Second Order Fit for Mercuric Chloride Catalysed Solvolysis of Alkyl Chlorides in Aqueous DMSO Solvents

Kinetics of mercuric chloride catalysed solvolysis of l-butyl chloride, benzyl chloride. p-methylbenzyl chloride, l-phenylethyl chloride and triethylcarbinyl chloride have been studied in aq. DMSO, aq. acetonitrile and aq. ethanol. The kinetic data fit a second order rate equation in aq. DMSO. The calculated values of the second order rate coefficients increase in the case of aq. acetonitrile and aq. ethanol. The order in catalyst in 95%(v/v) aq. DMSO is less than unity.

Studies on some nonlinear optical phenomena-optical phase conjugation and continuous wave second harmonic generation

Nonlinear optics has emerged as a new area of physics , following the development of various types of lasers. A number of advancements , both theoretical and experimental . have been made in the past two decades . by scientists al1 over the world. However , onl y few scientists have attempted to study the experimental aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena i n I ndian laboratories. This thesis is the report of an attempt made in this direction. The thesis contains the details of the several investigations which the author has carried out in the past few years, on optical phase conjugation (OPC) and continuous wave CCVD second harmonic generation CSHG). OPC is a new branch of nonlinear optics, developed only in the past decade. The author has done a few experiments on low power OPC in dye molecules held in solid matrices, by making use of a degenerate four wave mixing CDFWND scheme. These samples have been characterised by studies on their absorption-spectra. fluorescence spectra. triplet lifetimes and saturation intensities. Phase conjugation efficiencies with r espect to the various parameters have been i nvesti gated . DFWM scheme was also employed i n achievi ng phase conjugation of a br oadband laser C Nd: G1ass 3 using a dye solution as the nonlinear medium.

Nirala’s role in the advent of modern trends in Hindi poetry

HINDI

A User-Centric Perspective on Parallel Programming with Focus on OpenMP

The process of developing software that takes advantage of multiple processors is commonly referred to as parallel programming. For various reasons, this process is much harder than the sequential case. For decades, parallel programming has been a problem for a small niche only: engineers working on parallelizing mostly numerical applications in High Performance Computing. This has changed with the advent of multi-core processors in mainstream computer architectures. Parallel programming in our days becomes a problem for a much larger group of developers. The main objective of this thesis was to find ways to make parallel programming easier for them. Different aims were identified in order to reach the objective: research the state of the art of parallel programming today, improve the education of software developers about the topic, and provide programmers with powerful abstractions to make their work easier. To reach these aims, several key steps were taken. To start with, a survey was conducted among parallel programmers to find out about the state of the art. More than 250 people participated, yielding results about the parallel programming systems and languages in use, as well as about common problems with these systems. Furthermore, a study was conducted in university classes on parallel programming. It resulted in a list of frequently made mistakes that were analyzed and used to create a programmers' checklist to avoid them in the future. For programmers' education, an online resource was setup to collect experiences and knowledge in the field of parallel programming - called the Parawiki. Another key step in this direction was the creation of the Thinking Parallel weblog, where more than 50.000 readers to date have read essays on the topic. For the third aim (powerful abstractions), it was decided to concentrate on one parallel programming system: OpenMP. Its ease of use and high level of abstraction were the most important reasons for this decision. Two different research directions were pursued. The first one resulted in a parallel library called AthenaMP. It contains so-called generic components, derived from design patterns for parallel programming. These include functionality to enhance the locks provided by OpenMP, to perform operations on large amounts of data (data-parallel programming), and to enable the implementation of irregular algorithms using task pools. AthenaMP itself serves a triple role: the components are well-documented and can be used directly in programs, it enables developers to study the source code and learn from it, and it is possible for compiler writers to use it as a testing ground for their OpenMP compilers. The second research direction was targeted at changing the OpenMP specification to make the system more powerful. The main contributions here were a proposal to enable thread-cancellation and a proposal to avoid busy waiting. Both were implemented in a research compiler, shown to be useful in example applications, and proposed to the OpenMP Language Committee.

Second Generation Pakistanis in the UK from 1994 to 2005

In spite of being the second largest immigrant group in the United Kingdom, Pakistanis are still one of the most disadvantaged immigrant groups with respect to labour market integration. Hence, dealing with their labour market integration is the first step to improve it. This paper compares second generation Pakistanis in the United Kingdom with their British peers and analyses, whether the gap between the two ethnicities with respect to labour market integration decreased or not. Both groups in the analysis were born in the United Kingdom and possess British nationality. The only difference is the ethnicity; while Pakistanis have Pakistani ethnicity; British people have “white” ethnicity. The analysis covers people whose age are between 18 and 33 years old and compares the time period of December 1993-February 1995 and December 2004-February 2006. To carry out this analysis, I operationalise labour market integration as employment chance and utilise the United Kingdom Quarterly Labour Force Survey data. Empirical findings show that the gap between the labour market integration of second generation Pakistanis and their British peers in the sample did not change significantly from 1994 to 2005.

Analysis of second messengers in peripheral and central circadian pacemakers

In früheren Experimenten konnte gezeigt werden, dass die sekundären Botenstoffe cAMP, cGMP und IP3 in der olfaktorischen Signaltransduktionskaskade bei Manduca sexta involviert sind. Während cGMP Perfusionen in die Antenne die Pheromonwahrnehmung tageszeitabhängig adaptierten, führten cAMP Perfusionen zu einer tageszeitabhängigen Sensitisierung, ähnlicher der von Octopamin (OA). Daher wurde hypothetisiert, dass eine tageszeitabhängige Oszillation antennaler OA Level sowie der intrazelluläre Kalziumkonzentration in einer Schwankung von sekundären Botenstoffen resultieren könnte. Diese Hypothese wurde mittels biochemischen Nachweißverfahren in der Antenne von M. sexta und Rhyparobia maderae überprüft. Tatsächlich konnten in der Antenne des Tabakschwärmers tageszeitabhängige Unterschiede in der OA-, cAMP- und IP3-, aber nicht in der cGMP Konzentration, nachgewiesen werden. Während die cAMP- und OA Oszillationen einander sehr ähnelten und die Maxima in der Paarungsphase aufzeigten, korrelierte der IP3 Verlauf sehr stark mit dem Flug- bzw. Fressverhalten. Diese Korrelationen konnten auch in der Madeira Schabe beobachtet werden, in der darüber hinaus gezeigt werden konnte, dass antennale cAMP- und IP3 Level von dem circadianen Uhrwerk gesteuert werden. Zudem wurde herausgefunden, dass OA die cAMP- und teilweise auch die IP3- Spiegel reguliert. Demgegenüber beeinflusste Kalzium die Konzentration aller untersuchten sekundären Botenstoffe. Daher wird angenommen, dass die intrazelluläre Kalziumkonzentration aber auch der antennale OA Level kritische Faktoren bei der Regelung der olfaktorischen Sensitivität sind. Da Oszillationen von sekundären Botenstoffen in mutmaßlichen, peripheren Schrittmacher nachgewiesen wurden, wurde untersucht, ob sie auch im circadianen Schrittmacher der Madeira Schabe oszillieren und ob das Neuropeptid pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), ein entscheidender Kopplungsfaktor des Uhrwerks in Insekten, diese Rhythmen generieren könnte. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass PDF die cAMP Synthese steigert. Darüber hinaus wurden bimodale cAMP Oszillationen unter licht-dunkel Bedingungen beobachtet, welche unter konstanten Umweltbedingungen verblieben. Daher wird angenommen, dass PDF Freisetzung zelluläres cAMP erhöht über das das circadiane Uhrwerk synchronisiert wird.

An LMI approach to H∞ synchronization of second-order neutral master-slave systems

The H∞ synchronization problem of the master and slave structure of a second-order neutral master-slave systems with time-varying delays is presented in this paper. Delay-dependent sufficient conditions for the design of a delayed output-feedback control are given by Lyapunov-Krasovskii method in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI). A controller, which guarantees H∞ synchronization of the master and slave structure using some free weighting matrices, is then developed. A numerical example has been given to show the effectiveness of the method

La incidencia de la complejidad en el ambiente organizacional

La realidad de la complejidad en las organizaciones actuales " Kellert: Hay que ver la teoría del caos como una nueva y revolucionaria ciencia que es discontinua radicalmente con la tradición occidental de objetivar y controlar la naturaleza pues falsifica tanto el carácter de la teoría del caos y la historia de la ciencia. ... cualquier expectativa de que la teoría del caos es el re-encantamiento del mundo se reunirá con la decepción“ La complejidad a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, fue adquiriendo importancia a partir de los trabajos desarrollados desde diferentes disciplinas, como respuesta a los vertiginosos avances y a la aparición de nuevas tecnologías que están cambiando nuestra forma de vida y generando nuevo conocimiento. Estamos acostumbrados a ver el mundo de manera lineal, conforme a nuestras formación racionalista, y el ser humano desligado de la naturaleza y su proceso evolutivo, en ese sentido desde la aparición de las TCP, encontramos nuevas formas de entender, tanto los sistemas físicos, biológicos como los sociales humanos. El objetivo de este escrito e hipótesis es plantear la contradicción que se presenta al interior de las organizaciones desde el punto de vista de la realidad organizacional, realizando una mirada rápida al desarrollo las teorías que hoy en día componen lo que entendemos como complejidad, para terminar en el planteamiento de cómo ella se presenta en el interior de las organizaciones. En donde la toma de decisiones por la magnitud de información existe, se vuelven complejas y terminamos en la búsqueda de modelos que nos permitan un manejo adecuado de las organizaciones.

Tor: the second generation onion router

This is the original Dingledine et al's Tor paper. Please consider it required reading.

INFO6003 (2013) Tor: the second generation onion router -- Paper

This is the original Dingledine et al's Tor paper. Please consider it required reading.

Evaluation of effectiveness of the project ‘Caring caregivers of persons in disability situation’. Bogotá - second semester of 2007

The present paper presents the results of a transversal descriptive study which intended to estimate the contribution of the project “Caring for those who take care of people with disabilities” in the areas of: strength of personal and group competences, self care, life project, dexterity in the care process of people with disabilities, and communitarian auto management; that was implemented in 20 urban areas with caregivers of the city of Bogota in the year 2007. The study allowed the nresearches to acknowledge the little change perception that caregivers had in terms of self care, however, the caregivers perceived change in the four areas, although this were not statistically significant in comparison with the general population. There were only significant changes in the communitarian auto management area in 30% of the population. As a result, it is proposed that more extensive, continuous, and sustainable processes are implemented and that this process arises from contention spaces which can be created with the caregivers, from which they can be motivated to participate in other ´processes of collective and individual changes. Also there’s a need to rely on facilitators (professionals and change agents) who have stronger competences on the how to be and the how to interact competences, because there’s a need to manage the psychosocial components in this group of people. Also, we must make organizational processes and the social networks stronger, this is: collective actions are required, because disability is a social fact, and so, the individual issues are just a moment in the process of inclusion of the person with disability, his family and caregiver.

English Second Level. 'Inglés segundo nivel'.

Colección de 48 fichas ilustradas, con dos actividades cada una, destinadas al aprendizaje del inglés. Las preguntas que propone cada ficha se conciben para que los alumnos aprendan jugando. Cada pregunta va acompañada, en el reverso de la ficha, de la respuesta correspondiente.

English Second Level. 'Inglés segundo nivel'.

Colección de 48 fichas ilustradas, con dos actividades cada una, destinadas al aprendizaje del inglés. Las preguntas que propone cada ficha se conciben para que los alumnos aprendan jugando. Cada pregunta va acompañada, en el reverso de la ficha, de la respuesta correspondiente.