Ciberdelincuencia. Desarrollo y persecución tecnológica

Cada día nos acercamos más a un mundo globalizado, en que Internet está marcando el paso. Este proyecto fin de carrera es una foto del estado actual de la ciberdelincuencia. La ciberdelincuencia y el ciberdelito son conceptos que difieren depende de quién los defina, en este proyecto vemos algunas de estas definiciones y los diferentes tipos de ciberdelito. También intenta hacer un pronóstico razonado de lo que será el ciberdelito en los próximos años. El proyecto hace un recorrido por la jurisprudencia y cómo los estados intentan luchar contra ella y ajustar su legislación al momento actual. Destacando además la problemática de perseguir delitos que se producen en distintos países y en los que en muchos casos el delincuente se encuentra en un país diferente de la víctima. Hace un recorrido por quien o puede ser víctima del ciberdelito, viendo como están aumentando las víctimas potenciales gracias a la gran penetración de Internet debida a la proliferación de los dispositivos móviles. También cómo se están estableciendo mecanismos a nivel mundial de colaboración entre estados, tanto a nivel policial y judicial como de investigación y desarrollo. Los ciberdelincuentes aprovechan las características implícitas de Internet, buscando ocultarse, por ello se dedica un capítulo de este proyecto a las principales redes de ocultación, conocidas como redes oscuras. En esta parte se hace especial hincapié en el uso de la red TOR, principal medio de ocultación a nivel mundial, y cómo funciona técnicamente, ya que sus definiciones y protocolos son conocidos al ser software libre. Una vez conocido que ciberdelitos hay y como se producen, recorremos los distintos medios para la defensa y mitigación de los distintos ataques, esta parte del proyecto intenta desde un punto técnico acercarnos a lo que podemos hacer para defendernos, aunque algunos de los ataques son prácticamente imposibles de perseguir. Además de ver cómo defendernos de los posibles ataques dirigidos vemos cómo proteger las comunicaciones, a través principalmente, del cifrado de todo lo que enviamos a través de Internet. ABSTRACT. Every day we are moving to a global world, Internet is leading this change. This thesis end of grade is a picture of the current state of the cybercrime. Cybercrime is a concept that differ depending on who is defining it. This document shows some of these definitions and the different types of cybercrime. Also it tries to make a reasoned forecast about the cybercrime in the near future. The document run through the jurisprudence and how the states tries to adjust its legislation to the current moment. Emphasizing the problematic to prosecute crimes that are committed in different countries and crimes of which the cybercriminal is in a different country to the victim. In addition, the document define who may be a victim of cybercrime and how the number of potential victims are increasing because of the growth of the Internet penetration rate due to the proliferation of mobile devices. Also it shows how the worldwide mechanisms are being established to collaborate among states on police and judicial context, and also on the research and development. Cybercriminals exploit the characteristics of the Internet to hide from police, a chapter of this thesis talks about the nets known as darknets. This part emphasis on the use of the TOR network and how it works technically. TOR is the main net to communicate on the Internet anonymously. We can know how it works because it is free software and the specifications are public. Once that we know how the cybercrime work and how many types are, we study the different ways to defense and mitigate the effects of attacks. In this part of the thesis we approach what we can do to defend our systems with technical perspective, even if some of attacks are impossible to pursue. Also, we explain how to keep our communications private, mainly though the encrypting methods when we transmit data over the Internet.

Redes VSAT con el estándar DVB-S

Actualmente las redes VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) están adquiriendo una mayor importancia en las comunicaciones por satélite debido a las nuevas aplicaciones que se están desarrollando tanto a nivel empresarial como a nivel de usuario final. El presente proyecto pretende hacer un estudio de este tipo de red para presentarla como una solución al problema de querer conectar estaciones dispersas, que por el perfil del terreno hace difícil la conexión de las mismas a través de las redes terrestres convencionales. Los nuevos estándares están haciendo que este tipo de redes proliferen muy deprisa ya que se consigue una mayor flexibilidad que con los estándares precedentes para este tipo de red. En concreto, en este proyecto se ha estudiado el estándar abierto DVB-S desarrollado por el grupo de trabajo DVB por ser uno de los más aceptado internacionalmente. Para comprender este sistema de comunicaciones, el proyecto está estructurado en dos partes. En la primera parte se hace una revisión de cómo han evolucionado las comunicaciones satelitales VSAT, indicando las ventajas y desventajas de su implementación y sobre todo la orientación que éstas muestran a la utilización de los estándares DVB. Posteriormente se realiza un estudio de los estándares DVB-S y DVBRCS en donde se profundiza en conceptos claves tales como el Multiplexado de Transporte MPEG-2, los mecanismos de envío de mensajes de señalización, etc. En la segunda parte del proyecto se presta atención a la seguridad de la red, analizando los mecanismos propios que presenta el estándar DVB así como los diferentes protocolos de seguridad existentes en las capas superiores para una protección adicional. Para concluir el proyecto se han creado dos aplicaciones, la primera como método didáctico para comprender mejor el comportamiento de las redes VSAT con el estándar DVB-S, y una segunda aplicación con carácter comercial para la transferencia de ficheros de manera segura con características específicas, enfocada particularmente en redes VSAT, aunque siendo posible su uso en otras redes. ABSTRACT. Nowadays VSAT networks (Very Small Aperture Terminal) are becoming more important in satellite communications, due to several new applications that are being developed both at company level and end user level. This project aims to make a study of this type of network to present it as a solution to the problem of wanting to connect scattered stations, because the terrain profile makes difficult to connect them via conventional terrestrial networks. New standards are making that such networks proliferate very quickly for the reason that a more flexibility than the previous standards for this type of network is achieved. Specifically, this project has studied the open standard DVB-S developed by the DVB workgroup as one of the most internationally accepted. To understand this communication system, this project is structured in two different parts: On one hand, in the first part a review about how VSAT satellite communications have evolved, indicating the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation and above all, the guidance that they show to the use of the DVB standards. Subsequently, a study of the DVB-S and DVB-RCS standards is developed, where delves into key concepts such as MPEG-2 Multiplexed Transport, mechanisms of transmission of signaling messages, etc. On the other hand, in the second part of the project, we focus on network security, analyzing the mechanisms presented by the DVB standard and various existing security protocols in the upper layers for an extra protection. To complete the project two different applications have been developed: the first one as a teaching method to better understand the behavior of VSAT networks in DVB-S standard, and the second one with a commercial basis for transferring files securely with specific features applications focused particularly in VSAT networks, although with a possible use on other networks.

Glucose-Insulin regulator for type 1 diabetes using high order neural networks

In this paper a Glucose-Insulin regulator for Type 1 Diabetes using artificial neural networks (ANN) is proposed. This is done using a discrete recurrent high order neural network in order to identify and control a nonlinear dynamical system which represents the pancreas? beta-cells behavior of a virtual patient. The ANN which reproduces and identifies the dynamical behavior system, is configured as series parallel and trained on line using the extended Kalman filter algorithm to achieve a quickly convergence identification in silico. The control objective is to regulate the glucose-insulin level under different glucose inputs and is based on a nonlinear neural block control law. A safety block is included between the control output signal and the virtual patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Simulations include a period of three days. Simulation results are compared during the overnight fasting period in Open-Loop (OL) versus Closed- Loop (CL). Tests in Semi-Closed-Loop (SCL) are made feedforward in order to give information to the control algorithm. We conclude the controller is able to drive the glucose to target in overnight periods and the feedforward is necessary to control the postprandial period.

Personalisation of intelligent homecare services adapted to children with motor impairments

Ambient Intelligence could support innovative application domains like motor impairments' detection at the home environment. This research aims to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders through the natural interaction of the children with embedded intelligence daily life objects, like home furniture and toys. Designed system uses an interoperable platform to provide two intelligent interrelated home healthcare services: monitoring of children¿s abilities and completion of early stimulation activities. A set of sensors, which are embedded within the rooms, toys and furniture, allows private data gathering about the child's interaction with the environment. This information feeds a reasoning subsystem, which encloses an ontology of neurodevelopment items, and adapts the service to the age and acquisition of expected abilities. Next, the platform proposes customized stimulation services by taking advantage of the existing facilities at the child's environment. The result integrates Embedded Sensor Systems for Health at Mälardalen University with UPM Smart Home, for adapted services delivery.

A supervised cooperative learning system for early detection of language disorders

The Quality of Life of a person may depend on early attention to his neurodevel-opment disorders in childhood. Identification of language disorders under the age of six years old can speed up required diagnosis and/or treatment processes. This paper details the enhancement of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) aimed to assist pediatricians and language therapists at early identification and re-ferral of language disorders. The system helps to fine tune the Knowledge Base of Language Delays (KBLD) that was already developed and validated in clinical routine with 146 children. Medical experts supported the construction of Gades CDSS by getting scientific consensus from literature and fifteen years of regis-tered use cases of children with language disorders. The current research focuses on an innovative cooperative model that allows the evolution of the KBLD of Gades through the supervised evaluation of the CDSS learnings with experts¿ feedback. The deployment of the resulting system is being assessed under a mul-tidisciplinary team of seven experts from the fields of speech therapist, neonatol-ogy, pediatrics, and neurology.

Confidence: dependencies and their critical role in fostering user acceptance in pervasive applications

Pervasive computing offers new scenarios where users are surrounded by invisible and proactive technology making smart spaces. Although the utility and power of solutions developed using this computer paradigm are proved, there are unresolved problems that hinder their acceptance and inclusion in our private life. Users have problems understanding the operations of a pervasive computing solution, and therefore they should trust that the solution works properly and according to their expectations. Nevertheless, the concept of trust is already framed in a specific use within the ecosystem of applications that can populate a smart space. To take this concept of trust to the whole space, we propose to study and define the concept of confidence. In contrast to the concept of trust, confidence has deeper psychological implications.

Descripción del horizonte acústico mediante métodos de evaluación subjetiva en la catedral de Toledo

Se tiene evidencia de que en el pasado, en las catedrales, se realizaban simultáneamente diferentes actividades. El proyecto trata de definir las áreas de la Catedral de Toledo en las cuales se considera escucha aceptable, cuando se están produciendo varias actividades simultáneamente a partir de un test de escucha de evaluación subjetiva. Para ello, se ha planteado una situación con tres fuentes sonoras situadas en el trascoro y en dos capillas. A partir de un modelo acústico diseñado en Odeon se han obtenido varias auralizaciones, con las señales procedentes de las tres fuentes, que han sido sometidas al test. Con el fin de crear un entorno que facilite la realización del mismo, tanto a los sujetos que lo realicen, como el tratamiento posterior de los datos obtenidos, se ha creado una herramienta desarrollada en Matlab. Se trata de una interfaz gráfica que permite escuchar las distintas auralizaciones, así como los sonidos procedentes de las distintas fuentes y recoge los juicios de los sujetos sometidos al test en un archivo Excel. Una vez recogidos los datos de los participantes se ha realizado un tratamiento estadístico de los mismos a fin de obtener resultados a cerca del horizonte acústico en la Catedral de Toledo, para la situación planteada. ABSTRACT. We have evidence from the old times that cathedrals were used to host different activities at the same time. This project aims to define the areas of the Cathedral of Toledo that have an acceptable listening level while several activities are carried out simultaneously, by performing subjective listening evaluation test. To achieve the objective, three sound sources are located inside the Cathedral, one behind the choir and two in the chapels. Several auralizations have been obtained, with the signals from the three test sources, by using an acoustic model designed with Odeon. In order to create an environment that facilitates the realization of the listening tests and the post-processing of the data obtained, a tool has been developed in Matlab. It has a graphical interface that allows the subject to listen to different auralizations, as well as the sounds from the different sources, and then collect the results of each test in an excel file. Once the data from the participants is collected, a statistical processing is performed in order to get the results for the acoustic horizon of the Cathedral of Toledo for the aforementioned setup.

Medida del ruido ambiental en el CEIS. Análisis y evaluación de los datos

El presente documento, evalúa y analiza el ruido existente en las inmediaciones del CEIS (Centro Estudio, Innovación y Servicios), situado en la carretera Villaviciosa de Odón a Móstoles (M-856) en el Km 1,5. El objetivo es obtener datos de nivel de ruido en función del tiempo para conocer su variabilidad a lo largo de la semana, para promover una intercomparación entre laboratorios con ruido real. La zona que contempla el proyecto tiene variedad de ruido medioambiental: ruido de tráfico rodado, ruido industrial, ruido de instalaciones y ruido de tráfico aéreo. Estas fuentes de ruido pueden presentarse en diversas combinaciones. Para el ruido total existente, se analiza por un lado el ruido específico de la carretera M-856, y por otro lado el ruido residual asociado a sucesos aislados, como el ruido de tráfico aéreo, ruido industrial y de instalaciones. Para el cálculo de los niveles sonoros de la zona se realiza una evaluación del índice de ruido Ld, para el periodo de día, utilizando como herramienta de cálculo el programa CadnaA versión 4.2. Se realiza la validación de los niveles sonoros obtenidos en el CadnaA en las inmediaciones de la carretera Villaviciosa de Odón a Móstoles. Para ello se comparan los niveles obtenidos en el modelo acústico de la zona elaborado mediante CadnaA y los niveles medidos “in-situ”. Una vez obtenidos los niveles sonoros, se calcula la incertidumbre de las medidas ejecutadas “in-situ” en la última jornada de mediciones realizada, correspondientes a niveles de presión sonora continuos equivalente ponderado A (LAeq, 5min) y de las medidas simuladas en CadnaA , teniendo en cuenta las posibles desviaciones ocasionadas por el equipo de medida, condiciones meteorológicas, variaciones del tráfico, metodología de ensayo..... Por último se valoran los datos obtenidos y se evalúa la posibilidad de promover una intercomparación entre laboratorios realizada con el ruido real de tráfico de la zona. ABSTRACT. The next document evaluates the noise in sorrounding areas of CEIS (Centro Estudio, Innovación y Servicios), located in the road from Villaviciosa de Odón to Móstoles (M-856), in 1.5 km. The aim of this project is to get precise information during time to promove an intercomparation between laboratories with real noise. The area included in the project has several environmental noise: traffic noise, industrial noise and air traffic noise. These noise sources can be combined in different ways. The specific noise of the M-856 on one hand, and the residual noise associated with air traffic noise and industrial noise on the other. The calculation tool CadnaA, 4.2 version, simulates sound levels for the day period and the index Ld. The validation of sound levels around the road Villaviciosa de Odon to Móstoles, is made by comparing the obtained levels in the acoustic model and the real measured levels “in situ” . The uncertainty of the measures "in-situ", and the uncertainty of the sound levels simulated in the acoustic model CadnaA, is calculated using the measurements “in situ” (LAeq, 5min) of the last day. For that calculation, is necessary to take into account the deviations resulting from the measurement equipment, weather conditions, traffic variations, test methodology.... Finally the obtained data are evaluated, considering the possibility of promote an intercomparison between laboratories with real traffic noise of the area.

Evaluación subjetiva de la diferenciación entre las respuestas impulsivas medidas y simuladas en diferentes recintos

Para estudiar la acústica en recintos se utilizan herramientas de modelado acústico de salas y la auralización de estos recintos. En muchos casos el mismo software de modelado genera las auralizaciones que simulan como se escucharía un determinado audio en un punto del recinto. En el presente trabajo se intenta estudiar la calidad de las respuestas impulsivas simuladas generadas por una de estas herramientas de modelado. El proyecto consiste en realizar una evaluación subjetiva de la diferenciación entre las respuestas impulsivas medidas y simuladas en diferentes recintos, comparándola con los parámetros acústicos objetivos que se han obtenido mediante una evaluación objetiva anterior. Para ello, se desarrolla una herramienta software que, con las respuestas impulsivas simuladas (generadas por un software de modelado acústico, ODEON) y las respuestas impulsivas medidas, genere: las auralizaciones correspondientes; un test de escucha para hacer la evaluación subjetiva de las auralizaciones obtenidas y una interfaz de usuario para interaccionar con los oyentes a evaluar; y que almacene los resultados del test de escucha. Además se llevará a cabo la evaluación subjetiva (test de escucha) con un grupo de oyentes, con los que posteriormente se obtendrán los resultados para poder comparar con los valores objetivos. A partir de los resultados del test de escucha, se estudiará la relación entre las diferencias de las respuestas impulsivas (medidas y simuladas) con respecto a: 1) parámetros objetivos (diferencias en valores de JND), 2) evaluación subjetiva (diferenciación subjetiva con el test de escucha) y, 3) comparación entre ambos. Finalmente, se obtendrán las conclusiones derivadas de este estudio. ABSTRACT. Tools of Room Acoustic Modeling and the auralization of these rooms have been used to study room Acoustics. In many cases, the modeling software itself generates the auralizations which simulate the sound of a particular audio in a particular position in a room. The quality of simulated impulse responses generated by a modelling tool has been studied in this project. The project carries out a subjective evaluation of the differences between measured and simulated impulse responses in different rooms, and in comparing them with objective acoustical parameters which have been obtained from the previous objective evaluation. For this, a software tool has been developed. This software, with simulated (generated by a modelling software, ODEON) and measured impulse responses generate: the correspondent auralizations, listening test (which carries out the subjective evaluation of the auralization) and a user interface to interact with listeners. This tool also stores the listening test results. In addition, the subjective evaluation (listening test) will be carried out with a group of listeners, from who we will get the results to compare subjective values. The differences between impulse responses (both measured and simulated) are obtained from the results of the listening test and these differences have been studied regarding: 1) objective parameters (difference in JND values); 2) subjetive evaluation (subjective differences with the listening test); 3) comparison between both. Eventually the conclussions derivative from this project will be obtained.

Estudio comparativo de los parámetros acústicos de la norma UNE-EN ISO 3382-1 medidos con fuente puntual y con el sistema de refuerzo sonoro en salas de cine

El objetivo principal de este trabajo fin de máster es la obtención de los parámetros acústicos, que especifica la norma UNE-EN ISO 3382-1, con una fuente omnidireccional y con cada uno de los canales del sistema de refuerzo sonoro (Izquierdo, Central, Derecho, Surround Izquierdo y Surround Derecho) en una sala de cine, así como la comparación de los resultados. La sala estudiada es la sala 6 de Kinepolis, que está situada en Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Es una sala de gran tamaño (8800 m3) que cuenta con 706 butacas. Tras un estudio de la situación actual en la investigación de acústica de salas, se han realizado las mediciones de la respuesta al impulso con las distintas fuentes y con dos tipos de señal: Secuencias de Máxima Longitud (Maximum Length Sequence - MLS) y barridos sinusoidales. Además, se ha creado un modelo virtual de la sala con el software EASE (Enhanced Acoustic Simulator for Engineers). Los tiempos de reverberación son bastante bajos (aproximadamente 0,6 s en frecuencias medias) y los parámetros subjetivos indican gran definición y claridad. C80 es mayor a 10 dB para casi todas las bandas de frecuencia y D50 es superior a 0,8. Con los datos obtenidos de las mediciones y la simulación se ha realizado un estudio comparativo en el que se incluye información acerca de cómo varían los parámetros acústicos en función del tipo de fuente utilizada, la fiabilidad del modelo creado o la calidad acústica de la sala. Además, presenta la posibilidad de realizar la medición de algunos de los parámetros acústicos con los altavoces del sistema de refuerzo sonoro, teniendo en cuenta las mejoras de los parámetros subjetivos con los altavoces de pantalla. ABSTRACT. The main objective of this Master's Dissertation is to measured some acoustic parameters, which are specified in UNE-EN ISO 3382-1, with an omnidirectional source and each channel sound reinforcement system (Left, Center, right, Surround Left and Surround Right) in a movie theater, and the comparison of results. The analyzed room is Kinepolis' room 6, which is placed in Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). It is a large room (8800 m3) which has 706 seats. After the state of the art in room acoustics research, room's impulse responses have been measured with two types of signal: Maximum Length Sequence (MLS) and Logarithmic Frequency Sine Sweep. In addition, a virtual model of the room has been created with EASE software (Enhanced Acoustic Simulator for Engineers). Reverberation times are quite low (about 0.6 s at mid frequencies) and subjective parameters indicate high definition and clarity. C80 is greater than 10 dB for almost all frequency bands and D50 is greater than 0.8. The data obtained from both the measurements and the simulation has been analyzed in order to include a comparative study with information about the acoustic parameters variation depending on the type of acoustic source, the reliability of the model created or the acoustic quality of the room. Furthermore, it presents the possibility of measuring some acoustical parameters with sound reinforcement system, taking into account improvements in subjective parameters when you are measuring with screen channels.

Diseño de laboratorio para la evaluación de silenciadores "in situ"

Se ha realizado el diseño de un sistema que permite realizar ensayos de silenciadores “in situ”. Para evaluar el comportamiento del sistema de ensayo de silenciadores se procede a caracterizar los paneles acústicos que son la base del sistema. De los paneles empleados en el sistema, se determinará por diferencia del nivel de presión sonora, el aislamiento a ruido aéreo de los mismos, partiendo del promedio de las medidas obtenidas en la sala emisora de la cámara reverberante con el material instalado y en la sala receptora. Se realizan distintas medidas de los niveles de presión sonora en sala emisora de la cámara reverberante y en la receptora así como del tiempo de reverberación con los paneles instalados en el hueco existente en el elemento de separación vertical de la cámara. Una vez ensayados los paneles, se ha procedido a medir los niveles de presión sonora que se obtienen antes y después de la interposición de distintos silenciadores en el sistema diseñado con el propósito de disponer de un laboratorio de medida de la atenuación de silenciadores. Para ello, se procede a efectuar el montaje, en la puerta sencilla de la cámara reverberante, de los componentes del sistema diseñado y se realizan mediciones de la atenuación que proporciona la colocación de un silenciador en el sistema y su posterior sustitución por un conducto. La medición de la atenuación del nivel de presión sonora que producen los distintos silenciadores se realiza por pérdidas por inserción, siguiendo las directrices de la Norma UNE-ISO 11820 y por el método de conductos forrados como cálculo teórico. ABSTRACT. A system has been designed for testing silencers “in situ”. In first place, to evaluate the behavior of the system in the test of silencers, it has been proceeded to customize the acoustic panels that are the basis of the system. The attenuation sound of the panels used in the system will be determined by the difference of sound pressure level. It will be made through the average of the measurements obtained in the source room of the reverberant chamber, the average of the measurements obtained in the receiving room, as well as the reverberation time, with the material installed in the hole of the walls. Once the panels are tested, and with the purpose of having a laboratory to measure the attenuation of silencers, the sound pressure levels has been measured before and after inserting the different silencers in the designed system. To obtain these measures, the components of the system designed have been installed in the hollow of the single door of the reverberant chamber and then the sound pressure level has been measured with a silencers first and after with a duct instead of the silencer. The measurement of the attenuation of the sound pressure level produced by different silencers has been made by insertion loss, following the 11820 UNE-ISO, as well as theoretical calculation has been made by the method of duct lined.

Evaluación de ruido ambiental en las zonas de uso residencial ubicadas en la zona de influencia de la Avenida San Pablo (Barrio de la Estación, Coslada)

El presente documento analiza y evalúa el ruido ambiental existente en las zonas de uso residencial ubicadas en el Barrio de “La Estación”, en el entorno de la Avenida San Pablo, pertenecientes al municipio de Coslada (Madrid). La zona que contempla el proyecto es muy completa, ya que en ella están presentes diferentes tipos de ruido medioambiental (tráfico ferroviario, tráfico rodado, tráfico aeroportuario, ruido industrial de instalaciones, ruido de actividades, etc), donde las fuentes de ruido pueden manifestarse aisladas o en diversas combinaciones. Para evaluar el ruido total existente, se analiza por un lado el ruido residual de la zona de estudio, y por otro el ruido específico e intermitente asociado a sucesos aislados, como son el ruido de aviones y el ruido de trenes, donde se estudia individualmente la existencia de componentes de tonalidad, baja frecuencia e impulsividad. Una vez obtenidos los niveles de ruido total y ruido residual en la zona objeto de estudio, el índice Nivel de presión sonora promedio LPm de las muestras analizadas, estima correctamente los niveles obtenidos en el muestreo de larga duración. En las medidas realizadas se detecta la existencia de componentes de tonalidad y baja frecuencia en los pasos de aviones y trenes registrados. Se calculan los niveles sonoros existentes en la zona de estudio. Para ello se realiza una evaluación de los índices de ruido Ld, para el periodo día, y Le, para el periodo tarde, utilizando como herramienta de cálculo el programa IMMI 6.3.1e. Se realiza la validación del mapa de niveles sonoros obtenido con el IMMI 6.3.1e. Para ello se hace una comparación entre los niveles calculados con el modelo, y los niveles medidos “in situ” en los puntos de muestreo. Por último se obtiene la incertidumbre en cada una de las medidas ejecutadas en una segunda campaña “in situ”, correspondientes a niveles de presión sonora continuos equivalentes ponderado A (LAeq,5min), teniendo en cuenta las posibles desviaciones ocasionadas por el equipo de medida, condiciones meteorológicas, procedimiento de realización del ensayo, etc. ABSTRACT. The present document analyzes and evaluates the environmental noise in the residential areas located at “La Estación” district, near the San Pablo Avenue, in the Coslada municipality (Madrid). The area considered in this project is very complete, once it covers different types of environmental noise (railway traffic, vehicular traffic, airport traffic, industrial noise of building systems, activities noise, etc), where noise sources may appear isolated or under several combinations. In order to evaluate the existing total noise, on one hand it is analyzed the residual noise in the study area, and on the other hand it is analyzed the specific and intermittent noise associated to isolated occurrences, such as the noise of the aircrafts and the noise of the trains, where the existence of components of tonality, low frequency and impulsiveness is studied individually. After obtaining the levels of total noise and residual noise in the target study area, the sound pressure level average index (LPm) of the analyzed samples estimates correctly the levels obtained in the sampling of long duration. On what concerns the measures carried out, it is detected the existence of components of tonality and low frequency in the registered aircrafts and trains passage. The sound levels of the study area are calculated. For that it is made a valuation of the Ld noise ratio, concerning the day period, and Le, concerning the afternoon period. The calculation tool used is the IMMI 6.3.1e programme. The validation of the map of sound levels obtained with the IMMI 6.3.1e is made. In order to get this validation, it is made a comparison between the levels calculated with the model and the levels measured “in situ” in the sampling points. Finally the uncertainty is obtained in each one of the measurements made in a second sampling “in situ”, correspondent to equivalent A-weighted continuous sound pressure level (LAeq,5 min), having in mind the possible deviations caused by the equipment of measure, meteorological conditions, essay’s execution procedures, etc.

Advanced data acquisition system implementation for the ITER Neutron Diagnostic use case using EPICS and FlexRIO technology on a PXIe platform

In the framework of the ITER Control Breakdown Structure (CBS), Plant System Instrumentation & Control (I&C) defines the hardware and software required to control one or more plant systems [1]. For diagnostics, most of the complex Plant System I&C are to be delivered by ITER Domestic Agencies (DAs). As an example for the DAs, ITER Organization (IO) has developed several use cases for diagnostics Plant System I&C that fully comply with guidelines presented in the Plant Control Design Handbook (PCDH) [2]. One such use case is for neutron diagnostics, specifically the Fission Chamber (FC), which is responsible for delivering time-resolved measurements of neutron source strength and fusion power to aid in assessing the functional performance of ITER [3]. ITER will deploy four Fission Chamber units, each consisting of three individual FC detectors. Two of these detectors contain Uranium 235 for Neutron detection, while a third "dummy" detector will provide gamma and noise detection. The neutron flux from each MFC is measured by the three methods: . Counting Mode: measures the number of individual pulses and their location in the record. Pulse parameters (threshold and width) are user configurable. . Campbelling Mode (Mean Square Voltage): measures the RMS deviation in signal amplitude from its average value. .Current Mode: integrates the signal amplitude over the measurement period

Evaluating a web-based clinical decision support system for language disorders screening in a nursery school

Background: Early and effective identification of developmental disorders during childhood remains a critical task for the international community. The second highest prevalence of common developmental disorders in children are language delays, which are frequently the first symptoms of a possible disorder. Objective: This paper evaluates a Web-based Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) whose aim is to enhance the screening of language disorders at a nursery school. The common lack of early diagnosis of language disorders led us to deploy an easy-to-use CDSS in order to evaluate its accuracy in early detection of language pathologies. This CDSS can be used by pediatricians to support the screening of language disorders in primary care. Methods: This paper details the evaluation results of the ?Gades? CDSS at a nursery school with 146 children, 12 educators, and 1 language therapist. The methodology embraces two consecutive phases. The first stage involves the observation of each child?s language abilities, carried out by the educators, to facilitate the evaluation of language acquisition level performed by a language therapist. Next, the same language therapist evaluates the reliability of the observed results. Results: The Gades CDSS was integrated to provide the language therapist with the required clinical information. The validation process showed a global 83.6% (122/146) success rate in language evaluation and a 7% (7/94) rate of non-accepted system decisions within the range of children from 0 to 3 years old. The system helped language therapists to identify new children with potential disorders who required further evaluation. This process will revalidate the CDSS output and allow the enhancement of early detection of language disorders in children. The system does need minor refinement, since the therapists disagreed with some questions from the CDSS knowledge base (KB) and suggested adding a few questions about speech production and pragmatic abilities. The refinement of the KB will address these issues and include the requested improvements, with the support of the experts who took part in the original KB development. Conclusions: This research demonstrated the benefit of a Web-based CDSS to monitor children?s neurodevelopment via the early detection of language delays at a nursery school. Current next steps focus on the design of a model that includes pseudo auto-learning capacity, supervised by experts.

Integration of multisensor hybrid reasoners to support personal autonomy in the smart home.

The deployment of the Ambient Intelligence (AmI) paradigm requires designing and integrating user-centered smart environments to assist people in their daily life activities. This research paper details an integration and validation of multiple heterogeneous sensors with hybrid reasoners that support decision making in order to monitor personal and environmental data at a smart home in a private way. The results innovate on knowledge-based platforms, distributed sensors, connected objects, accessibility and authentication methods to promote independent living for elderly people. TALISMAN+, the AmI framework deployed, integrates four subsystems in the smart home: (i) a mobile biomedical telemonitoring platform to provide elderly patients with continuous disease management; (ii) an integration middleware that allows context capture from heterogeneous sensors to program environment¿s reaction; (iii) a vision system for intelligent monitoring of daily activities in the home; and (iv) an ontologies-based integrated reasoning platform to trigger local actions and manage private information in the smart home. The framework was integrated in two real running environments, the UPM Accessible Digital Home and MetalTIC house, and successfully validated by five experts in home care, elderly people and personal autonomy.