Electrochemical analysis of the performance of carbon supported Pd nanoparticles for direct formic acid fuel cells: from gold supported electrodes to catalyst-coated membranes

In this work carbon supported Pd nanoparticles were prepared and used as electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation fuel cells. The influence of some relevant parameters such as the nominal Pt loading, the Nafion/total solids ratio as well as the Pd loading towards formic acid electrooxidation was evaluated using gold supported catalytic layer electrodes which were prepared using a similar methodology to that employed in the preparation of conventional catalyst coated membranes (CCM). The results obtained show that, for constant Pd loading, the nominal Pd loading and the Nafion percentage on the catalytic layer do not play an important role on the resulting electrocatalytic properties. The main parameter affecting the electrocatalytic activity of the electrodes seems to be the Pd loading, although the resulting activity is not directly proportional to the increased Pd loading. Thus, whereas the Pd loading is multiplied by a factor of 10, the activity is only twice which evidences an important decrease in the Pd utilization. In fact, the results obtained suggest the active layer is the outer one being clearly independent of the catalytic layer thickness. Finally, catalyst coated membranes with Pd catalyst loadings of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.2 mg cm-2 were also tested in a breathing direct formic acid fuel cell.

España: de los impactos de la crisis a las movilizaciones de protesta

El sur de Europa está experimentando una crisis económica de una intensidad y duración desconocida en la memoria de muchas generaciones. El impacto se agrava al producirse tras un breve período de bonanza económica y expansión del consumo, cuyo efecto a medio plazo fue endeudar fuertemente a las clases medias y populares. La destrucción acelerada del empleo ha cambiado el panorama social, al producir una emergente contestación social, consecuencia, entre otros motivos, de los abusos normativos que protegen al sistema financiero. Estas tensiones se producen en un contexto donde las instituciones políticas experimentan una crisis de credibilidad como fruto de la corrupción, la financiación ilegal de partidos y los lucros y privilegios personales de los políticos. Por efecto de la crisis económica la sensibilidad social a estos casos se ha incrementado. La bifurcación de la crisis económica en crisis social y política, y la interacción entre éstas define la movilización sociopolítica en España. Movilización en las calles, pero también cambios en las posiciones adoptadas ante el sistema de partidos y la práctica democrática en conjunto. Las críticas al modo de hacer política en España han llevado, como reflexión popular colectiva, a cuestionar el concepto de democracia como una simple expresión formal de reglas y procedimientos. En la actualidad esta situación puede transformar profundamente el sistema político español. Primero como consecuencia de los movimientos de resiliencia democrática que buscan nuevas expresiones políticas. Y segundo, dada la difusión de una alienación política que enajena a los ciudadanos del actual sistema de partidos.

Sharḥ Qaṣīdat Kaʻb ibn Zuhayr al-maʻrūfah bi-Bānat Suʻād / ikhtaṣarahu Sayyidunā al-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻAllāmah Zayn al-Dīn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalīl al-Khaṭīb bi-ʻAyn al-Zaytūn min sharḥ Jamāl al-Dīn Ibn Hishām : manuscript

1498.

The Benefits of Sampling Sports During Childhood

Sampling may promote prolonged engagement in sport by limiting physical injuries (Fraser-Thomas et al., 2005). Overtraining injuries are a concern for young athletes who specialize in one sport and engage in high volumes of deliberate practice (Hollander, Meyers, & Leunes, 1995; Law, Côté, & Ericsson, 2007). For instance, young gymnasts who practice for over 16 hours a week have been shown to have higher incidences of back injuries (Goldstein, Berger, Windier, & Jackson, 1991). A sampling approach in child-controlled play (e.g. deliberate play) rather than highly adult-controlled practice (e.g. deliberate practice) has been proposed as a strategy to limit overuse and other sport-related injuries (Micheli, Glassman, & Klein, 2000). In summary, sampling may protect against sport attrition by limiting sport related injuries and allowing children to have early experiences in sport that are enjoyable. Psychosocial Benefits of Sampling Only a small percentage of children who participate in school sports ever become elite athletes. Therefore, the psychosocial outcomes of sport participation are particularly important to consider. Recent studies with youth between the ages of 11 to 17 have found that those who are involved in a variety of extracurricular activities (e.g. sports, volunteer, arts) score more favourably on outcome measures such as Grade Point Average (GPA; Fredricks & Eccles, 2006a) and positive peer relationships (Fredricks & Eccles, 2006b) than youth who participate in fewer activities. These patterns are thought to exist due to each extracurricular activity bringing its own distinct pattern of socialization experiences that reinforce certain behaviours and/or teach various skills (Fredricks & Eccles, 2006b; Rose-Krasnor, Bussen, Willoughby, & Chambers, 2006). This contention is corroborated by studies of children and youths' experiences in extracurricular activities indicating that youth have unique experiences in each activity that contribute to their development (Hansen, Larson, & Dworkin, 2003; Larson, Hansen, & Moneta, 2006). This has led Wilkes and Côté (2007) to propose that children who sample different activities (through their own choice or by virtue of parental direction), have a greater chance of developing the following five developmental outcomes compared to children who specialize in one activity: 1) life skills, 2) prosocial behaviour, 3) healthy identity, 4) diverse peer groups and 5) social capital.

Structured Sports and Physical Activities: Their Critical Role

Even though one recognizes the physical and psychological kindness of h more and more involvement of the children to the physical and sporty activities, these programs seem more and more inaccessible to some. This article underlines the importance school déprogrammes centered on structured physical and sporty activities. In the setting of a recent survey, one asked youngsters to 5th year to take in note all their activities (as diary calendar) during two days of consecutive week. L·s children that participated in structured physical and sporty activities before and after the hours class sembkient to pull a lot more phisir of their day that those that didn't participate in these activities. Besides, seuk the young that took to structured physical and sporty activities reached the rates recommended of daily physical activity. The article proposes to the school administrators, to the parents, to the children and to the collectivities various measures encouraging the adoption of additional programs centered on the physical and sporty activities in school environment.

A perspectiva linear e orgãnica na conceção do desenho de paisagem

This dissertation was primarily engaged in the study of linear and organic perspective applied to the drawing of landscape, considering the perspective as a fundamental tool in order to graphically materialize sensory experiences offered by the landscape / place to be drawn. The methodology consisted initially in the investigation of perspective theories and perspective representation methods applied to landscape drawing, followed by practical application to a specific case. Thus, within the linear perspective were analyzed and explained: the visual framing, the methods of representation based on the descriptive geometry and also the design of shadows and reflections within the shadows. In the context of organic perspective were analyzed and described techniques utilizing depth of field, the color, or fading and overlapping and light-dark so as to add depth to the drawing. It was also explained a set of materials, printing techniques and resources, which by means of practical examples executed by different artists over time, show the perspectives’ drawings and application of theory. Finally, a set of original drawings was prepared in order to represent a place of a specific case, using for this purpose the theories and methods of linear and organic perspective, using different materials and printing techniques. The drawings were framed under the "project design", starting with the horizontal and vertical projections of a landscape architecture design to provide different views of the proposed space. It can be concluded that the techniques and methods described and exemplified, were suitable, with some adjustments, to the purpose it was intended, in particular in the landscape design conception, bringing to reality the pictorial sense world perceived by the human eye

Clima motivacional, necessidades psicológicas básicas e perceção de esforço no futebol

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi testar a integração de dois modelos teóricos motivacionais (teoria da autodeterminação e a teoria dos objetivos de realização), com o intuito de analisar o impacto do clima motivacional nas necessidades psicológicas básicas e na perceção de esforço dos atletas. Participaram neste estudo 460 atletas (n = 460), da modalidade de futebol, todos do género masculino, do nível distrital e nacional, das categorias de iniciados, juvenis, juniores e seniores, com uma média de idades de 17,42 (SD=4,37) anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, nomeadamente, a análise de equações estruturais. Os resultados encontrados suportam a adequação do modelo (S-Bχ² = 171.79; df = 100; p =0.000; S-Bχ²/df = 1.71; SRMR =0.053; TLI = 0.930; CFI = 0.942; RMSEA = 0.042; 90%IC RMSEA = 0.029-0.049), evidenciando que um clima motivacional orientado para a tarefa tem um efeito positivo significativo sobre as necessidades psicológicas básicas, por outro lado, um clima motivacional orientado para o ego tem um efeito positivo mas não significativo sobre as necessidades psicológicas básicas. Por sua vez, as necessidades psicológicas básicas apresentam um efeito positivo e significativo sobre a perceção de esforço dos atletas.

O efeito moderador do significado do trabalho na relação entre a liderança ética e a satisfação dos colaboradores

Objetivo. Esta pesquisa testa empiricamente a relação entre se o significado do trabalho modera a relação entre as perceções de liderança ética e a satisfação no trabalho. A relação entre liderança e satisfação dos colaboradores tem sido estudada por muitos investigadores em diversos contextos, sobretudo na área da saúde, do ensino e em organizações com fins lucrativos, sendo escassos os estudos aplicados no sector social. Embora seja profícua a investigação que considera a liderança e a satisfação, é menos frequente aquela que: (a) considera a liderança ética, (b) considera as perceções de colaboradores do sector social. Metodologia. A amostra abarca 97 colaboradores (90% do género feminino, 45% com o 9.º ano de escolaridade, 28% com o secundário e 27% com um curso superior, 14% desempenham funções de chefia) provenientes de três Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social. A idade média dos inquiridos cifra-se nos 43,8 anos (DP: 11,1) e a antiguidade média em 11,1 anos (DP: 7,7). A liderança ética foi estudada com a escala de De Hoogh e Den Hartog, (2008), abarcando três dimensões: moralidade e justiça, clarificação do papel dos colaboradores, e partilha de poder. A satisfação foi medida através da escala de Fields (2002). O significado no trabalho foi medido através dos itens propostos por Rego e Cunha (2013). Controlou-se o efeito do género, da idade, das habilitações académicas, da antiguidade na organização, da antiguidade na relação com o líder, do tipo de vínculo e do exercício de funções de chefia.Resultados. Os dados sugerem o seguinte: (a) as perceções de liderança ética influenciam de modo positivo e significativo os níveis de satisfação das pessoas no trabalho; (b) a relação entre a liderança ética e a satisfação é moderada pelo significado no trabalho. Os trabalhadores que sentem que realizam um trabalho com significado para a sua vida e útil para as pessoas e a sociedade reagem mais fortemente às perceções de liderança ética através de maior satisfação no trabalho. Limitações. Atendendo que todas as variáveis foram obtidas no mesmo instrumento de medida e em simultâneo, os dados podem padecer de problemas relacionados com a variância do método comum. Trabalhos futuros devem investigar a existência de variáveis mediadoras na relação entre as perceções de liderança e os níveis de satisfação.

Europeanization and the inclusive strategies of executive actors

In Europeanized policy domains, executive actors are considered especially powerful because they are directly responsible for international negotiations. However, in order to avoid failing in the ratification process, they are also highly dependent on the support of domestic, non-state actors. We argue that in Europeanized decision-making processes, state actors are not passively lobbied, but actively seek collaboration with - and support from - domestic actors. We apply stochastic actor-based modelling for network dynamics to collaboration data on two successive bilateral agreements on the free movement of persons between Switzerland and the European Union (EU). Results confirm our hypotheses that state actors are not passively lobbied, but actively look for collaboration with other actors, and especially with potential veto players and euro-sceptical actors from both the conservative Right and the Left.

Pallas [Material gráfico]

Inscripción en ángulo derecho: "2"

Expositio biblie in Mammotrectum

Sign.: A-C8, D4, A-Z8, [et]8, [cum]8, 2a-2e8, 2f4

The classification of technical equipment states, using a neural nets approach

The Maser thesis is devoted to developing a model to technical state of gas turbine engine estimation. The approaches to preparation data, especially to handle unbalanced data were presented in the thesis. In order to efficient estimation of model performance, the special metric was chosen. Goal of the master thesis is analyzing of monitoring parameters data and developing a model of technical state of GTE estimation based on the data.

Morphometric measurements throughout ontogeny of selected planktic foraminiferal test species

Development plays an important part in shaping adult morphology and morphological disparity, yet its influence on evolutionary processes is seldom explored because of a lack of preservation of ontogenetic stages in the fossil record. By preserving their entire ontogenetic history within their test, and with the advent of high-resolution imaging techniques, planktic foraminifera allow us to investigate the influence of developmental constraints on disparity. Using Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM), we reconstruct the ontogenetic progression of seven species across several of the major morphotypic groups of planktic foraminifera, including morphotypes of a species exhibiting high phenotypic plasticity and closely related pseudo-cryptic sister-taxa. We show differences in growth patterns between the globigerinid species, which appear more tightly regulated within the framework of isometry from the neanic stage, and the globorotaliid species, whose adult stages present allometric trends. Morphological change through ontogeny results in a change in surface area to volume ratios. Different metabolic processes therefore dominate at different stages of ontogeny, changing the vulnerability of the organism to environmental influences over growth, from factors affecting diffusion rates in the juvenile to those affecting energy supply in the adult. These findings identify some of the parameters within which evolutionary mechanisms have to act.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and photosynthetic response of Emiliania huxleyi (CS-369) to UV radiation and elevated temperature duirng experiments, 2011

Changes in calcification of coccolithophores may affect their photosynthetic responses to both, ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) and temperature. We operated semi-continuous cultures of Emiliania huxleyi (strain CS-369) at reduced (0.1 mM, LCa) and ambient (10 mM, HCa) Ca2+ concentrations and, after 148 generations, we exposed cells to six radiation treatments (>280, >295, >305, >320, >350 and >395 nm by using Schott filters) and two temperatures (20 and 25 °C) to examine photosynthesis and calcification responses. Overall, our study demonstrated that: (1) decreased calcification resulted in a down regulation of photoprotective mechanisms (i.e., as estimated via non-photochemical quenching, NPQ), pigments contents and photosynthetic carbon fixation; (2) calcification (C) and photosynthesis (P) (as well as their ratio) have different responses related to UVR with cells grown under the high Ca2+ concentration being more resistant to UVR than those grown under the low Ca2+ level; (3) elevated temperature increased photosynthesis and calcification of E. huxleyi grown at high Ca2+concentrations whereas decreased both processes in low Ca2+ grown cells. Therefore, a decrease in calcification rates in E. huxleyi is expected to decrease photosynthesis rates, resulting in a negative feedback that further reduces calcification.