Versão portuguesa do CANE (Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly) : desenvolvimento e dados preliminares

RESUMO - A avaliação de necessidades de cuidados é crucial no planeamento, monitorização e avaliação de serviços de psiquiatria e saúde mental, bem como na investigação e na clínica. Este princípio é obviamente aplicável aos serviços responsáveis por populações de pessoas mais velhas. O instrumento CANE — Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly possibilita uma avaliação consistente das necessidades de utentes idosos, nomeadamente em situações de patologia neuropsiquiátrica. Procede-se a uma avaliação cruzada, entrevistando a pessoa em questão, o seu cuidador informal e o técnico responsável. Esta avaliação multidimensional abrange domínios da esfera biológica, psicológica e social, sendo aplicável na comunidade ou em internamento (regime parcial ou completo). A utilidade do CANE tem sido evidenciada em contextos clínicos, de investigação e de avaliação de serviços. Existem múltiplas traduções a nível internacional, a maioria das quais validada. Na área da epidemiologia psiquiátrica nem sempre estão disponíveis os dados relativos à qualidade das adaptações de instrumentos, pelo que se apresenta o processo de desenvolvimento da versão portuguesa (de acordo com as regras para validação transcultural, no processo de tradução-retroversão). A aplicabilidade da versão portuguesa foi satisfatória neste estudo-piloto, representando a primeira fase de um trabalho multicêntrico nacional. Nesta fase inicial, foram considerados casos de idosos com patologia neuropsiquiátrica (maioritariamente demência — 71,4%), em dois centros (Lisboa e Porto) (n = 21). A média de idades foi 73,9 (± 6,3) anos, sendo 76,2% do sexo feminino. A maioria vivia em casa, apresentava co-morbilidade somática e estava em contacto com um cuidador informal (em geral, familiares do sexo feminino). Os avaliadores identificaram necessidades, nem sempre cobertas, nas seguintes dimensões: cuidados com a casa, alimentação, actividades diárias, memória, saúde física, sofrimento psicológico, companhia e dinheiro/economias. Nem sempre a perspectiva de doentes, cuidadores, técnicos e avaliadores foi inteiramente coincidente. Estes resultados preliminares da aplicação da versão portuguesa do CANE são consistentes quanto à sua validade ecológica, facial e de conteúdo, estando em curso contributos adicionais para a validação efectiva numa amostra de maior dimensão.

Utilização do facebook pelos estudantes universitários : estudo do impacto do uso do facebook nas escolhas alimentares e bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes do ensino superior público em Lisboa

O presente estudo tem como finalidade compreender de que modo o uso do Facebook está relacionado com o comportamento alimentar e bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes universitários do Ensino Superior Público de Lisboa. Estudos recentes remetem para o impacto do uso do Facebook no comportamento dos seus usuários, e em especial, para o impacto do uso Facebook no comportamento alimentar dos usuários devido ao aumento temporário da auto-estima resultante da interacção com os amigos do Facebook. Com o aumento do uso do FacebooK entre os jovens e com a evidência de que a alimentação adoptada pelos estudantes universitários apresenta um desvio significativo ao aconselhado pela Direcção Geral de Saúde torna-se fundamental compreender de que modo o uso do Facebook contribui para as escolhas alimentares e bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes universitários. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia exploratória seguida de uma metodologia de pesquisa conclusiva para dar resposta ao problema proposto. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes realizam uma alimentação deficitária. Os resultados indicam também que a maioria dos estudantes reporta o uso diário do Facebook durante mais de 60 minutos. Para além disto, verificou-se que os usuários que fizeram like em páginas de marcas alimentares apresentam uma maior probabilidade de consumir os produtos da marca com like pelo menos uma vez por semana. Em relação ao bem-estar psicológico verificou-se que o uso do Facebook de pelo menos 4 vezes por semana está associado a um maior bem-estar subjectivo reportado pelos alunos participantes no estudo. Relativamente à auto-estima não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em função da frequência de uso do Facebook, no entanto os resultados seguem a mesma tendência que o bem estar-subjectivo, o que nos permite concluir que uma maior frequência de uso do Facebook tem impacto no bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes.

Repercussions d’un tràfic forçat o lliure sobre el consum i pauta d’ingestió del vaquí lleter amb un sistema de munyida robotitzada

Avaluació de l’efecte del tipus de tràfic imposat a les vaques lleteres en sistemes de munyida automàtica sobre la freqüència de munyida, les necessitats d’alimentació, el comportament alimentari i la producció i composició de la llet

Muntatge d’una memòria en el sistema microprocessat Olorim

Aquest projecte parteix d'un projecte anterior realitzat per un company d'escola, en el qual es pretenia muntar un sistema per obtenir un diagnòstic dels pacients que pateixen bruxisme. El sistema que aquest company va muntar constava de dos subsistemes: el sistema de captura, encarregat de capturar el senyal mitjançant sensors i pretractar el senyal i el sistema de processament de dades, encarregat de rebre les dades provinents del sistema de captura mitjançant una ràdio sintonitzada a la freqüència 432,95MHz, que després s'envien al convertidor A/D de l'Olorim i s'emmagatzemen a la memòria interna de l'Olorim. Aquest projecte pretén millorar l'apartat de capacitat per a les dades i oferir major portabilitat mitjançant una targeta SD. Per dur a terme aquesta millora es recullen les dades emmagatzemades a la memòria interna del sistema microprocessat i s’emmagatzemen en una memòria SD. Les dades s'emmagatzemen a la targeta SD dins un fitxer creat prèviament amb l'ordinador, el qual ha de ser el primer fitxer que es crea a la targeta, ja que ha d'estar en sectors consecutius. En aquest fitxer s'aniran emmagatzemant les dades que ens proporcioni el sistema de captura en format RAW

Optimal Traffic Grooming in WDM using Lighttours

Recent developments in optical communications have allowed simpler optical devices to improve network resource utilization. As such, we propose adding a lambda-monitoring device to a wavelength-routing switch (WRS) allowing better performance when traffic is routed and groomed. This device may allow a WRS to aggregate traffic over optical routes without incurring in optical-electrical-optical conversion for the existing traffic. In other words, optical routes can be taken partially to route demands creating a sort of "lighttours". In this paper, we compare the number of OEO conversions needed to route a complete given traffic matrix using either lighttours or lightpaths

Operational Cost Reduction in WDM Networks using Lighttours

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks have been adopted as a near-future solution for the broadband Internet. In previous work we proposed a new architecture, named enhanced grooming (G+), that extends the capabilities of traditional optical routes (lightpaths). In this paper, we compare the operational expenditures incurred by routing a set of demands using lightpaths with that of lighttours. The comparison is done by solving an integer linear programming (ILP) problem based on a path formulation. Results show that, under the assumption of single-hop routing, almost 15% of the operational cost can be reduced with our architecture. In multi-hop routing the operation cost is reduced in 7.1% and at the same time the ratio of operational cost to number of optical-electro-optical conversions is reduced for our architecture. This means that ISPs could provide the same satisfaction in terms of delay to the end-user with a lower investment in the network architecture

All-Optical Unicast/Multicast Routing in WDM Networks

Optical transport networks (OTN) must be prepared in terms of better resource utilization, for accommodating unicast and multicast traffic together. Light-trees have been proposed for supporting multicast connections in OTN. Nevertheless when traffic grooming is applied in light-trees, resources can be underutilized as traffic can be routed to undesirable destinations in order to avoid optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversions. In this paper, a novel architecture named S/G light- tree for supporting unicast/multicast connections is proposed. The architecture allows traffic dropping and aggregation in different wavelengths without performing OEO conversions. A heuristic that routes traffic demands using less wavelengths by taking advantage of the proposed architecture is designed as well. Simulation results show that the architecture can minimize the number of used wavelengths and OEO conversions when compared to light-trees

G+: Enhanced Traffic Grooming in WDM Mesh Networks using Lighttours

In this article, a new technique for grooming low-speed traffic demands into high-speed optical routes is proposed. This enhancement allows a transparent wavelength-routing switch (WRS) to aggregate traffic en route over existing optical routes without incurring expensive optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversions. This implies that: a) an optical route may be considered as having more than one ingress node (all inline) and, b) traffic demands can partially use optical routes to reach their destination. The proposed optical routes are named "lighttours" since the traffic originating from different sources can be forwarded together in a single optical route, i.e., as taking a "tour" over different sources towards the same destination. The possibility of creating lighttours is the consequence of a novel WRS architecture proposed in this article, named "enhanced grooming" (G+). The ability to groom more traffic in the middle of a lighttour is achieved with the support of a simple optical device named lambda-monitor (previously introduced in the RingO project). In this article, we present the new WRS architecture and its advantages. To compare the advantages of lighttours with respect to classical lightpaths, an integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed for the well-known multilayer problem: traffic grooming, routing and wavelength assignment The ILP model may be used for several objectives. However, this article focuses on two objectives: maximizing the network throughput, and minimizing the number of optical-electro-optical conversions used. Experiments show that G+ can route all the traffic using only half of the total OEO conversions needed by classical grooming. An heuristic is also proposed, aiming at achieving near optimal results in polynomial time

Adding new components to the knowledge plane GMPLS over WDM networks

A recent study defines a new network plane: the knowledge plane. The incorporation of the knowledge plane over the network allows having more accurate information of the current and future network states. In this paper, the introduction and management of the network reliability information in the knowledge plane is proposed in order to improve the quality of service with protection routing algorithms in GMPLS over WDM networks. Different experiments prove the efficiency and scalability of the proposed scheme in terms of the percentage of resources used to protect the network

La enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera basada en contenidos : percepciones del profesorado de educación secundaria en las Islas Baleares.

Resumen tomado del autor. Incluye gráficas, tablas de datos y un ejemplar del cuestionario utilizado para su recogida

Abandono escolar prematuro y retorno al sistema educativo en Baleares : historias de vida del alumnado de Educación Permanente de Personas Adultas (EPA).

Este estudio tiene como finalidad la creación de nuevos conocimientos sobre los procesos de abandono escolar prematuro y de retorno al sistema educativo de la población joven de las Islas Baleares. Con este fin, se han realizado entrevistas biográficas a treinta jóvenes que dejaron la escuela sin el título correspondiente a la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y con posterioridad decidieron reanudar los estudios. El estudio de los procesos de abandono escolar y de retorno al sistema educativo a través de las historias de vida, nos ofrece una visión privilegiada y única de cómo y por qué los y las jóvenes se alejan de la escuela y después vuelven. Sus narraciones dan una perspectiva diferente y complementaria a otras, basadas principalmente en datos cuantitativos y en las aportaciones de otros actores sociales. A partir de esta visión, se pone en tela de juicio una parte del discurso dominante sobre el tema, al mismo tiempo que se reflejan los déficits en las actuaciones de varios actores sociales. Los objetivos de la investigación son: 1. Contribuir a la creación de conocimiento sobre los procesos de abandono escolar temprano y de retorno al sistema educativo y 2. Contribuir a la mejora de las acciones de acompañamiento a jóvenes que han abandonado la escuela de manera prematura y quieran seguir formándose. La muestra estudiada fue de 30 jóvenes voluntarios (13 mujeres y 17 hombres), de los cuales 4 estudiaban en Menorca, 4 en Ibiza y 22 en Mallorca. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre febrero y abril de 2008 y fueron grabadas y transcritas. El análisis de contenido se hizo a partir del vaciado de la información de cada una de ellas, organizándose en categorías y temas. Se tomó la entrevista como instrumento de recogida de datos y las historias de vida como metodología cualtitativa y fuente primaria para el análisis evolutivo y de vivencias de cada individuo con referencia al tema de investigación. La codificación del contenido de las entrevistas, se hizo con el apoyo del programa informático NUD IST para Windows. En relación al proceso de abandono escolar prematuro se concluye que: 1. El estudio documenta la coherencia entre las elevadas tasas de abandono escolar que hay en Baleares, las características de la actividad económica, los valores sociales dominantes, la educación familiar y las prácticas educativas. En cuanto a las aportaciones sobre el proceso de retorno al sistema educativo, se acuerda que: 1. Junto a las trayectorias en los que el trabajo remunerado pasa a ser la actividad principal en el período inmediatamente posterior a la salida de la escuela, también abundan las de continuación de la formación por otras vías: Programas de Garantía Social (PGS) o ESPA. 2. Cuando el ESPA supone reiniciar los estudios después de un período de ausencia, las funciones que se le atribuyen van desde lo puramente instrumental en relación a la ocupación hasta la más expresiva, relacionada sobre todo con el desarrollo personal. 3. El análisis de estas razones refleja cómo los y las jóvenes intentan utilizar los recursos existentes en su proceso de transición a la vida adulta. El tema de fondo ante estas situaciones es la capacidad del ESPA por acompañar a los y las jóvenes en esta trayectoria personal en la que la obtención del título de Graduado en ESO tiene un sentido y una factibilidad que no tenía cuando estaban escolarizados en un centro de secundaria. En referencia a las aportaciones sobre cómo deberían ser las acciones de acompañamiento de los y las jóvenes que han abandonado la escuela de manera prematura y quieren continuar formándose, se concluye que: 1. La valoración general del ESPA es positiva, no sólo por parte del alumnado que aprueba sino también por los que suspenden y deben repetir. 2. Los elementos que se consideran más positivos en la valoración del ESPA se plantean con frecuencia en comparación con el escolar y principalmente con el período del ESO. Se destacan: horarios que permiten liberar tiempo para otras actividades; contenidos básicos y útiles; voluntariedad de participación; grupo clase reducido y heterogéneo; profesorado; cambio en su actitud hacia la educación y descubrimiento o redescubrimiento de la capacidad y del placer de aprender. 3. En el contexto de la sociedad del conocimiento y atendida la actual situación económica, social y educativa de Baleares, se ha de reconocer el valor estratégico de la educación de segunda oportunidad. 4. Avanzar en la superación de todos estos retos implica asumir que el abandono escolar prematuro no es un problema personal sino de sociedad, en la superación del cual tienen un papel muy importante las políticas institucionales. El retorno a la formación es un instrumento privilegiado para ayudar a los y las jóvenes a avanzar en este largo y complejo proceso de vivir la juventud, y a hacerlo de una manera que les abra oportunidades y los ayude a construir, junto a otras personas, un futuro más libre, más creativo y con una mayor justicia social.

Italian citizenship and the descendants of Italian citizens emigrated in Colombia. Removing a social injustice

Law is often the source of social discriminations, but, at the same time, it can be thekey to delete these social discriminations. The authors try to give an example of thisphenomenon, by analyzing the impact of the Italian citizenship’s rules over the descendantsof the Italian citizens emigrated abroad and, especially, in South America.Indeed, according to the former Italian law, only fathers could transmit iure sanguinisthe citizenship to their children: moreover, women automatically lost theItalian citizenship if they get a foreign citizenship by concluding a marriage witha foreign husband.These rules hardly discriminate the Italian women emigrated abroad and, especially,their descendants who were prevented to get the Italian’s citizenship.These discriminatory rules were finally deleted by the Italian Constitutional Courtin the Seventies and in the Eighties: however, the effects of those rules still persisted,since the decision of the Constitutional Court could not overcome the temporal limit of the entry into force of the Constitution (01.01.1948) and, therefore, could not“cover” the discriminatory facts occurred before that date.Finally in 2009, the Italian Supreme Court, by extending the effects ratione temporisof the decisions of the Constitutional Court, “reopened the doors” of the Italiancitizenship to a huge number of Italian citizenship born from Italian women beforethe 01.01.1948.Therefore, the authors focus on the social impact of this decision for all the potentialItalian citizens living in South America and try to assess its juridical effects overthe Italian law.

O que a nomeação rápida nos diz sobre a dislexia?

Substantial evidence now show that dyslexic readers have problems with speeded naming of visual items. Early research assumed that this was a consequence of phonological processing deficits, but recent findings have suggested that non-phonological processes may lie at the root of the association between slow naming speed and poor reading. In a set of studies conducted with Portuguese children, the performance of dyslexic readers on serial rapid naming and phonological measures was investigated. The hypothesis that rapid naming reflects an independent core deficit in dyslexia is supported: (1) some dyslexics are characterized by naming difficulties but intact phonological skills; (2) the variance in rapid naming performance predicts uniquely the variance in children’s reading skills, independently from phonological skills; (3) rapid naming and phonological processing measures are not reliably correlated. The results also uncovered greater predictive power of rapid naming, and in particularly the inter-item pause time, for high-frequency word reding than for pseudoword reading in developmental dyslexia. Our work shows that a phonological component alone cannot account for the rapid naming performance in dyslexia. Rather, naming problems may emerge from the inefficiencies in visual-orthographic processing as well as in phonological processing.

Children treated in psychoanalytical psychotherapy for learning problems

A clinical psychotherapy needs to turn its gaze to the current demands, and update its practice in empirical studies. The objective of this research is to ascertain the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children treated in psychotherapy by learning problems. We conducted a retrospective documentary study with records of 2106 children treated between 1979 and 2007 in two outpatient psychological care of the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The results showed that demand for Learning Problems is the fourth largest cause of psychotherapeutic care. There was no statistically significant difference regarding gender. Children with learning problems come to psychotherapy more frequently in the early stages of elementary school, around 7 years old. Increased demand for psychotherapy of children with learning problems takes place in May. Perhaps, learning difficulties can be understood simultaneously as a symptom global, in which other aspects, besides the uniqueness of the subject are involved. We conclude that individual and social aspects involved in Learning Problems may be useful in the clinical management of these children by professionals who are dedicated to meeting this particular clientele. One must be aware of ongoing partnership which should be placed between psychologist and pedagogue. Both professionals, education and health, account for components of the child to know

Predictors of Attitudes toward Cosmetic Surgery among U.S. and Colombian College Women: The Roles of Eating Behaviors and Demographic Variables

Cross-cultural studies on eating behaviors and related constructs can identify cultural and social factors that contribute to eating disorder symptomatology. Eating disorders (EDs) are a major cause for concern in the U.S., and recent studies in Colombia have shown growing rates among their female population. In addition, cosmetic surgery procedures have been increasing rapidly in both the U.S. and Colombia, and preliminary research suggests a positive relation between disordered eating and endorsement of plastic surgery. In samples of college women from Colombia and the U.S., we investigated patterns of association between disordered eating variables and cosmetic surgery acceptance. Our approach utilized separate analyses for various subcomponents of disordered eating (to determine their unique associations with cosmetic surgery acceptance) while adjusting for potentially relevant covariates and examining cross-cultural patterns. Participants were students at an urban, public college in the U.S. (n=163) and an urban, private college in Colombia (n=179). Overall, our findings suggested that participants from Colombia with greater disordered eating were more likely to endorse cosmetic surgery for social reasons, while those from the U.S. were more likely to consider undergoing cosmetic surgery for personal reasons. Differing findings between the two samples may be due to cultural and social factors, which we delineate. These findings also have potential implications for presurgical counseling of cosmetic surgery candidates.