The York Medal, or the supposed Jewish medal, found in New York, on the removal of Layer Thorpe old bridge und postern, in the year 1829

deciphered by L. Loewe

Resolving diffusion in clay minerals at different time scales: Combination of experimental and modeling approaches

Since no single experimental or modeling technique provides data that allow a description of transport processes in clays and clay minerals at all relevant scales, several complementary approaches have to be combined to understand and explain the interplay between transport relevant phenomena. In this paper molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were used to investigate the mobility of water in the interlayer of montmorillonite (Mt), and to estimate the influence of mineral surfaces and interlayer ions on the water diffusion. Random Walk (RW) simulations based on a simplified representation of pore space in Mt were used to estimate and understand the effect of the arrangement of Mt particles on the meso- to macroscopic diffusivity of water. These theoretical calculations were complemented with quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements of aqueous diffusion in Mt with two pseudo-layers of water performed at four significantly different energy resolutions (i.e. observation times). The size of the interlayer and the size of Mt particles are two characteristic dimensions which determine the time dependent behavior of water diffusion in Mt. MD simulations show that at very short time scales water dynamics has the characteristic features of an oscillatory motion in the cage formed by neighbors in the first coordination shell. At longer time scales, the interaction of water with the surface determines the water dynamics, and the effect of confinement on the overall water mobility within the interlayer becomes evident. At time scales corresponding to an average water displacement equivalent to the average size of Mt particles, the effects of tortuosity are observed in the meso- to macroscopic pore scale simulations. Consistent with the picture obtained in the simulations, the QENS data can be described using a (local) 3D diffusion at short observation times, whereas at sufficiently long observation times a 2D diffusive motion is clearly observed. The effects of tortuosity measured in macroscopic tracer diffusion experiments are in qualitative agreement with RW simulations. By using experimental data to calibrate molecular and mesoscopic theoretical models, a consistent description of water mobility in clay minerals from the molecular to the macroscopic scale can be achieved. In turn, simulations help in choosing optimal conditions for the experimental measurements and the data interpretation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Phytoplankton Scales of Variability in the California Current System: 2. Latitudinal Variability

The California Current System encompasses a southward flowing current which is perturbed by ubiquitous mesoscale variability. The extent to which latitudinal patterns of physical variability are reflected in the distribution of biological parameters is poorly known. To investigate the latitudinal distribution of chlorophyll variance, a wavelet analysis is applied to nearly 9 years (October 1997 to July 2006) of 1-km-resolution Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll concentration data at 5-day resolution. Peaks in the latitudinal distribution of chlorophyll variance coincide with features of the coastal topography. Maxima in variance are located offshore of Vancouver Island and downstream of Heceta Bank, Cape Blanco, Point Arena, and possibly Point Conception. An analysis of dominant wavelengths in the chlorophyll data reveals a transfer of energy into smaller scales is generated in the vicinity of the coastal capes. The latitudinal distribution of variance in sea level anomaly corresponds closely to the chlorophyll variance in the nearshore region (<100 km offshore), suggesting that the same processes determine the distribution of both. Farther offshore, there is no correspondence between latitudinal patterns of sea level anomaly and chlorophyll variance. This likely represents a transition from physical to biological control of the phytoplankton distribution.

An Inexpensive Alternative to CS Photoshop & Bridge: Archival Master Image Capture and Batch Derivative Creation in Canon Scan Gear & Adobe Photoshop Elements 7

This presentation was made at the Connecticut State Library Service Center, Willimantic, CT, April 14, 2009. It focused on digital capture workflows for both archival and derivative image creation using accepted current standards. Tools used were inexpensive by choice and focused towards the needs of small to mid-sized cultural heritage institutions who wish to begin digital capture in their own facilities.

Frederick Bridge, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F08295

Body image rating scales to assess obesity

Obesity prevalence in the U.S. has increased during the last three decades with major impact on public health. Screening for obesity in a population with unknown weight status can be time- and resource-consuming, but the information is valuable for prioritizing and allocating scarce resources. The challenge remains to properly assess obesity with the available methods. Body Image Rating Scales (BIRS) have initially been developed to assess body image disturbances, but also seem useful as an alternative method in assessing obesity prevalence. Several different BIRS exists. In this project I reviewed the literature that exists regarding the use of BIRS, and its advantages and limitations for the assessment of obesity status with regards to BMI. The result yielded nine publications that examined eight different scales and their correlation with BMI, ranging from r=.59 for self-reported BMI to r=.94 for measured BMI. One concern is the lack of standardization of this method to assess obesity, given the range of different scales. While many methods for obesity assessment are available, the simplicity, ease of use and cost-effectiveness of BIRS make it very appealing. BIRS remain a potentially attractive option to assess the weight status of a large population with minimal requirements in assets and time, especially in situations where measuring instruments are not available, or when height or weight could not be recalled.^

(Table 22-30) Revised composite depth scales of IODP Sites 320-U1331, U1332, U1333, U1334 and ODP Sites 199-1218, 199-1219, 199-1220

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 320 recovered high-quality paleomagnetic records with over 800 dated reversals and decimeter-scale cyclic sediments which provide an outstanding framework to inter-calibrate major fossil groups and refine magnetic polarity chrons for the early Miocene, the entire Oligocene and the late Eocene Epoch. In order to reconstruct the climate history of the Equatorial Pacific one of the major objectives of the Pacific Equatorial Age Transect (PEAT) is the compilation of a Cenozoic Megasplice which integrates all available bio-, chemo-, and magnetostratigraphic data including key records from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 199. Here we present extended post-cruise refinements of the shipboard composite depth scales and composite records of IODP Expedition 320 Sites U1331, U1332, U1333, U1334 as well as ODP Leg 199 Sites 1218, 1219 and 1220. The revised composite records were used to perform a site-to-site correlation and integration of Leg 199 and Exp. 320 sites. Based on this decimeter scale correlation a high resolution integrated paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic framework for the Equatorial Pacific is established covering the time from 20 to 40 Ma. This unprecedented sedimentary compendium from the Equatorial Pacific will be the backbone for paleoceanographic reconstructions for the late Paleogene.