John Brande Trend y la Residencia de Estudiantes.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

R. B. Cunninghame Graham's 'Aurora La Cujiñi' (1898) : an exploration. 'Aurora La Cujiñi (1998) de R. B. Cunninghame Graham : una indagación'.

Resumen en español

Limitaciones de la pedagog??a de John Dewey

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Estudio preliminar para la adaptación del programa autoaplicable de elección vocacional self-directed search de John L. Holland.

Resumen tomado del autor. Resumen en inglés y castellano

La escuela de estudios superiores del magisterio (1909-1932).

No podría valorarse correctamente la significación que tuvo la Escuela del... Magisterio en el contexto de las realizaciones pedagógicas españolas su olvidáramos el tiempo histórico que surgió no sólo su creación, sino su avatar a través de los años en que se desarrolló sus actividades docentes. Se creó a través de los decretos de 1909 y 11. Las líneas matrices del intento pedagógico que iba a llevarse a cabo estuvieron enraizadas en los planes del profesorado de los Estados Unidos y especialmente en las escuelas normales de Francia, pero carecía de la financiación de estas instituciones. En ella se formará la generalidad de los profesores de escuela normal e inspectores de enseñanza primaria En el transcurso de la vida docente de la Escuela Superior, se deseó vivamente convertirla en un centro pedagógico de amplios vuelos. A la postre, la frustración producida en este aspecto de su quehacer, contribuyó bastante a limitar sus posibilidades de supervivencia. Ofreció a través de todas sus promociones un ejemplo de camaradería y convivencia realmente admirables. Varias causas la hicieron posible: en primer lugar, los alumnos llegaban a la escuela con una madurez social envidiable, ya que todos eran por lo menos maestros, muchos maestros nacionales en activo; el número de alumnos era escaso y la identidad de fines les hacia confraternizar fácilmente; este compañerismo se fue acrecentando a través de todas las actividades extraescolares. Tan profundo fue este compañerismo, que hoy subsiste una Asociación de antiguos alumnos que se reúnen periódicamente para confirmar sus lazos de amistad.

Dos novelistas norteamericanos en español : Ernest Hemingway y John Steinbeck.

Pertenecientes al grupo de la generación perdida. Hemingway, contrariamente a los otros escritores de su generación, poseía una muy escasa preparación académica, estaba dedicado al periodismo. Pero, su estilo desnudo y difícil, a pesar de su aparente sencillez, comenzó a llamar la atención hacia sus extrañas creaciones. Vivió en España al ser un amante de los toros y sentirse atraído por la causa repubicana.Steinbeck, cuatro años más joven que Ernest, pero novelista más saludable, con calidades más finas y saludables que sus compañeros. En Jhon, se unen la agudeza y la sensibilidad, el amor y la gracia amable, grotesca, a veces, pero sin mala intención y una ternura por el hombre pobre, por el torpe, que engrandecen sus novelas.

Psychometric properties of the Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ-R) in young Spanish adults

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Fitting models for the joint action of two drugs using SAS(R)

Combinations of drugs are increasingly being used for a wide variety of diseases and conditions. A pre-clinical study may allow the investigation of the response at a large number of dose combinations. In determining the response to a drug combination, interest may lie in seeking evidence of synergism, in which the joint action is greater than the actions of the individual drugs, or of antagonism, in which it is less. Two well-known response surface models representing no interaction are Loewe additivity and Bliss independence, and Loewe or Bliss synergism or antagonism is defined relative to these. We illustrate an approach to fitting these models for the case in which the marginal single drug dose-response relationships are represented by four-parameter logistic curves with common upper and lower limits, and where the response variable is normally distributed with a common variance about the dose-response curve. When the dose-response curves are not parallel, the relative potency of the two drugs varies according to the magnitude of the desired effect and the models for Loewe additivity and synergism/antagonism cannot be explicitly expressed. We present an iterative approach to fitting these models without the assumption of parallel dose-response curves. A goodness-of-fit test based on residuals is also described. Implementation using the SAS NLIN procedure is illustrated using data from a pre-clinical study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The significance of "nonsignificance" in randomized controlled studies: a discussion inspired by a double-blinded study on St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) for premenstrual symptoms

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of St. John's wort extract (SJW) as a treatment for premenstrual symptoms. Design: The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, with two parallel treatment groups. After a no-treatment baseline cycle, volunteers were randomized to either SJW or placebo for a further two menstrual cycles. Settings/location: A postal trial conducted from The University of Reading, Berkshire, England. Subjects: One hundred and sixty-nine (169) normally menstruating women who experienced recurrent premenstrual symptoms were recruited onto the study. One hundred and twenty-five (125) completed the protocol and were included in the analysis. Interventions: Six hundred milligrams (600) mg of SJW (standardized to contain 1800 mug of hypericin) or placebo (containing lactose and cellulose). Outcome measure: A menstrual diary was used to assess changes in premenstrual symptoms. The anxiety-related subgroup of symptoms of this instrument was used as the primary outcome measure. Results: After averaging the effects of treatment over both treatment cycles it was found that there was a trend for SJW to be superior to placebo. However, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The possibility that this nonsignificant finding resulted from insufficient statistical power in the study, rather than a lack of efficacy of SJW, is discussed. Following this discussion the recommendation is made that, in future, similar studies should be powered to detect a minimum clinically relevant difference between treatments.

The significance of "nonsignificance" in randomized controlled studies: a discussion inspired by a double-blinded study on St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) for premenstrual symptoms

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of St. John's wort extract (SJW) as a treatment for premenstrual symptoms. Design: The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, with two parallel treatment groups. After a no-treatment baseline cycle, volunteers were randomized to either SJW or placebo for a further two menstrual cycles. Settings/location: A postal trial conducted from The University of Reading, Berkshire, England. Subjects: One hundred and sixty-nine (169) normally menstruating women who experienced recurrent premenstrual symptoms were recruited onto the study. One hundred and twenty-five (125) completed the protocol and were included in the analysis. Interventions: Six hundred milligrams (600) mg of SJW (standardized to contain 1800 mug of hypericin) or placebo (containing lactose and cellulose). Outcome measure: A menstrual diary was used to assess changes in premenstrual symptoms. The anxiety-related subgroup of symptoms of this instrument was used as the primary outcome measure. Results: After averaging the effects of treatment over both treatment cycles it was found that there was a trend for SJW to be superior to placebo. However, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The possibility that this nonsignificant finding resulted from insufficient statistical power in the study, rather than a lack of efficacy of SJW, is discussed. Following this discussion the recommendation is made that, in future, similar studies should be powered to detect a minimum clinically relevant difference between treatments.