasis on the physical implications of computed models. Spin polarization enhances mathematical accuracy of the functional approximations and adds significant physical meaning to model interpretation. For YB6 and LaB6, differences in alpha and beta projections occur near the Fermi energy. These differences are pronounced for superconducting hexaborides but do not occur for other metal hexaborides.

Lattice basis delegation in fixed dimension and shorter-ciphertext hierarchical IBE

We present a technique for delegating a short lattice basis that has the advantage of keeping the lattice dimension unchanged upon delegation. Building on this result, we construct two new hierarchical identity-based encryption (HIBE) schemes, with and without random oracles. The resulting systems are very different from earlier lattice-based HIBEs and in some cases result in shorter ciphertexts and private keys. We prove security from classic lattice hardness assumptions.

The molecular structure of the vanadate mineral mottramite [PbCu(VO4)(OH)] from Tsumeb, Namibia – a vibrational spectroscopic study

We have studied a mineral sample of mottramite PbCu(VO4)(OH) from Tsumeb, Namibia using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with EDX, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Chemical analysis shows principally the elements V, Pb and Cu. Ca occurs as partial substitution of Pb as well as P and As in substitution to V. Minor amounts of Si and Cr were also observed. The Raman band of mottramite at 829 cm-1, is assigned to the ν1 symmetric (VO-4) ) stretching mode. The complexity of the spectra is attributed to the chemical composition of the Tsumeb mottramite. The ν3 antisymmetric vibrational mode of mottramite is observed as very low intensity bands at 716 and 747 cm-1. The series of Raman bands at 411, 439, 451 cm-1 and probably also the band at 500 cm-1 are assigned to the (VO-4) ν2 bending mode. The series of Raman bands at 293, 333 and 366 cm-1 are attributed to the (VO-4) ) ν4 bending modes. The ν3, ν3 and ν4 regions are complex for both minerals and this is attributed to symmetry reduction of the vanadate unit from Td to Cs.

The molecular structure of the borate mineral rhodizite (K, Cs)Al4Be4(B, Be)12O28 – A vibrational spectroscopic study

We have studied the borate mineral rhodizite (K, Cs)Al4Be4(B, Be)12O28 using a combination of DEM with EDX and vibrational spectroscopic techniques. The mineral occurs as colorless, gray, yellow to white crystals in the triclinic crystal system. The studied sample is from the Antandrokomby Mine, Sahatany valley, Madagascar. The mineral is prized as a semi-precious jewel. Semi-quantitative chemical composition shows a Al, Ca, borate with minor amounts of K, Mg and Cs. The mineral has a characteristic borate Raman spectrum and bands are assigned to the stretching and bending modes of B, Be and Al. No Raman bands in the OH stretching region were observed.

The molecular structure of the phosphate mineral beraunite Fe2+Fe⅗+(PO4)4(OH)5⋅4H2O– A vibrational spectroscopic study

The mineral beraunite from Boca Rica pegmatite in Minas Gerais with theoretical formula Fe2+Fe5 3+(PO4)4(OH)5⋅4H2O has been studied using a combination of electron microscopy with EDX and vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Raman spectroscopy identifies an intense band at 990 cm-1 and 1011 cm-1. These bands are attributed to the PO4 3- v, symmetric stretching mode. The m3 antisymmetric stretching modes are observed by a large number of Raman bands. The Raman bands at 1034, 1051, 1058, 1069 and 1084 together with the Raman bands at 1098, 1116, 1133, 1155 and 1174 cm-1 are assigned to the m3 antisymmetric stretching vibrations of PO4 3- and the HOPO3 2- units. The observation of these multiple Raman bands in the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching region gives credence to the concept that both phosphate and hydrogen phosphate units exist in the structure of beraunite. The series of Raman bands at 567, 582,601, 644, 661, 673, and 687 cm-1 are assigned to the PO4 3- v2 bending modes. The series of Raman bands at 437, 468, 478, 491, 503 cm-1 are attributed to the PO4 3- and OPO3 2- v4 bending modes. No Raman bands of beraunite which could be attributed to the hydroxyl stretching unit were observed. Infrared bands at 3511 and 3359 cm-1 are ascribed to the OH stretching vibration of the OH units. Very broad bands at 3022 and 3299 cm-1 are attributed to the OH stretching vibrations of water. Vibrational spectroscopy offers insights into the molecular structure of the phosphate mineral beraunite.

Solid-state structure of some substituted hexahydro-1,4:5,8-diepoxy­naphthalenes

The structure of several carboxy-substituted hexahydro-1,4:5,8-diepoxynaphthalenes have been solved with X-ray crystallography, in some cases confirming previously contentious structures. The compounds of interest are constructed in efficient one-step 2 × [4+2] cycloaddition reactions from furan and acetylene carboxylate derivatives.

The synthesis and structure of the symmetrical isomer of C5H-

The ion (C2CHC2)(-) is formed in the gas phase by the process -C=C-CH(OCOR)-C=CD --> (C2CHC2)(-) + ('RDCO2') [R = H, Me or Et]; the ground state structure is a singlet, with C-2 nu symmetry.

Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the sulphate mineral leightonite K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4⋅2H2O – Implications for the molecular structure

The mineral leightonite, a rare sulphate mineral of formula K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4.2H2O, has been studied using a combination of electron probe and vibrational spectroscopy. The mineral is characterized by an intense Raman band at 991 cm-1 attributed to the SO2- 4 m1 symmetric stretching mode. A series of Raman bands at 1047, 1120, 1137, 1163 and 1177 cm-1 assigned to the SO2- 4 m3 antisymmetric stretching modes. The observation of multiple bands shows that the symmetry of the sulphate anion is reduced. Multiple Raman and infrared bands in the OH stretching region shows that water in the structure of leightonite is in a range of molecular environments.

Effect of Al content on the structure of Al-substituted goethite : a micro-Raman spectroscopic study

The characterization of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and field emission scanning electron microscope were used to confirm the successful preparation of Al-substituted goethite with different Al content. The micro-Raman spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the effect of Al content on the goethite lattice. The results show that all the feature bands of goethite shifted to high wavenumbers after the occurrence of Al substitution for Fe in the structure of goethite. The shift of wavenumber shows a good linear relationship as a function of increasing Al content especially for the band at 299 cm−1 (R2 = 0.9992). The in situ Raman spectroscopy of thermally treated goethite indicated that the Al substitution not only hinders the transformation of goethite, but also retarded the crystallization of thermally formed hematite. All the results indicated that Raman spectrum displayed an excellent performance in characterizing Al-substituted goethite, which implied the promising application in other substituted metal oxides or hydroxides.

Part 1 MOO methods for multidisciplinary design using parallel evolutionary algorithms, game theory and hierarchical topology. (Part 1.) Theoretical aspects

Two lecture notes describe recent developments of evolutionary multi objective optimization (MO) techniques in detail and their advantages and drawbacks compared to traditional deterministic optimisers. The role of Game Strategies (GS), such as Pareto, Nash or Stackelberg games as companions or pre-conditioners of Multi objective Optimizers is presented and discussed on simple mathematical functions in Part I , as well as their implementations on simple aeronautical model optimisation problems on the computer using a friendly design framework in Part II. Real life (robust) design applications dealing with UAVs systems or Civil Aircraft and using the EAs and Game Strategies combined material of Part I & Part II are solved and discussed in Part III providing the designer new compromised solutions useful to digital aircraft design and manufacturing. Many details related to Lectures notes Part I, Part II and Part III can be found by the reader in [68].

One-step synthesis of titanium oxide with trilayer structure for dye-sensitized solar cells

Titanium oxide films with trilayer structure grown on fluorine doped tin oxide substrate were prepared from one-step hydrothermal process. The trilayer structure consists of microflowers, nanorod array and compact nanoparticulates, which is expected to possess the merits of good light harvesting, a high electron transport rate, while avoiding the issues of electron shunting. The photovoltaic performance was comprehensively studied and a 60% enhancement in short circuit photocurrent density was found from microflowers contribution as a light scattering layer. This unique trilayer structure exhibits great potential application in future dye-sensitized solar cells.

Pulsed wall jet simulation of a stationary thunderstorm downburst, Part A: Physical structure and flow field characterization

A pulsed wall jet has been used to simulate the gust front of a thunderstorm downburst. Flow visualization, wind speed and surface pressure measurements were obtained. The characteristics of the hypothesized ring vortex of a full-scale downburst were reproduced at a scale estimated to be 1:3000.