Global 2009 1km MODIS (MOD35/MOD09) cloud frequency and MOD35 processing path

Identifying cloud interference in satellite-derived data is a critical step toward developing useful remotely sensed products. Most MODIS land products use a combination of the MODIS (MOD35) cloud mask and the 'internal' cloud mask of the surface reflectance product (MOD09) to mask clouds, but there has been little discussion of how these masks differ globally. We calculated global mean cloud frequency for both products, for 2009, and found that inflated proportions of observations were flagged as cloudy in the Collection 5 MOD35 product. These erroneously categorized areas were spatially and environmentally non-random and usually occurred over high-albedo land-cover types (such as grassland and savanna) in several regions around the world. Additionally, we found that spatial variability in the processing path applied in the Collection 5 MOD35 algorithm affects the likelihood of a cloudy observation by up to 20% in some areas. These factors result in abrupt transitions in recorded cloud frequency across landcover and processing-path boundaries impeding their use for fine-scale spatially contiguous modeling applications. We show that together, these artifacts have resulted in significantly decreased and spatially biased data availability for Collection 5 MOD35-derived composite MODIS land products such as land surface temperature (MOD11) and net primary productivity (MOD17). Finally, we compare our results to mean cloud frequency in the new Collection 6 MOD35 product, and find that landcover artifacts have been reduced but not eliminated. Collection 6 thus increases data availability for some regions and land cover types in MOD35-derived products but practitioners need to consider how the remaining artifacts might affect their analysis.

Final country reports from the seven European country groups participating in the 1952 project for young farm leaders and technicians.

With cooperation of U. S. Department of Agriculture and land-grant colleges.

State laws and instream flows /

Mode of access: Internet.

Vistas of Hawaii, "the Paradise of the Pacific and Inferno of the world."

Mode of access: Internet.

Refining Child Pornography Law : Crime, Language, and Social Consequences /

The legal definition of child pornography is, at best, unclear. In part because of this ambiguity and in part because of the nature of the crime itself, the prosecution and sentencing of perpetrators, the protection of and restitution for victims, and the means for preventing repeat offenses are deeply controversial. In an effort to clarify the questions and begin to formulate answers, in this volume, experts in law, sociology, and social examine child pornography law and its consequences. Focusing on the roles of language and crime definition, the contributors present a range of views about the increasingly visible role that child pornography plays in the national conversation on child safety, as well as the wisdom of the punishment of those who produce, distribute, and possess materials which may be considered child pornography.

Geology for planning in Winnebago and Boone counties : workshop /

"Conducted by the Illinois State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Boone County Board, Winnebago County Board, Boone County Soil and Water Conservation District, Winnebage County Soil and Water Conservation District and Rock Valley College."

Report and accompanying documents of the Virginia commissioners appointed to ascertain the boundary line between Maryland and Virginia

"Gov. Tazewell's manuscript": p. 264-283 of Appendix.

Crop report and related data, Federal reclamation projects.

Vols. for 1954-68 accompanied by a separately paged statistical appendix.

The Conterminous United States Mineral-Resource Assessment Program : background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Rolla 1⁰ x 2⁰ quadrangle, Missouri /

Mode of access: Internet.

Annual Report and Roster

Mode of access: Internet.

Assessment of effects of altered stream flow characteristics on fish and wildlife.

Performed for the Western Energy and Land Use Team, Office of Biological Services, Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Dept. of the Interior.