Kinetic characteristics of the interaction between morphine and its antibody by SPR competitive immunoassay

It is impossible for surface plasmon resonance to measure directly the binding kinetics between a low-molecular-weight analyte interacting and its immobilized binding partner. Solution competition method was applied to the kinetic study of the interaction between morphine and its antibody. The affinity constant between the antibody of morphine and morphine-BSA immobilized on the sensor chip was also obtained. The result showed that the affinity of polyclonal antibody is stronger than that of monoclonal antibody. And it also indicated that the protein combined with the analyte affected the binding of antibody to antigen.

Luminescence of RE2+ (RE = Sm, Yb) in barium octoborate

The reduction process from trivalent to divalent state for Sm3+ and Yb3+ ions in barium berates (BaB8O13) prepared in air was observed. The luminescence properties of these divalent rare-earth ions were studied. Yb2+ shows an f-d broad emission band, due to the 4f(14) --> 4f(13)5d transition, while the Sm2+ ion shows an f --> f transition. From the spectra of Yb2+, and using the D-5(0) --> F-7(0) transition of Sm2+ as a structural probe, two crystallographic sites were found to be available for the cations in the host. Vibronic transitions of Sm2+ were observed at low temperature. BaB8O13 was found to be a good host for reducing the trivalent rare-earth ions to divalent state and to exhibit interesting spectroscopic properties,

Subtropical dipole mode in the Southern Hemisphere: A global view

A global wavenumber-3 dipole SST mode is showed to exist in the Southern Hemisphere subtropical climate variability in austral summer. A positive (negative) phase of the mode is characterized by cool (warm) SST anomalies in the east and warm (cool) SST anomalies in the southwest of the south Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, respectively. This coherent dipole structure is largely a response of ocean mixed layer to the atmospheric forcing characterized by migration and modulation of the subtropical high-pressures, in which the latent heat flux play a leading role through wind-induced evaporation, although ocean dynamics may also be crucial in forming SST anomalies attached to the continents. Exploratory analyses suggest that this mode is strongly damped by the negative heat flux feedback, with a persistence time about three months and no spectral peak at interannual to decadal time scales. As the subtropical dipole mode is linearly independent of ENSO and SAM, whether it represents an additional source of climate predictability should be further studied. Citation: Wang, F. (2010), Subtropical dipole mode in the Southern Hemisphere: A global view, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10702, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042750.

三角洲储层孔隙结构模型与剩余油分布研究——以临南油田沙河街组储层为例

The study of pore structure in reservoir was paid attention to in the early reservoir research and now a systematic research methodology is set up. On the limits of tools and conditions, methodologies and technologies on formation condition and distribution laws of pore structure and the relationship between remaining oil distribution and pore structure are uncertain and some knownage about it is also uncertain. As the development of petroleum industry, the characterization of pore structure and the prediction of remaining oil are the hot spot and difficult point in the research of oil development. The author pays a close attention to this subject and has done much research on it. In a case study in Linnan oilfield Huimin sag Jiyang Depression Bohai Bay basin by using a new method, named varied scale comprehensive modeling of pore structure, the author builds pore structure models for delta reservoir, reveals the remaining oil distribution laws in delta facies, and predicts the distribution of remaining oil in Linnan oilfield. By the application of stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure geology. the author reveals the genetic types of sandbody and its distribution laws, builds the reservoir geological models for delta sandstone reservoir in Shahejie group in Linnan oilfield and points out the geological Factors that control the development of pores and throats. Combining petrology and the reservoir sensitive analysis, the author builds the rock matrix models. It is the first time to state that rocks in different sentimental micro facies have different sensitive .response to fluid pressed into the rocks. Normally. the reservoirs in the delta front have weaker sensitivity to fluid than the reservoirs in delta plain, In same subfacies, the microfacies that have fine grain, such as bank and crevasse splay, have stronger reservoir sensitivity than the microfacies that have coarse grains, such as under-water branched channel and debauch bar. By the application of advanced testing, such as imagine analysis, scan electronic microscope, and morphology method, the author classifies the pore structure and set up the distribution models of pore, throat and pore structure. By the application of advanced theory in well-logging geology, the author finds the relationship between microscope pore structure and macroscopic percolation characteristics, and then builds the well-logging interpretation formulae for calculating pore structure parameters. By using the geostatistics methods, the author reveals the spatial correlative characteristics of pore structure. By application of conditional stochastic simulation methods, the author builds the 3D models of pore structure in delta reservoir. It is the base of predicting remaining oil distribution. By a great deal of experiments and theoretical deduction, The author expounds the laws of percolation flow in different pore structures, and the laws by which the pore structure controls the micro distribution of remaining oil, and then, states the micro mechanism of remaining oil distribution. There are two types of remaining oil. They are by-pass flow caused by micro-fingering and truncation caused by non-piston movement. By new method, the author states the different pore structure has different replacement efficiency, reveals the formation condition and distribution laws of remaining oil. predicts the remaining oil distribution in Linnan oil field, and put forward some idea about how to adjust the oil production. The study yielded good results in the production in Linnan oilfield.

南海北部大陆边缘盆地热演化史及其与油气关系

This thesis focuses on the present-day thermal field features, evolution and their connections to hydrocarbon generation of the three continental margin basins-the Yinggehai (Yingge Sea), Qiongdongnan(southeast Qiong), and Pear River Mouth basins-in northern South China Sea, based on available data from drillings, loggings, seismic cross-sections, BHTs, thermal indicators (Ro%, inclusion, etc) and geopressure measurements. After studying of present-day distribution of geothermal field and thermal disturbance of fluid in the sedimentary strata, the author discovered that the distribution of gas fields in Yinggehai Basin are closely related to the distribution of anomalously high thermal gradient area, whereas it is not the case for the Pear River Mouse Basin. And detailed processing of the fluid inclusion data indicates that geothermal fluids activated frequently in this area, and they may mainly be derived upward from the overpressure and hydrocarbon-generating beds, 3000-4500 m in depth. Therefore, the abnormal gradients in sedimentary beds were mainly caused by the active geothermal fluids related to hydrocarbon migrating and accumulating in this area. Because of the effect of overpressure retarding on vitrinite reflectance, the thermal indicators for thermal history reconstruction should be assessed before put into use. Although some factors, such as different types of kerogen, heating ratio, activities of thermal fluids and overpressure, may have effects on the vitrinite reflectance, under the circumstance that thermal fluids and overpressure co-exist, overpressure retarding is dominant. And the depth and correction method of overpressure retarding were also determined in this paper. On the basis of reviewing the methods of thermal history studies as well as existing problems, the author believes that the combination of thermal-indicator-inversion and tectono-thermal modeling is an effective method of the thermal history reconstruction for sedimentary basins. Also, a software BaTherMod for modeling thermal history of basins was successfully developed in this work. The Yinggehai Basin has been active since Tertiary, and this was obviously due to its tectonic position-the plate transition zone. Under the background of high thermal flow, long-term quick subsidence and fluid activities were the main reasons that lead to high temperature and overpressure in this basin. The Zhujiangkou Basin, a Tertiary fault-basin within the circum-Pacific tectonic realm, was tectonically controlled by the motion of the Pacific Plate and resembles the other petroliferous basins in eastern China. This basin developed early, and characterized intensive extension in the early stage and weak activity in the later stage of its development. Whereas the Qiongdongnan Basin was in a weak extension early and intensity of extension increased gradually. The relative geographical locations and the extensional histories of three basins ilustrate that the northern continental margin of South China Sea spread from south to north. On the other hand, the Qiongdongnan and Yinggehai Basins may have been controlled by the same tectonic regime since later Tertiary, whereas the Zhujiangkou Basin was not meaningfully influenced. So, the tectono-thermal evolution character of the Qiongdonnan basin should be closely to the other two. It may be concluded that the three basins have been developed within the active continental margin since Tertiary, and the local lithosphere might undergo intensive extension-perhaps two or three times of episodic extension occurred. Extension lead to large tectonoc subsidence and extreme thick Tertiary sediments for hydrocarbon generation in the basins. In response to the periodic extension of the basins, the palaeothermal flow were also periodical. The three basins all have the characteristics of multi-phase thermal evolutions that is good for oil-gas generation. And the overpressure expands the depth range of oil-gas habitat, which is meaningful to petroleum exploration in this region.

湖泊沉积物碳氧同位素和介形虫Li/Ca比值与古环境重建

了解过去是认识现在和预测未来的基础。晚全新世是PAGES研究的目标时段之一。寻找和解译最近2000年连续、高分辨率自然记录是古气候研究的热点与难点。本项研究有针对性地选择程海、草海和青海湖开展湖泊沉积物环境记录的精细研究，结合14C、210Pb和137Cs定年，系统探讨了碳酸盐碳氧同位素、纤维素碳氧同位素、有机质碳同位素以及介形虫壳体Li/Ca比值指标的古环境指示意义。 通过研究，本论文取得了如下成果和新的认识： 1. 建立了一套有效的四阶段湖泊沉积物有机质纤维素提取方法（5%NaOH碱洗、5%HCl酸洗、亚氯酸钠和冰醋酸混合溶液漂白以及17.5%NaOH碱洗），红外光谱鉴定提取物为纯的α-纤维素，表明该实验方法是可行的，为今后广泛开展湖泊沉积物纤维素稳定同位素研究打下了坚实基础。 2. 多指标综合辨识了程海和草海沉积物碳酸盐主要是自生碳酸盐。程海和草海沉积物有机质C/N比值结合有机质碳同位素结果表明两湖的有机质分别源于水生植物藻类和大型水草。程海和草海沉积物碳酸盐含量主要反映了湖区温度的变化。 3. 程海、草海沉积物碳酸盐与青海湖沉积物介形虫壳体氧同位素组成均反映了湖区降水/蒸发比。降水/蒸发比大的湿润期，碳酸盐δ18O值小；降水/蒸发比小的干旱期，碳酸盐δ18O值大。程海沉积物碳酸盐碳同位素组成影响因素复杂，除了受大气与湖水之间的CO2交换影响外，还受水生植物光合/吸收作用的影响；草海沉积物碳酸盐碳同位素组成更大的变化范围，反映了湖区水生植物光合/吸收作用的影响，其异常的正值可能指示了湖区细菌参与有机质碳同位素分馏过程。 4. 利用草海沉积物有机质纤维素氧同位素定量恢复了湖水氧同位素组成变化。在此基础上，结合碳酸盐氧同位素组成初步恢复了草海地区过去500年来温度变化历史：草海地区在过去500年明显存在四个冷期，包括1550－1610年，1670－1730年，1770－1870年和1890－1920年冷期，其中前三个发生在传统意义上的现代小冰期时段。与其它记录研究结果的一致性表明纤维素氧同位素结合碳酸盐氧同位素是恢复古温度变化的最有效途径之一，同时也为现代小冰期在中国西南地区的存在提供了湖泊沉积学方面的证据。 5. 不同类型水生植物湖泊，湖泊沉积物有机质δ13C值对湖泊初级生产力变化的响应过程不同。大型水草为主的湖泊（草海），其沉积物有机质δ13C值随湖泊生产力的增大呈现增加的变化趋势；藻类为主的湖泊（程海），其沉积物有机质δ13C随湖泊生产力的增大呈现减小的变化趋势，藻类易降解是导致δ13C值随湖泊生产力的增大呈现减小变化趋势的主要原因。 6. 程海沉积物碳酸盐和有机质碳同位素组成的正相关变化以及草海沉积物碳酸盐和有机质碳同位素组成的负相关变化.表明湖泊生产力变化并不是导致碳酸盐和有机质碳同位素正相关变化的主要原因，湖泊水生植物类型以及湖泊大小均起着重要作用。湖泊沉积物碳酸盐与有机质之间的碳同位素分馏（△δ13C）是一种有效的湖泊生产力指示剂，即使是在有微生物参与有机质碳同位素分馏过程的草海，△δ13C值也反映了湖泊生产力的变化过程。 7. 青海湖沉积物单一种属介形虫壳体胖真星介（Eucypris inflata）Li/Ca比值与气象记录以及邻近地区都兰和祁连山树轮宽度指数恢复的古温度变化序列的对比研究揭示，介形虫壳体Li/Ca比值与温度呈明显的负相关变化（Li/Ca比值高，温度低；Li/Ca比值低，温度高），表明介形虫壳体Li/Ca比值是一种有效的古温度代用指标。 8. 青海湖沉积物单一种属介形虫壳体胖真星介（Eucypris inflata）Li/Ca比值、氧同位素与反映太阳活动的大气14C含量和冰芯10Be含量的一致性变化表明青海湖地区温度和降雨量的同步变化主要受太阳活动控制。

Metaphorizing the Holocaust: The Ethics for Comparison

This paper focuses on the ethics of metaphor and other forms of comparison that invoke National Socialism and the Holocaust. It seeks to answer the question: Are there criteria on the basis of which we can judge whether metaphors and associated tropes “use” the Holocaust appropriately? In analyzing the thrust and workings of such comparisons, the paper also seeks to identify and clarify the terminology and concepts that allow productive discussion. In line with its conception of metaphor that is also rhetorical praxis, the paper focuses on specific controversies involving the metaphorization of the Holocaust, primarily in Germany and Austria. The paper develops its argument through the following process. First, it examines the rhetorical/political contexts in which claims of the Holocaust’s comparability (or incomparability) have been raised. Second, it presents a review (and view) of the nature of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. It applies this framework to (a) comparisons of Saddam Hussein with Hitler in Germany in 1991; (b) the controversies surrounding the 2004 poster exhibition “The Holocaust on Your Plate” in Germany and Austria, with particular emphasis on the arguments and decisions in cases before the courts in those countries; and (c) the invocation of “Auschwitz” as metonym and synecdoche. These examples provide the basis for a discussion of the ethics of comparison. In its third and final section the paper argues that metaphor is by nature duplicitous, but that ethical practice involving Holocaust comparisons is possible if one is self-aware and sensitive to the necessity of seeing the “other” as oneself. The ethical framework proposed by the paper provides the basis for evaluationg the specific cases adduced.

The pastor's missionary manual.

Boston University Theology Library

The Missionary pioneer, or, A brief memoir of the life, labours, and death of John Stewart, (man of colour) founder, under God of the mission among the Wyandotts at Upper Sandusky, Ohio / Published by Joseph Mitchell.

http://www.archive.org/details/missionarypionee00stewrich

An Omniscient Scheduling Oracle for Systems with Harmonic Periods

Most real-time scheduling problems are known to be NP-complete. To enable accurate comparison between the schedules of heuristic algorithms and the optimal schedule, we introduce an omniscient oracle. This oracle provides schedules for periodic task sets with harmonic periods and variable resource requirements. Three different job value functions are described and implemented. Each corresponds to a different system goal. The oracle is used to examine the performance of different on-line schedulers under varying loads, including overload. We have compared the oracle against Rate Monotonic Scheduling, Statistical Rate Monotonic Scheduling, and Slack Stealing Job Admission Control Scheduling. Consistently, the oracle provides an upper bound on performance for the metric under consideration.

Foreground Object Segmentation from Binocular Stereo Video

Moving cameras are needed for a wide range of applications in robotics, vehicle systems, surveillance, etc. However, many foreground object segmentation methods reported in the literature are unsuitable for such settings; these methods assume that the camera is fixed and the background changes slowly, and are inadequate for segmenting objects in video if there is significant motion of the camera or background. To address this shortcoming, a new method for segmenting foreground objects is proposed that utilizes binocular video. The method is demonstrated in the application of tracking and segmenting people in video who are approximately facing the binocular camera rig. Given a stereo image pair, the system first tries to find faces. Starting at each face, the region containing the person is grown by merging regions from an over-segmented color image. The disparity map is used to guide this merging process. The system has been implemented on a consumer-grade PC, and tested on video sequences of people indoors obtained from a moving camera rig. As can be expected, the proposed method works well in situations where other foreground-background segmentation methods typically fail. We believe that this superior performance is partly due to the use of object detection to guide region merging in disparity/color foreground segmentation, and partly due to the use of disparity information available with a binocular rig, in contrast with most previous methods that assumed monocular sequences.

Cryptographic coprocessors for embedded systems

In the field of embedded systems design, coprocessors play an important role as a component to increase performance. Many embedded systems are built around a small General Purpose Processor (GPP). If the GPP cannot meet the performance requirements for a certain operation, a coprocessor can be included in the design. The GPP can then offload the computationally intensive operation to the coprocessor; thus increasing the performance of the overall system. A common application of coprocessors is the acceleration of cryptographic algorithms. The work presented in this thesis discusses coprocessor architectures for various cryptographic algorithms that are found in many cryptographic protocols. Their performance is then analysed on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform. Firstly, the acceleration of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithms is investigated through the use of instruction set extension of a GPP. The performance of these algorithms in a full hardware implementation is then investigated, and an architecture for the acceleration the ECC based digital signature algorithm is developed. Hash functions are also an important component of a cryptographic system. The FPGA implementation of recent hash function designs from the SHA-3 competition are discussed and a fair comparison methodology for hash functions presented. Many cryptographic protocols involve the generation of random data, for keys or nonces. This requires a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) to be present in the system. Various TRNG designs are discussed and a secure implementation, including post-processing and failure detection, is introduced. Finally, a coprocessor for the acceleration of operations at the protocol level will be discussed, where, a novel aspect of the design is the secure method in which private-key data is handled

Immunomodulatory effects exerted by Lactobacillus salivarius strains on innate immune cells

Despite increased application of commensal bacteria for attempting to improve the symptoms of a variety of inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases, diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome, therapeutic approaches that involve live bacteria are hampered by a limited understanding of bacterium-host interactions. Lactobacilli are natural inhabitants of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and many lactobacilli are regarded as probiotics meaning that they exert a beneficial influence on the health status of their consumers. Modulation of immune responses is a plausible mechanism underlying these beneficial effects. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of 33 Lactobacillus salivarius strains on the production of inflammatory cytokines from a variety of human and mouse immune cells. Induction of immune responses in vitro was shown to be bacterial- and mouse strain-dependent, cell type-dependent, blood donor-dependent and bacterial cell number-dependent. Collectively, these data suggest the importance of a case-by-case selection of candidate strains for their potential therapeutic application. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and play a critical role in shaping microbial-specific innate and adaptive immune responses. Following ligand engagement, TLRs trigger a complex network of signalling that culminate in the production of inflammatory mediators. The investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the Lb. salivarius-host interaction resulted in the identification of a novel role for TLR2 in negatively regulating TLR4 signalling originated from subcellular compartments within macrophages. Notably, sustained activation of JAK/STAT cascade and M1-signature genes in TLR2-/- macrophages was ablated by selective TLR4 and JAK inhibitors and by absence of TLR4 in TLR2/4-/- cells. In addition, other negative regulators of TLR signalling triggered by Lb. salivarius strains were found to be the adapter molecules TIRAP and TRIF. Understanding negative regulation of TLR signalling may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutics to limit inflammation in multiple diseases.