Implications of innovation for inclusive growth: a study of Medellín, Colombia's metro system and integral urban projects

Medellín, Colombia continues to attract global recognition for its evolution from a crimesaturated and desegregated city to an award-winning paragon of innovation. Two innovations in particular, the Metro System & the Integral Urban Projects, have fostered and contributed to Medellín’s inclusive growth, as indicated by a corresponding increase in both social and economic capital. Through a mixed methodology analysis of these two experiences, including participant observation, in-depth interviews with different industry leaders, and household surveys, this thesis explores the extent to which inclusive innovation has contributed to inclusive growth in Medellín. The surveys were distributed to three sensitive neighborhoods of Medellín and apply a Synthesized Framework for measuring inclusive growth, one that includes five indicators for social capital and five indicators for economic capital, emphasizing the importance of progression in both dimensions. By drawing on concepts of inclusivity surfacing more frequently in business lexicon and the emergence of a newly branded Medellín, the findings of this thesis indicates that the implementation of innovations in association with a unified city vision practiced by the local government, corporate and non-profit sector has contributed to achieving inclusive growth, and has left civilians hungry for more.

Henrique Novaes: técnica, território e cidade em uma trajetória profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Projeto de um edifício para fins educacionais com foco na racionalização do consumo de água

The urban growth without the prior infrastructure has caused many environmental impacts such as the damage to quality of the water resources in the cities. Along with natural scarcity in some regions, this is one of the factors that limit the availability of drinking water. As a result, the conservation of drinking water is becoming one of the major concerns in sustainable architectural projects. Within this context, this dissertation proposes to develop the design of an educational building focusing on water consumption rationalization. The proposed project is located in UFRN Campus at Currais Novos, an area of warm and dry climate and low rainfall. The proposal seeks to integrate ways to reduce water consumption o to architecture, in order to exploit the advantages and savings. After quantifying the benefits achieved, it was concluded that it is possible to reduce significantly the drinking water consumption in educational buildings in universities using three principles: reduction the water consumption at the point of use, replacement of the water source and internal recycling. Calculations and simulations indicated that the proposed building may have water consumption up to 56% lower than if it would be provided by conventional facilities. Rationalization of water consumption brings direct and indirect benefits, with influences on the environmental, social and economic fields

Transfer function-noise modeling and spatial interpolation to evaluate the risk of extreme (shallow) water-table levels in the Brazilian Cerrados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biochemical and physiological responses of sugarcane cultivars to soil water deficiencies

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Compostos orgânicos como substratos na formação de mudas de ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia Chrysotricha (Mart. Ex. Dc.) Standl) irrigadas com água residuária

A necessidade de estudar a utilização dos resíduos de podas de árvores é de grande importância ambiental para solucionar os problemas de resíduos sólidos existentes nas áreas urbanas junto com os resíduos de lixos domésticos. O estudo destes materiais foi avaliado com o desenvolvimento de mudas de ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia Chrysotricha (Mart. Ex. Dc.) sandl) em diferentes misturas de substratos e tipos de água para irrigação. O experimento foi instalado no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Foram realizados dois experimentos, avaliados juntamente com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, de oito substratos, duas qualidades de águas e quatro repetições, totalizando 64 parcelas. Cada parcela foi composta por 30 plantas (cinco linhas de seis plantas), sendo consideradas como úteis as três linhas de quatro plantas centrais da parcela. Foram testados oito substratos, resultantes da combinação de substrato comercial, composto de lixo e composto de poda de árvores com dois tipos de água de irrigação (água potável e residuária) e quatro repetições. Para acompanhar o desenvolvimento das mudas de ipê-amarelo, foram avaliados a altura da parte aérea das plantas (H) e o diâmetro do colmo (D). As características foram avaliadas aos 21; 42; 63 e 84 dias após a emergência. da análise dos resultados, possibilitou-se concluir que os substratos estudados promoveram diferenças significativas para a altura média das plantas e o diâmetro de colmo, em todos os períodos de avaliação. Os substratos 4 e 5 e a água residuária apresentaram os melhores resultados no desenvolvimento das mudas de ipê-amarelo.

Formação de mudas de eucalipto com utilização de lixo orgânico e níveis de irrigação calculados por dois métodos

O estudo das características e das possibilidades de utilização de Resíduo Sólido Urbano (R.S.U.) e mais especificamente de Resíduo Sólido Orgânico Urbano (R.S.O.U.), no Brasil e no Mundo, ainda não produziu informações que possibilitem conhecimentos suficientes para tomadas de decisões que estão sendo exigidas, em razão do crescente volume de resíduos produzidos e os impactos ao meio ambiente. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar o efeito da irrigação associada ao uso de R.S.O.U. para formação de mudas de eucalipto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal - SP, sendo adotado como delineamento estatístico o esquema fatorial inteiramente casualizado. Foram utilizados 11 substratos: dois tipos de solos (um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico e um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico), com e sem adubação química, seis misturas de solo e R.S.O.U., e um utilizando somente R.S.O.U. Sementes de eucalipto var. Citriodora Hooker foram semeadas diretamente em topetes e irrigadas com base em dois métodos de quantificação da água evapotranspirada (tanque Classe A e determinação da massa), em quatro níveis (50; 70; 100 e 130% da evapotranspiração). Os dados coletados e analisados estatisticamente demonstraram que doses acima de 20% de R.S.O.U. na mistura, em solos destinados à produção de mudas de eucalipto, causam efeitos negativos na sobrevivência das plantas.

Bovine Biofertilizer and Water Regime Effects on Growth and Bulb Quality of Garlic

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chemical attributes of a degraded soil after application of water treatment sludges

Mining is an activity that tends to degrade the environment. The restoration of mining areas, aims to accelerate and improve the succession process according to its future use. The objective of this work was to rehabilitate a soil degraded by tin mining activities in the Amazon Basin (Jamari National Forest, State of Rondonia) with the application of water treatment sludge (WTS), and verify the effect of Sludge on Values of pH (CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1), organic matter, P, Ca, Mg, K, H+Al, and soil micronutrient contents when Cultivated with native plants, legumes, and grass species. A factorial (3 x 5) experimental design was used to optimize the rehabilitation of these areas including three N rates (100, 200, and 300 mg N ka(-1) soil supplied by WTS), five plant species (grasses, legumes, and native plants), and two controls (degraded soil with no fertilizer and degraded soil fertilized with mineral fertilizers), with four replications. WTS increased pH values. The chemical products used to treat the water contributed, in greater extension, to increase soil Ca and Fe contents. The use of WTS as fertilizer proved viable, since it contains nutrients for plants; however, nitrogen Should not be used as a criterion to define the rate of Sludge application, because it is present at small amounts in the WTS.

Envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de alface

Objetivou-se adequar a metodologia do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de quatro lotes dos genótipos de alface 'Babá de verão', 'Tainá' e 'Vera', aplicando-se o método tradicional e com o uso de solução saturada de NaCl. Para tal, as sementes foram submetidas à determinação do teor de água, testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, condutividade elétrica, emergência em bandeja, índice de velocidade de emergência) incluindo o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, conduzido nos períodos de 24, 48, e 72 horas, a 41°C com e sem solução saturada de NaCl. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os procedimentos tradicional e com o uso da solução saturada de NaCl por 72 horas foram sensíveis em estratificar os lotes em níveis de vigor, além de estarem de acordo com os demais testes utilizados. Portanto, o envelhecimento acelerado de sementes de alface deve ser feito utilizando o período de 72 horas, podendo ser realizado tanto pelo método tradicional quanto pelo método da solução saturada de NaCl.

Substrate and Temperature Effects on the Germination of Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. (Arecaceae) Seeds

Dypsis leptocheilos is highly valued as an ornamental palm. Its propagation is done by seeds; however, there is little information about this process. The objective of this work was to study the substrate and temperature effects on the germination of D. leptocheilos seeds. The experiments were carried out at FCAV/UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. In order to study the substrate effects, four treatments were arranged (coconut fiber, sand, vermiculite and Plantmax (R)) at 30 degrees C. For the temperature effects, six treatments were performed (temperature at laboratory conditions (21.5 degrees C and 72% RU), 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 35 degrees C, 20-30 degrees C and 25-35 degrees C), having the coconut fiber as the substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates of 25 disseminules per plot (seeds with attached endocarp). Water replacement was managed to maintain 100% of the retention capacity of the substrates. The germination tests were observed every two days, and conducted over 148 days for the substrate effects, and over 152 days for the temperature effects, when no more seed germination was noted. In order to determine the germination percentage (% G) and the Germination Speed Index (GSI), the seed was considered germinated when the germinative button appeared. At the end of the experiments, leaf area (cm(2)), root and shoot length (cm), root and shoot dry mass (g) were also obtained. Statistical analysis was performed and means were compared by the Tukey test. Germination rate and speed in coconut fiber was higher at 25 and 30 degrees C. However, when other substrates were tested at 30 degrees C, the highest germination percentage was observed in vermiculite, which also sustained better results for the seed germination and for the characteristics related to shoots and roots.

Soil compaction by machine traffic and least limiting water range related to soybean yield

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)