Test-retest reliability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in high-risk registry neonates

This paper studies the test-retest reliability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit.

The characterization of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the Sprague-Dawley rat during development

This paper describes a project which set up a system to measure distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in the Sprague Dawley rat and to conduct a pilot study to measure the development of DPOAEs as a function of age.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in high-risk neonates

This paper discusses a study done of neonates to determine the differences between ABR and DPOE for hearing screening.

Noise exposure in high school aged youths and distortion product otoacoustic emissions

This paper discusses the effect of noise exposure on high school aged boys' hearing levels and how to measure the effects.

Variability in distortion product otoacoustic emissions among normal ears

This paper studies the relationship between hearing sensitivity and the presence of otoacoustic emissions by examining the variability of same ear emissions in a group of normal-hearing subjects.

Effects of time averaging on noise floor in distortion product otoacoustic emissions

This paper examines distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) used to test peripheral auditory function, and how noise level in the ear affects the detectability of DPOAEs. The study examines the clinical feasibility of different time averages at different frequencies on the noise floor.

Measurement of distortion product emissions in chinchilllas

This paper is a review of a study on distortion product emissions in normal hearing chinchillas.

Changes in distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in chinchilla after intermittent noise exposure

This paper discusses the distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) of chinchillas when exposed to noise.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the bullfrog

Recovery of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the bullfrog after noise exposure does not correlate with hair cell damage noted on the amphibian papilla.

Enhanced aglycone production of fermented soybean products by Bacillus species

This study evaluated the effect of starter culture and fermentation period on the isoflavone content of protein-rich soybeans variety TG145. Initially, soybeans were washed, soaked in water for 16 h and autoclaved at 121°C for 40min. Three different bacterial starter cultures (~104 CFU/g) namely Bacillus subtilis BEST195, B. subtilis Asaichiban and B. subtilis TN51 were then added and the fermentation was allowed to proceed at 42°C for 24 h (natto-style) and 72 h (thua nao-style). The quantities of six major isoflavones (daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein, and glycitein) were then determined in these fermented soybean products using reverse phase HPLC technique. Generally, our results clearly showed that the content of total isoflavones in the fermented products prepared by Bacillus starter cultures greatly increased ranging from 43 to 99% compared to that of the unfermented autoclaved soybeans. In addition, a dramatic increase of aglycones was also observed (> 400%) in the soybean products fermented by Bacillus subtilis strain TN51. This present study suggests a promising use of Bacillus starter cultures in improving isoflavone compounds especially the aglycones which would benefit for novel functional food development.

Rational conversion of substrate and product specificity in a Salvia monoterpene synthase: structural insights into the evolution of terpene synthase function

Terpene synthases are responsible for the biosynthesis of the complex chemical defense arsenal of plants and microorganisms. How do these enzymes, which all appear to share a common terpene synthase fold, specify the many different products made almost entirely from one of only three substrates? Elucidation of the structure of 1,8-cineole synthase from Salvia fruticosa (Sf-CinS1) combined with analysis of functional and phylogenetic relationships of enzymes within Salvia species identified active-site residues responsible for product specificity. Thus, Sf-CinS1 was successfully converted to a sabinene synthase with a minimum number of rationally predicted substitutions, while identification of the Asn side chain essential for water activation introduced 1,8-cineole and alpha-terpineol activity to Salvia pomifera sabinene synthase. A major contribution to product specificity in Sf-CinS1 appears to come from a local deformation within one of the helices forming the active site. This deformation is observed in all other mono- or sesquiterpene structures available, pointing to a conserved mechanism. Moreover, a single amino acid substitution enlarged the active-site cavity enough to accommodate the larger farnesyl pyrophosphate substrate and led to the efficient synthesis of sesquiterpenes, while alternate single substitutions of this critical amino acid yielded five additional terpene synthases.