Kinetic energy and charge state effects in the X-ray emission of Mo surface induced by Xeq+ (q=25, 29) ions

L-shell X-ray spectra of Mo surface induced by Xe25+ and Xe29+ were measured. The X-ray intensity was obtained in the kinetic energy range of the incident ions from 350 to 600 keV. The relationship of X-ray intensity with kinetic energy of the projectile and its charge state were studied, and the simple explanation was given.

STUDIES FOR THE EQUATION OF STATE IN THE ISOSPIN ASYMMETRICAL NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS

In order to determine the equation of state in the isospin asymmetrical nuclear interactions, we have found the observables for extracting the information of them within the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics in recent years. The several sensitive probes for extracting the information of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section and the symmetry potential have found; meanwhile, their mechanisms are investigated in more details. The main point in this paper gives the summary for above probes and their outlook in the future.

Possible probe on the momentum dependent interaction in the equation of state of nuclear matter

The effects of momentum dependent interaction on the kinetic energy spectrum of the neutron-proton ratio r(b)(E-k) in the equation of state of nuclear matter was investigated. We found that the kinetic energy spectrum of the neutron-proton ratio r(b)(E-k) depends sensitively on the momentum dependent interaction and weakly on the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section and symmetry potential so that the r(b) (E-k) is a sensitive physical probe for extracting the information of momentum dependent interaction in the heavy ion collisions. At the same time, the comparing investigate between r(b)(E-k) for the neutron-rich collision system and the same mass stable collision system gives a important judgment for extracting the information of momentum dependent interaction in the heavy ion collisions.

核物质状态方程中动量相关作用可能的探针；Possible probe on the momentum dependent interaction in the equation of state of nuclear matter

研究了动量相关作用对于中子-质子比动能谱rb(Ek)的效应,发现rb(Ek)灵敏的依赖于动量相关作用而弱的依赖于介质中核子-核子碰撞截面和对称势.因此rb(Ek)是提取重离子碰撞中动量相关作用信息的可能探针.同时,对于丰中子弹核和相同质量稳定弹核在相同入射道条件下,丰中子碰撞系统明显加强了动量相关作用对rb(Ek)的效应.故两个碰撞系统rb(Ek)结果的比较为在重离子碰撞中提取动量相关作用的知识提供了另一个重要的判据。

Crystal structure and morphology of phenyl-capped tetraaniline in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state

A series of crystals of phenyl-capped tetraaniline in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state were obtained at different isothermal temperatures and were observed directly under transmission electron microscope. The crystals obtained at higher temperatures exhibit more perfect structures than those obtained at lower temperatures. Both the lamella thickness and the crystal size increase with crystallization temperature. The tetraaniline is apt to form larger scale crystals under lower degree of supercooling. However, their crystal structures keep steady with the crystallization temperature. The tetramer was found to adopt a monoclinic lattice with unit cell parameter of a = 13.93 angstrom, b = 8.82 angstrom, c = 23.20 angstrom, and beta = 95.03 degrees, as determined using electron diffraction tilting method combined with wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiment.

Study of PVT behavior of biaxially oriented polypropylene resins in the melting state

The PVT data of five kinds of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) Resins was measured by the PVT-100 apparatus. Thermal expansion coefficients (alpha) and isothermal compressibility (beta) were evaluated from Tait equation in the melting state and then compared with those fitted with the value of experiment. The results showed that it was reasonable to calculate alpha and beta with Tait equation in the melting state. At the same time, it was found that thermal expansion coefficients, isothermal compressibility and the melting temperature (T-m) of one of BOPP melts (S28C) were lower than those of the others in the same test conditions, indicating that the volume deformation of S28C resin is' less so that it could be realized to avoid arising surface defects of the film (biaxially oriented polypropylene film) due to. contracting, thereby decrease damage to the film in the subsequence process. Accordingly superior processing properties of S28C resin are confirmed from PVT. speciality.

Synthesis of monodisperse pheyl-capped oligoaniline pentamer and hexamer in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state and EB state and its UV studies

Aniline pentamer and hexamer in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state were synthesized through a novel method. The method was accomplished by the reaction of parent aniline tetramer in the pernigraniline oxidation state with diphenylamine and N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state respectively. The oligomers in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state were characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis and MALDI-MS. Aniline pentamer and hexamer in the emeraldine oxidation state were synthesized by the oxidation of Ag2O in DMF. It was found that some fragmentation occurred when the pentamer and hexamer were oxidized by (NH4)(2)S2O8 and FeCl3. 6H(2)O. The pentamer and hexamer in the emeraldine oxidation state was studied by UV/Vis spectra. The relative intensity of exciton peak for pentaaniline showed a little increase compared with that of hexaaniline.

MOLECULAR-STATE OF GRAFT-COPOLYMERS IN THE INTERFACIAL AREA OF POLYOLEFIN AND POLAR POLYMER

In order to characterize the interface in polymer blends, a new method is suggested, in which the interface is exposed by selectively dissolving in solvent. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, we studied the molecular state in the interfacial ar

NORMAL COORDINATE TREATMENT OF LEU(5)-ENKEPHALIN IN THE CRYSTAL-STATE

Vibrational studies on the neuropentapeptide Leu5-enkephalin were performed for the crystal state where different specific conformations can arise. In the present case, the peptide adopts a double fused folded conformation (beta-turn), the presence of which in the crystal state is directly related to the nature of the solvent used for its crystallization. This study completes other work relating to similar conformations of isolated molecules. It can be seen that specific interactions in the crystal state perturb to a large extent the vibrational relationships between the amide frequencies and the specific sets of dihedral angles characteristic of the particular type of turn. The tyrosyl moiety and its frequency dependence on its hydrogen bond state was especially investigated both for the Fermi resonance and the hydroxyl bending modes.

APPLICATION OF ULTRAMICROELECTRODES IN STUDIES OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS .3. THE CONDITION FOR QUASI-1ST AND 2ND-ORDER HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS AT ULTRAMICRODISK ELECTRODES IN THE STEADY-STATE

The conditions for quasi-first and second order homogeneous catalytic reactions and their variation with each other at an ultramicrodisk electrode in the steady state are discussed in this paper. The order of reaction can be controlled by changing the dimension of the ultramicroelectrode: the second order reaction can be changed to quasi-first by decreasing the dimension of the ultramicroelectrode. An example of this is given. The main factor effect on the reaction order is the dimension of the ultramicroelectrode. The K4Fe(CN)6-aminopyrine system is selected to confirm the theory, the experiments showing that the system is a second order reaction at a 432 mum microelectrode, and a quasi-first order reaction at a 19 mum ultramicroelectrode. The kinetic constant of the system can be determined by applying the previous theory of homogeneous catalytic reaction.

Evidences of the intertidal red alga Grateloupia turuturu in turning Vibrio parahaemolyticus into non-culturable state in the presence of light

Grateloupia turuturu, previously known as Grateloupia doryphora, has been widely reported to be an invasive algal species. There are no studies to relate the impact of its existence on its surrounding environment. In this paper, we present our results to show that about 70% of individuals collected from the field could turn Vibrio parahaemolyticus into non-culturable state on both selective (TCBS) and non-selective (2216E) culture medium in 24 h in the presence of light in live algal culture. Total bacteria counts on TCBS and 2216E plates dropped from the initial 565 (174) and 1192 (60) cfu ml(-1) respectively to zero in 24 h. This effect disappeared when the alga was grown in darkness. The same effect was not found in two other intertidal macroalgae Laminaria japonica and Palmaria palmata. Further tests showed that the settlement ability of bacteria in seawater was impaired significantly in the presence of this alga in comparison with three other algal species. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.